Abstract：
:Thiopental is a racemate of equimolar R- and S-thiopental enantiomers that have different potencies in laboratory experiments. We measured concentrations of R- and S-thiopental in plasma, tissues and brain microdialysate of rats after computer-controlled infusion of thiopental i.v. to a plasma concentration of 40 micrograms ml-1 for 20 min in two pharmacokinetic studies. In study 1, animals were found to maintain their target plasma concentrations, which then decayed biphasically after infusion. Brain microdialysate concentrations of both enantiomers increased from about 3% of corresponding plasma concentrations at 1 min to 9% at 20 min. In study 2, thiopental concentrations were found to be highest at 20 min in CNS tissue, at 30 min in muscle and at 60 min in fat. Tissue:plasma distribution coefficients of R-thiopental were greater than those of S-thiopental when calculated from total or unbound plasma concentrations. We found no pharmacokinetic evidence to support differences between the thiopental enantiomers in rates of equilibration across the blood-brain barrier after infusion of rac-thiopental.
journal_name
Br J Anaesthjournal_title
British journal of anaesthesiaauthors
Mather LE,Edwards SR,Duke CC,Cousins MJdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.bja.a013385subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-01 00:00:00pages
67-73issue
1eissn
0007-0912issn
1471-6771pii
S0007-0912(17)38234-Xjournal_volume
84pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In order to clarify the relative contribution of hepatic metabolism to the short term disposition of methohexitone, we have measured hepatic blood flow during induction of anaesthesia with a 1.5-mg kg-1 i.v. bolus dose of methohexitone. Median hepatic clearance was 1.01 litre min-1 and hepatic extraction 87%. As a con...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/69.5.478
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MHS and normal pigs were anaesthetized with nitrous oxide and diazepam. Halothane 1% was then administered for 1 hr. Immediately before and immediately after the halothane inhalation, 10 g of vastus lateralis muscle was excised. SR was isolated from this muscle. Calcium accumulation by the MHS sarcoplasmic reticulum i...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/47.6.650
更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the effects of alfentanil administered intrathecally on somatosympathetic reflexes evoked by stimulation of radial and tibial nerves in 10 anaesthetized and paralysed dogs. In five animals, alfentanil was administered in doses of 100, 100, 200 and 400 micrograms in 0.8 ml and 800 micrograms in 1.6 ml p...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/68.5.503
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated, in six healthy male volunteers, the effect of high thoracic extradural anaesthesia on the ventilatory pattern and hypercapnic ventilatory response. Ventilatory variables were determined using a respiratory inductive plethysmograph. Duration of inspiration, rib cage excursion and its contribution ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/62.4.362
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The respiratory effects of a new strong analgesic, meptazinol, were compared with a placebo and with equianalgesic doses of morphine and pentazocine in a double-blind crossover trial in seven healthy volunteers. No significant change in the ventilatory response to rebreathing carbon dioxide was observed after meptazin...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/51.6.497
更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A possible means of rapid cooling in the emergency treatment of malignant hyperpyrexia, peritoneal dialysis using a cold dialysate, is described. Experimental observations in a young man on a regular peritoneal dialysis regime showed that significant heat extraction can be obtained when either a cool (20 degrees C) or...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/48.5.469
更新日期：1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some recipients of isolated, orthotopic lung transplants have now survived to leave hospital with greatly improved quality of life. Inevitably, the successful demonstration of the feasibility of these operations means that transplant centres throughout the world may wish to participate in a lung transplant programme. ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/61.4.468
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The efficacy of nitroglycerine, verapamil and nifedipine in controlling post-sternotomy hypertension was compared in four groups of 20 patients anaesthetized with fentanyl 100 micrograms kg-1 undergoing elective coronary artery surgery. Vasodilators were started before surgery and adjusted to maintain systolic arteria...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/58.3.267
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This case series presents 10 patients undergoing vascular surgery with asymptomatic elevated high-sensitivity troponin T concentrations, measured at outpatient clinic before surgery. Patients were included in the RAVE (Rotterdam Antiplatelet therapy in Vascular patiEnts) pilot study. All included patients underwent co...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.bja.2019.08.013
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method for the assessment and management of factors both causing and maintaining a primary metabolic alkalosis is presented. During a 2-year period 65 patients with metabolic alkalosis were treated with saline and potassium chloride infusions. In four patients the alkalosis was refractory and required additional the...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/49.8.811
更新日期：1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A significantly increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) with the prophylactic use of aprotinin has been reported in adults undergoing cardiac surgery, but not in children. Blood product transfusions have also been shown to carry an independent risk of AKI. The present study assessed associations between ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aes002
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we investigated the effect of adding meperidine 10 mg to intrathecal bupivacaine on the duration of early postoperative analgesia in 40 patients having elective Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. METHODS:Patients received intrath...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/88.3.379
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the complications associated with three techniques used to maintain extradural analgesia in labour: midwife top-up doses of 0.25% bupivacaine 10 ml, continuous infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine 10 ml h-1 and patient-controlled extradural analgesia (PCEA) with self-administered 3-ml bolus doses of 0.25% bu...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/73.5.619
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nociceptin/orphanin FQ, N/OFQ, and its receptor NOP represent a non-opioid branch of the opioid superfamily that were first studied for their effects on pain responses. Both N/OFQ and NOP are involved in a wide range of 'non-pain' responses including immunomodulation and cardiovascular control. There is now growing in...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/aeq337
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A double-blind randomized trial was conducted to compare etidocaine, the new local anaesthetic agent, with bupivacaine. One hundred patients were each given a single dose of one of the drugs during the surgical induction of labour. The results showed that etidocaine had a quicker onset of action than bupivacaine, but ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/47.12.1305
更新日期：1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied 133 women given a combined spinal-epidural for analgesia in labour. The initial intrathecal dose contained bupivacaine 2.5 mg with fentanyl 25 micrograms. When the mothers were comfortable, they were allocated randomly to one of three groups: continuous infusion (group Cl, n = 46), midwife top-ups (group MW...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/82.2.233
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated the effect of four doses of remifentanil on the incidence of respiratory depression and somatic response at incision. Remifentanil was administered as a loading dose of 0.125, 0.25, 0.375 or 0.5 microgram kg-1 and at a maintenance infusion rate of 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 or 0.1 microgram kg-1 min-1, re...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/80.4.509
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pain on injection of propofol is unpleasant. We hypothesized that propofol infusion pain might be prevented by infusing remifentanil before starting the propofol infusion in a clinical setting where target-controlled infusions (TCI) of both drugs were used. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-co...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/aem293
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The oxygen delivery (DO2) and consumption (VO2) relationship in brain-dead organ donors is unknown. Therefore, in a prospective study, we determined the DO2/VO2 relationship in 21 consecutive brain-dead patients. Patients were allocated to one of two groups, according to plasma lactate concentration: normal (group NL,...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/76.6.783
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Successful tracheal intubation with the flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope requires a certain amount of skill which is acquired by practice. It has been suggested that the new Bullard laryngoscope may be mastered more easily. To determine if learning was superior with a flexible fibreoptic or the Bullard device, the eas...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/65.2.268
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have compared the viability criteria of muscle bundles used in the in vitro contracture test for susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia (MH) in a group of 28 patients with various neuromuscular diseases (NMD) and 93 MH-related family patients. In the patients with NMD, this standard test gave one positive, six eq...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/72.1.93
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Microalbuminuria, often referred to as the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), is thought to be a reflection of increased capillary permeability associated with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and has been found to be predictive of outcome in several studies. Therefore, we explored the usefu...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/ael211
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There has been increasing use of invasive techniques, such as extracorporeal organ support, in intensive care units (ICU), and declining autopsy rates. Thus, new measures are needed to maintain high-quality standards. We investigated the potential of computed tomography (CT)-based virtual autopsy to substitu...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bja.2018.02.031
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Beta-adrenergic agonists enhance behavioural and electroencephalographic arousal reactions. We explored whether adding esmolol, a short-acting beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, to propofol anaesthesia modified the bispectral index (BIS) during induction of anaesthesia and orotracheal intubation. METHODS:Fift...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/aef275
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thoracic imaging is regularly performed on the majority of critical care patients. Conventionally, this uses a combination of plain radiography and computed tomography. There is growing enthusiasm for the use of ultrasound to replace much of this radiology and provide more immediate, point-of-care imaging with reducti...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/aet076
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and low cerebral blood flow (CBF) are associated with ischaemia and poor outcome after brain injury. Therefore, many management protocols target these parameters. This overview summarizes the technical aspects of ICP and CBF monitoring, and their role in the clinical management of br...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/ael110
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of i.m. dexmedetomidine 1.0 micrograms kg-1, a new alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, were compared with those of i.m. midazolam 0.08 mg kg-1 and placebo on vigilance, anaesthetic requirements, haemodynamic state and plasma catecholamine concentrations in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in 107 healthy (...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/67.4.402
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, may cause significant disturbances in carbon dioxide transport and elimination. In this study, end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring has been used to study the correlation between arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PE'CO2) in rabb...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/73.2.225
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vitro halothane and caffeine contracture tests have been performed on muscle tissue from six survivors of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The results, which are expressed in accordance with the criteria of the European MH Group, defined five of the subjects as MHN and one patient as MHE. It is concluded tha...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/59.12.1554
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Isoflurane has been reported to induce caspase-3 activation, which may induce neurotoxicity and contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown, especially whether or not isoflurane can induce ryanodine receptors (RyRs)-associated endoplasmic reticu...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aeu053
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
