Abstract:
:Insulin has emerged as an important neuropeptide. Central actions of insulin appear to oppose those in the periphery. Insulin is transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by a saturable transport system. The permeability of the BBB to insulin is altered by various events, but no studies exist that have examined the permeability of the BBB to insulin during infection or inflammation, states which can induce peripheral insulin resistance. We looked at the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin and a powerful cytokine releaser, on the permeability of the BBB to human insulin in CD-1 mice. Intraperitoneal injections of LPS significantly increased the uptake by the brain of 131I-insulin and disrupted the BBB to 125I-albumin. After subtraction of the brain/serum ratio for 125I-albumin, brain/serum ratios for insulin were increased: 10.38 +/- 0.70 microl/g (LPS) vs. 3.62 +/- 0.27 microl/g (no LPS), P<0.0001, showing that LPS increased the uptake of insulin independent of BBB disruption. This increase in insulin uptake was due to enhanced saturable transport. Pretreatment with indomethacin 10 min before LPS injections enhanced BBB disruption, but not insulin transport. Pretreatment with the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor aminoguanidine had no effect on insulin or albumin uptake, but pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) enhanced insulin transport, but not BBB disruption. We conclude that LPS increases the saturable transport of insulin across the BBB independent of disruption and prostaglandins with potentiation by NO inhibition. Such increased transport could potentiate the central effects of insulin and so contribute to the peripheral insulin resistance seen with infection and inflammation.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Xaio H,Banks WA,Niehoff ML,Morley JEdoi
10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03247-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-03-30 00:00:00pages
36-42issue
1-2eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
S0006-8993(00)03247-9journal_volume
896pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract::Ethanol caused a concentration-dependent loss of PC12 cells over a 24 h interval, accompanied by an increase in intracellular calcium. The specific alpha7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist DMXB attenuated both of these ethanol-induced actions at a concentration (3 microM) found previously to protect against apoptotic...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01153-6
更新日期:1999-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::Qualitative and computer-assisted analyses were performed on Golgi-impregnated neurons which were serially reconstructed in 3 dimensions. Analysis of the temporal pattern of growth indicated that the initial outgrowth, formation of the adult number of dendrites and virtually all dendritic branching occurred in the pre...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-3806(86)90192-6
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six cats were trained to eat while partially restrained and while thermal pulse stimuli (43-60 degrees C, 5 s duration) were delivered to the upper hindlimbs. Food and stimulus delivery were under programmed electronic control. The probability and latency of 3 natural, unlearned nocifensive behaviors were electronical...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91036-6
更新日期:1989-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the current study is to investigate the functional connections between the central histaminergic and cholinergic systems at NTS level in hypotensive condition. Experiments were carried out in male Wistar Albino rats. The hypotension was achieved by withdrawing a total volume of 1.5ml blood/100g bodyweig...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.047
更新日期:2016-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Dysfunction in the hypothalamic GABAergic system has been implicated in panic syndrome in humans. Furthermore, several studies have implicated the hypothalamus in the elaboration of pain modulation. Panic-prone states are able to be experimentally induced in laboratory animals to study this phenomenon. The aim of the ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.09.096
更新日期:2009-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of central and peripheral administration of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), on morphine hyperthermia was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The first series of experiments examined the effect of subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of L-NAME on the hyperthermia i...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02025-x
更新日期:2001-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::A classification of the parietal corticofugal neurons was performed in cats under Nembutal anesthesia. Eighty-eight neurons were identified with antidromic activation by the pontine stimulation. Thirteen neurons were furthermore identified with intracellular HRP staining. In these neurons, we found the close correlati...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90895-9
更新日期:1985-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years estradiol has emerged as a potential regulator of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) cationic channels in the peripheral tissues and sensory neurons, however, its analogous role in the CNS is poorly understood. TRPV channels modulate Ca2+ signalling, neurotransmission and behaviour, and expr...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.005
更新日期:2018-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) is a direct pathway from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Electrical stimulation of the optic nerve or optic chiasm activates the RHT and produces shifts in phase of a circadian rhythm in SCN neuron activity in rat hypothalamic slices in vitro. The phase response curv...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91118-c
更新日期:1993-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously demonstrated an absence of ovarian steroid negative feedback on pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) release between estrus and early diestrus 1 (D1) in the rat estrous cycle. The object of the present study was to determine if there was a steroid-independent endogenous opioid peptide (EOP) suppressio...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90902-4
更新日期:1987-07-28 00:00:00
abstract::Noxious stimulation of the leg increases hind limb blood flow (HBF) to the ipsilateral side and decreases to the contralateral in rat. Whether or not this asymmetrical response is due to direct control by sympathetic terminals or mediated by other factors such as local metabolism and hormones remains unclear. The aim ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2011.03.057
更新日期:2011-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::We have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the living rat brain to longitudinally analyze the ontogenesis of an ibotenic acid lesion targeted at the piriform cortex. The MRI data were systematically compared with data obtained from a battery of histopathological techniques, including Nissl stain, hematoxylin sta...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00058-3
更新日期:1996-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::The therapeutic effects of dextrorphan and ketamine, two non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, on neuropathic pain-related behaviors were examined in rats with peripheral mononeuropathy induced by loose ligation of the common sciatic nerve (chronic constrictive injury, CCI). Four daily intr...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91368-3
更新日期:1993-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::There are sex differences in the neurochemistry of brainstem nuclei that participate in the control of breathing as well as sex differences in respiratory responses to hypoxia. Central chemoreception refers to the detection within the brain of minute changes in carbon dioxide (CO(2)) levels and the subsequent modulati...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.037
更新日期:2010-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::The present investigation is aimed at studying the influence of the striate cortex (area 17 or V1) upon responses of area 18a. Electrical activity was recorded from neurons in area 18a through glass micropipettes. At the same time lidocaine hydrochloride was injected in the same retinotopic register of area 17. Forty ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91371-m
更新日期:1990-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Rd mutant mice are visually blind but they maintain the ability of synchronising their circadian rhythms to the external light-dark cycles. We used immunocytochemical procedures to detect light-induced Fos expression in the rd mice retina. We found that Fos is expressed in the rd retina in an unattenuated pattern thro...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01604-2
更新日期:1999-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Retinae taken from embryonic mice were transplanted to the brain of newborn rats. One eye was removed from the recipients at this time to promote innervation of host visual centers. After 4-6 weeks the optic nerve of the remaining eye was transected to eliminate all visual afferents of host origin and 4-6 days later t...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91338-h
更新日期:1990-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Male and female hooded rats were raised from weaning in either a complex or an isolated environment in two separate replications. After one month, the brains were Golgi-Cox stained and dendritic fields of dentate gyrus granule cells were quantified. There was a sex difference in response to the environment. Females ra...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90125-8
更新日期:1985-04-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An important part of the medical treatment of many cerebrovascular diseases is the occlusion of brain supplying arteries. Until now, the risk of this intervention can only be estimated by invasive diagnostics including the risk of cerebrovascular accidents. METHODS AND RESULTS:As a supporting tool, a comput...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.021
更新日期:2006-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Distribution of prolactin-releasing peptide-like immunoreactivity (PrRP-LI) was investigated in the rat medulla with the use of a rabbit polyclonal antiserum against the human PrRP-31 peptide. PrRP-positive neurons were noted mainly in two areas of the caudal medulla: ventrolateral reticular formation and commissural ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01153-1
更新日期:1999-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on intracranial pressure (ICP), blood pressure (BP) and plasma AVP were investigated in conscious goats. The animals were implanted with ventricular (V) and cisternal (C) cannulae under halothane anaesthesia and allowed to recover p...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90850-x
更新日期:1987-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::Abeta amyloidosis and tauopathy are characteristic changes in the brain of Alzheimer's disease. Although much evidence suggests that Abeta deposit is a critical initiation factor, the pathological pathway between Abeta amyloidosis and tau accumulation remains unclear. Tau accumulation was examined in the doubly transg...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.134
更新日期:2006-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal (postnatal days 8-21) exposure of rats to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), citalopram, results in persistent changes in behavior including decreased sexual activity in adult animals. We hypothesized that this effect was a consequence of abnormal stimulation of 5-HT(1A) and/or 5-HT(1B) recept...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.10.009
更新日期:2006-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::The addition of L-glutamic acid (Glu) alone, both Glu and glycine (Gly) or Glu/Gly/spermidine (SPD) was effective in potentiating [3H]5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10- imine (MK-801) binding before equilibrium to an ion channel associated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex in b...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91029-4
更新日期:1994-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, we performed immunohistochemical studies to investigate the changes of Bcl-2 and Bax in the central nervous system of the transgenic mice expressing a human Cu/Zn SOD mutation. In contrast to the controls, a high density of Bcl-2-IR astrocytes were detected all around the gray matter of the spina...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03014-6
更新日期:2000-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::The human neostriatum was found to contain large neurons (maximum diameter: 30-40 microns) that stain intensely for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). These neurons are few in number, representing less than 5% of the total striatal neuronal population, and appear uniformly scattered throughout the caudate nucleus and putame...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90663-2
更新日期:1984-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::Drug addiction is characterized by persistent relapse vulnerability during abstinence. In abstinent drug users, relapse is often precipitated by re-exposure to environmental contexts that were previously associated with drug use. This clinical scenario is modeled in preclinical studies using the context-induced reinst...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.004
更新日期:2015-12-02 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial neglect may involve neglect dyslexia resulting in a failure to identify words or parts of words in the contralesional hemispace. The present study explored a well-documented dissociation in neglect dyslexics' word processing, i.e. impaired reading aloud in the presence of good lexical decision performance for ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.069
更新日期:2008-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::Activity produced by direct microelectrophoretic application of glutamate onto 19 convergent neurones in trigeminal nucleus caudalis, was strongly depressed during and after the application of heterotopic noxious conditioning stimuli: noxious heat (52 degrees C) applied to the tail, noxious pinches applied to the tail...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90695-4
更新日期:1984-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells of the mammalian neocortex co-express the extracellular matrix protein Reelin and p73, a transcription factor involved in cell death and survival. Most neocortical CR cells derive from the cortical hem, with minor additional sources. We analyzed the distribution of Reelin and p73 immunoreactiv...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.11.015
更新日期:2007-02-09 00:00:00