Abstract:
:In the mammary gland Bcl-x is the most abundant cell survival factor from the Bcl-2 family. Since Bcl-x null mice die around day 12 of embryogenesis, the relevance of this protein in organ development and function is poorly understood. In erythroid cells bcl-x gene expression is controlled by cytokines and the transcription factor Stat5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription). However, we identified that bcl-x RNA levels in mammary tissue from prolactin receptor- and Stat5-null mice were indistinguishable from wild type mice. We have proposed that Bcl-x might control the survival of mammary epithelial cells throughout pregnancy, lactation, and the early stages of involution, and we have now tested this hypothesis through the conditional deletion of the bcl-x gene from mouse mammary epithelium. Conditional (floxed) bcl-x alleles were excised from alveolar cells during pregnancy using a Cre transgene under the control of the whey acidic protein gene promoter. Deletion of the bcl-x gene from the entire epithelial compartment (ducts and alveoli) was achieved by expressing Cre-recombinase under control of the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat. The absence of Bcl-x did not compromise proliferation and differentiation of mammary ductal and alveolar epithelial cells in virgin mice and during pregnancy and lactation. However, epithelial cell death and tissue remodeling were accelerated in the bcl-x conditional knockout mice during the first stage of involution. Concomitant deletion of the bax gene did not significantly modify the Bcl-x phenotype. Our results suggest that Bcl-x is not essential during mammopoiesis, but is critical for controlled apoptosis during the first phase of involution.
journal_name
Mech Devjournal_title
Mechanisms of developmentauthors
Walton KD,Wagner KU,Rucker EB 3rd,Shillingford JM,Miyoshi K,Hennighausen Ldoi
10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00549-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-12-01 00:00:00pages
281-93issue
2eissn
0925-4773issn
1872-6356pii
S0925-4773(01)00549-4journal_volume
109pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In endothelial cells that form capillary-like structures in vitro a variety of genes is upregulated as we have demonstrated previously. In addition to well known genes, we also identified genes never described in endothelial cells before. Here, we report the further characterization of one selected gene called cystein...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00355-6
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using the epidermis-specific cytokeratin 14 promoter to deliver HGF exclusively from epidermal keratinocytes, we have examined the potential of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreted from the normal environment to control morphogenesis. The transgenic mice displayed a significant increase of the number of melanocytes...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00308-7
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factors controlling the differentiation of the multipotent embryonic lung endoderm and mesoderm are poorly understood. Recent evidence that Delta-like 1 (Dll1) and other genes in the Notch/Delta signaling pathway are expressed in the embryonic mouse lung suggests that this pathway is important for cell fate decisions ...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00432-9
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last years, several reports have established the notion that metabolism is not just a housekeeping process, but instead an active effector of physiological changes. The idea that the metabolic status may rule a wide range of phenomena in cell biology is starting to be broadly accepted. Thus, current development...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2018.02.004
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta2) plays a critical role in growth, differentiation and cell death, but its function in the developing cerebellum is still uncertain. In this study we analyzed the effects of TGF-beta2 on ex vivo developing cerebellar slice cultures. Proliferation of granule cell precursors p...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2004.10.012
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Fused (Fu) serine-threonine kinase and the Suppressor of fused (Su(fu)) product are part of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway both in embryos and in imaginal discs. In wing imaginal discs, the Hh signal induces Cubitus interruptus (Ci) accumulation and activates patched (ptc) and decapentaplegic (dpp) expression...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00130-0
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medaka is an ideal model system for developmental studies as it combines the advantages of powerful genetics and classical embryology. Due to the accessibility, transparency and fast development, embryogenesis and morphogenesis can be followed in vivo. Microscopic time-lapse imaging, however, requires the immobilizati...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2004.03.016
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a large-scale gene expression screen 1765 randomly picked cDNAs were analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization in Xenopus embryos. Two hundred and seventy three unique, differentially expressed genes were identified, 204 of which are novel in Xenopus. Partial DNA sequences and expression patterns were documente...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00115-4
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four genes - deltaA, deltaB, deltaC and deltaD - coding for homologues of the Notch ligand Delta have been discovered in zebrafish (Haddon et al., 1998b). We report here the cDNA sequence and expression pattern of deltaC. Its closest relatives are deltaB and Xenopus X-Delta-2. Unlike deltaA, deltaB, and deltaD, deltaC...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00231-2
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteoglycans are cell surface and extracellular matrix molecules to which long, unbranched glycosaminoglycan side chains are attached. Heparan sulphate, a type of glycosaminoglycan chain, has been proposed as a co-factor necessary for signalling by a range of growth factors. Here we provide evidence that loss of 2-O-...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2003.08.008
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central nervous system (CNS) is vascularized by a dense capillary network that is critical to deliver oxygen and nutrients, and remove carbon dioxide and waste products, from the neural tissue. These blood vessels contain a series of properties, termed the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which distinguishes them from v...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2015.07.007
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maleless (mle) is essential in Drosophila melanogaster males both in somatic cells and in germ cells. In somatic cells mle is necessary for X-chromosome dosage compensation. The role of mle in the germline is unknown. We have analyzed the expression pattern and localization of MLE, the other MSLs and acetylated isofor...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00009-4
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes are associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). As angiotensin (Ang) II, the principal effector peptide growth factor of the RAS, stimulates ureteric bud (UB) branching in whole intact embryonic (E) metanephroi, defects in UB morph...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2011.07.002
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Terminal portions of the Drosophila body pattern are specified by an extracellular ligand generated at each end of the early syncytial embryo. This ligand triggers the localized transcription of two gap segmentation genes, tailles (tll) and huckebein (hkb) through a signal transduction cascade involving the receptor t...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0925-4773(94)90006-x
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have characterised the transdifferentiation of human HepG2 (hepatoma) cells to pancreatic cells following introduction of an activated version of the pancreatic transcription factor Pdx1 (XlHbox8-VP16). The following questions are addressed: (1) are all types of pancreatic cells produced? (2) is the requirement for...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2005.01.001
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Dan gene was first identified as the putative rat tumor suppressor gene and encodes a protein structurally related to Cerberus and Gremlin in vertebrates. Xenopus DAN, as with Cerberus and Gremlin, was demonstrated to block bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling by binding BMPs, and to be capable of inducing a...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00522-6
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Germ-line mutations of LKB1 and PTEN tumor suppressor genes underlie the phenotypically related Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) and Cowden disease (CD), respectively. To analyze possible developmental roles of PTEN and LKB1, we have studied their mRNA expression during mouse embryonic development (E7-17.5) by in situ hyb...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00050-7
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Drosophila, the homeotic gene Distal-less (Dll) has a fundamental role in the establishment of the identity of ventral appendages such as the leg and antenna. This study reports the expression pattern of Dll in the genital disc, the requirement of Dll activity for the development of the terminalia and the activatio...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00122-7
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The induction of sensory organ placodes, in particular the lens placode, represents the paradigm for induction. We show that medaka Sox3 is expressed in the neuroectoderm and in the placodes of all sensory organs prior to placode formation and subsequently in placode-derived tissues. Ectopic Sox3 expression leads to e...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00356-7
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The growth and patterning of Drosophila wing and notum primordia depend on their subdivision into progressively smaller domains by secreted signals that emanate from localized sources termed organizers. While the mechanisms that organize the wing primordium have been studied extensively, those that organize the notum ...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2012.05.001
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hsp47 is a heat-shock protein which interacts with newly synthesize procollagen chains in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of collagen-secreting cells and is thought to assist in procollagen triple helix assembly and subsequent transport to the cis-Golgi. This is supported by studies which have reported that genes encod...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(96)00626-0
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bHLH protein eHAND is a sensitive marker for cardiovascular precursors in the Xenopus embryo. The earliest site of expression is a broad domain within the lateral plate mesoderm of the tailbud embryo. This domain comprises precursors that contribute to the posterior cardinal veins in later stages. Surprisingly, ex...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00010-0
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood vessel maturation, which is characterized by the investment of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) around developing blood vessels, begins when vessels remodel into a hierarchy of proximal arteries and proximal veins that branch into smaller distal capillaries. The ultimate result of maturation is formation of ...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2019.02.002
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Craniofacial development is a highly conserved process that requires complex interactions between neural crest cells (NCCs) and pharyngeal tissues derived from all three germ layers. Signals emanating from the pharyngeal endoderm drive differentiation of NCCs into craniofacial cartilage, and disruption of this process...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2014.05.005
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ovotestis development in B6-XY(POS) mice provides a rare opportunity to study the interaction of the testis- and ovary-determining pathways in the same tissue. We studied expression of several markers of mouse fetal testis (SRY, SOX9) or ovary (FOXL2, Rspo1) development in B6-XY(POS) ovotestes by immunofluorescence, u...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2009.02.006
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dickkopf-1 (dkk-1) is member of a novel family of secreted proteins and functions in head induction during Xenopus embryogenesis, acting as a potent inhibitor of Wnt signalling. Here we report: (1) the isolation of two additional murine members of the dkk family, dkk-2 and dkk-3; and (2) analysis of adult and embryoni...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00138-0
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An important question in oocyte-mediated nuclear reprogramming is whether gene expression of the donor nucleus changes randomly or follows a pattern. Since cloned embryos are very heterogeneous and arrest frequently during preimplantation development, a random scenario is generally accepted. In the present study, we r...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2007.09.007
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The POU domain is a approximately 140 amino acid domain shared by several mammalian transcriptional activators. We have isolated genomic and cDNA clones from three Drosophila POU domain genes, designated pdm-1, pdm-2, and Cf1a. All three genes encode a conserved POU-specific domain and a POU homeo domain but are other...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0925-4773(91)90045-8
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::By means of subtractive and differential hybridization techniques we have identified a novel murine gene (1A13) the expression of which is developmentally regulated in the mouse brain. Comparison of the nucleotide and predicted protein sequence revealed closest relationship of 1A13 to human CoREST, a transcriptional c...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00477-4
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::High expression of the B1 Sox genes, Sox2 and Sox3, is associated with the development of definitive neural primordia, the neural plates, in early stage embryos. However, in the caudal lateral epiblast (CLE) where axial stem cells reside, Sox2 and Sox3 are expressed at low levels, together with Brachyury. Because axia...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2014.01.003
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00