Abstract:
:Glucose-induced insulin secretion is pulsatile. Glucose metabolism generates oscillations in the ATP/ADP ratio which lead to opening and closing of ATP-sensitive K(+)-channels producing subsequent oscillations in membrane potential, cytoplasmic calcium and insulin release. Metabolic signals derived from glucose can also stimulate insulin release independent of their effects on ATP-sensitive K(+)-channels. The ATP/ADP ratio may mediate both ATP-sensitive K(+)-channel-dependent and -independent pathways of secretion. Glucose metabolism also results in an increase in long-chain acyl-CoA, which is proposed to act as an effector molecule in the beta -cell. Long-chain acyl-CoA has a variety of effects in the beta -cell that may effect insulin secretion including opening ATP-sensitive K(+)-channels, activating endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPases and stimulating classical protein kinase C activity. In addition to stimulating insulin release, nutrients also effect gene expression, protein synthesis and beta -cell proliferation. Gene expression is effected by nutrient induction of a variety of immediate early response genes. Glucose stimulates proinsulin biosynthesis both at the translational and transcriptional level. beta -cell proliferation, as a result of insulin-like growth factor and growth hormone mitogenic pathways, is also glucose dependent. Thus, many beta -cell functions in addition to secretion are controlled by nutrient metabolism.
journal_name
Semin Cell Dev Bioljournal_title
Seminars in cell & developmental biologyauthors
Deeney JT,Prentki M,Corkey BEdoi
10.1006/scdb.2000.0175subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-08-01 00:00:00pages
267-75issue
4eissn
1084-9521issn
1096-3634pii
S1084-9521(00)90175-7journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Autophagy, an evolutional conserved lysosomal degradation process, has been implicated to play an important role in cellular defense against a variety of microbial infection. Interestingly, numerous studies found that some pathogens, especially positive-single-strand RNA viruses, actually hijacked autophagy machinery ...
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abstract::Two neurotrophins and their two receptors appear to regulate the survival of vestibular and cochlear neurons in the developing ear. Mice lacking either brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or its associated receptor, Trk B, show a severe reduction in the number of vestibular neurons and a loss of all innervation t...
journal_title:Seminars in cell & developmental biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cell & developmental biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cell & developmental biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cell & developmental biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cell & developmental biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cell & developmental biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cell & developmental biology
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abstract::Multiple dimensions of genome organization play critical roles in the regulation of non-coding regions in gene expression in cell/organ development and pathogenesis. Precise measurements of multi-dimensional genome structure ensure data quality and fully depend upon the study design. We here overview the number of met...
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abstract::gamma-Secretase is a membrane-embedded proteolytic complex composed of presenilin and three other subunits. The gamma-secretase complex generates the amyloid beta-peptide of Alzheimer's disease but also plays important roles in normal physiology, especially in signaling from the Notch receptor. How this hydrolytic enz...
journal_title:Seminars in cell & developmental biology
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abstract::The retrograde trafficking from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is one of the major endocytic pathways to divert proteins and lipids away from lysosomal degradation. Retrograde transported cargos enter the TGN via two itineraries from either the early endosome/recycling endosome or the late endosome and inv...
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abstract::Polycystic kidney disease (PKD), comprising autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), is characterized by incessant cyst formation in the kidney and liver. ADPKD and ARPKD represent the leading genetic causes of renal disease in adults and children,...
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