Abstract:
:The activity of the endogenous retinal dopamine (DA) pathway has been examined in the pigmented rat using retinas obtained from normal adult (approximately 3 months) and senile adults (approximately 24 months) using an in vitro electrophysiological approach. By comparing the pharmacological sensitivity of the horizontal cells (HCs) to exogenous DA, a D1 receptor antagonist (SCH 23390) and a DA-transport inhibitor (nomifensine), it is suggested that there is a functional deficit in the endogenous DA activity in the senile retina. Cells recorded from retinae obtained from senile animals are more sensitive to exogenous DA, whilst the senile retina is insensitive to SCH 23390. In addition, nomifensine was effective in potentiating subthreshold DA applications, but only in the normal adult retina. The data may suggest that endogenous DA release upon the HCs and selective re-uptake are suppressed in these retinae. These functional deficits also appear to be associated with changes in the receptive fields of the HCs, suggesting there is a corresponding deficit in spatial processing at the outer plexiform layer (OPL) of the senile rat.
journal_name
Vis Neuroscijournal_title
Visual neuroscienceauthors
Hankins MWdoi
10.1017/s0952523800176035subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-11-01 00:00:00pages
839-45issue
6eissn
0952-5238issn
1469-8714pii
S0952523800176035journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The outer plexiform layer of the retina contains a neural circuit in which cone synaptic terminals are electrically coupled and release glutamate onto wide-field and narrow-field horizontal cells. These are also electrically coupled and feed back through a GABAergic synapse to cones. In cat this circuit's structure is...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800008440
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Starburst amacrine cells (SACs), the only acetylcholine (ACh)-releasing amacrine cells (ACs) in adult rabbit retina, contain GABA and are key elements in the retina's directionally selective (DS) mechanism. Unlike many other GABAergic ACs, they use glutamic acid decarboxlyase (GAD)(67), not GAD(65), to synthesize GABA...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523810000052
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the steady-state PERG in human subjects in response to red-green plaid patterns modulated either in luminance or in chromaticity or both. By varying the relative luminance of the red and green components, a value could be obtained at which the PERG amplitude was either minimum or locally maximum. This ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800003825
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four experiments were performed to assess the effects of ON channel blockade with the glutamate analog 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB) on brightness and contrast perception in monkeys. In Experiment 1, we demonstrate that stimuli brighter than background (incremental stimuli) appear less bright following ON channel ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380001107x
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of ATP on the activity of cGMP-gated channels from carp cone photoreceptors were studied. In 29% of the patches examined (N = 45), ATP (1 mM) enhanced a current evoked by cGMP (20 microM, up to about 100%), in 33%. ATP suppressed it by up to about 90%, and in the remaining 38%, ATP had no effect. ATP showed si...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012578
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lesion or inactivation of the superior colliculus (SC) of the cat results in an animal that fails to orient toward peripheral visual stimuli which normally evoke a brisk, reflexive orienting response. A failure to orient toward a visual stimulus could be the result of a sensory impairment (a failure to detect the visu...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380320609x
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In binocular vision, the lateral displacement of the eyes gives rise to both horizontal and vertical disparities between the images projected onto the left and right retinae. While it is well known that horizontal disparity is exploited by the binocular visual system of birds and mammals to enable depth perception, th...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380118404x
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the grating acuity and contrast sensitivity of cats whose eye position was monitored with a scleral search-coil technique. During each trial, the cat was required to maintain fixation on a laser spot and respond to the presence or the absence of a grating by pressing a right or left pedal. With this proced...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800010531
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent work has revealed multiple pathways for cross-orientation suppression in cat and human vision. In particular, ipsiocular and interocular pathways appear to assert their influence before binocular summation in human but have different (1) spatial tuning, (2) temporal dependencies, and (3) adaptation after-effect...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095252380808070X
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neighboring retinal ganglion cells often spike synchronously, but the possible function and mechanism of this synchrony is unclear. Recently, the strength of the fast correlation between ON-OFF directionally selective cells of the rabbit retina was shown to be stimulus dependent. Here, we extend that study, investigat...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523807070757
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychophysical research has documented the existence of three processes in light adaptation: a fast subtractive process, a divisive process that is fast at light onset and slower at light offset, and a very slow subtractive process (Hayhoe et al., 1987). In the neural model developed here, the fast subtractive process...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012098
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using autoradiographic and biochemical techniques, we studied the sodium-dependent forward and reverse transport of the neurotransmitter histamine in an arthropod photoreceptor in order to test whether the transporter plays a central role in visual signal transfer at this synapse. In particular, we asked whether the h...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523802193084
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much of what is currently known about the visual response of retinal bipolar cells is based on studies of rod-dominant responses to flashes in the dark in the isolated retina. This minireview summarizes quantitative findings on contrast processing in the intact light-adapted retina based on intracellular recording fro...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0952523810000313
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Receptive field organization of cone-driven bipolar cells was investigated by intracellular recording in the intact light-adapted retina of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). Centered spots and concentric annuli of optimum dimensions were used to selectively stimulate the receptive field center and surround wi...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523811000071
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::During adaptation to an increase in environmental luminance, retinal signaling adjustments are mediated by the neuromodulator dopamine. Retinal dopamine is released with light and can affect center-surround receptive fields, the coupling state between neurons, and inhibitory pathways through inhibitory receptors and n...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523819000129
更新日期:2020-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::In previous experiments we established that a light flash reduced cGMP levels of toad rod outer segments within the transduction time interval, but that recovery of the dark level of cGMP occurred more slowly than reported electrophysiological recovery of membrane potential. We now report that a second light flash acc...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800003230
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population-based studies of retinal neurons have helped to reveal their natural types in mammals and teleost fishes. In this, the first such study in a frog, labeled ganglion cells of the mesobatrachian Xenopus laevis were examined in flatmounts. Cells with large somata and thick dendrites could be divided into three ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380001155x
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the effects of inactivation of localized sites in area 17 on the visual responses of cells in visuotopically corresponding regions of area 18. Experiments were performed on adult normal cats. The striate cortex was inactivated by the injection of nanoliters of lidocaine hydrochloride or of gamma-a...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800001826
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of freely-flying honeybees to track moving targets was examined by training them to collect a reward on a target, and then videotaping their approach to the target while it was in motion. Training experiments were carried out with several groups of bees, using various colors for the target and the backgrou...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800004582
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Saccadic suppression is the reduced visibility that occurs during saccadic eye movements. Recent psychophysical studies have suggested that this is due to a reduction in responsiveness of magnocellular (M), but not parvocellular (P), cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus. To address this and other phenomena of respo...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523801182106
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human visual system is remarkably tolerant to degradation in image resolution: human performance in scene categorization remains high no matter whether low-resolution images or multimegapixel images are used. This observation raises the question of how many pixels are required to form a meaningful representation o...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080930
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visual responsiveness and spatial tuning of frontal eye field (FEF) neurons were determined using a delayed memory saccade task. Neurons with visual responses were then tested for direction selectivity using moving random dot patterns centered in the visual receptive field. The preferred axis of motion showed a si...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806231055
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanisms that mediate the calcium influx in mammalian horizontal cells were studied. Horizontal cells (HCs) enzymatically dissociated from the rabbit retina were recorded by the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique and by calcium image ratioespectrophotometry of Fura-2 loaded cells. AMPA-preferring ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study used the swept spatial-frequency method to compare retinal and cortical acuity in anesthetized young adult rhesus monkeys. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and pattern electroretinographic responses (PERGs) were recorded from 25 monkeys (age range: 4-12 years) anesthetized with a continuous infusion of propo...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523899164010
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many cell types in the retina are coupled via gap junctions and so there is a pressing need for a potent and reversible gap junction antagonist. We screened a series of potential gap junction antagonists by evaluating their effects on dye coupling in the network of A-type horizontal cells. We evaluated the following c...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523807070472
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the pigeon visual system was studied during the first 9 days after hatching using a mouse monoclonal antibody, mAb 3A12, to glutaraldehyde linked GABA (Matute & Streit, 1986). GABA-like immunoreactivity was seen in cell bodies as well as in neuropil at the level of bot...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800009846
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reduction of blood flow to the rat retina was achieved by either clamping both carotid arteries briefly (24 min) or combining clamping of the carotid arteries with permanent occlusion of the vertebral arteries. Analysis of retinas 6 days after operations showed that GFAP immunoreactivity is expressed throughout the re...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800010427
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of this work was to provide a detailed quantitative description of the receptive-field properties of one of the types of rarely encountered retinal ganglion cells of cat; the cell named the Q-cell by Enroth-Cugell et al. (1983). Quantitative comparisons are made between the discharge statistics and between th...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800007975
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thresholds for detection of light by a dark-adapted test eye were measured while the other, non-test eye was either similarly dark adapted or while it was exposed to an intense red adapting field. An interocular effect that depends on the retinal location of the test was found: compared to the threshold during binocul...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800005095
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The large receptive fields of retinal horizontal cells are thought to reflect extensive electrical coupling via gap junctions. It was shown recently that the biotinylated tracers, biocytin and Neurobiotin, provide remarkable images of coupling between many types of retinal neuron, including horizontal cells. Further, ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800009524
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00