Abstract:
:Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and low cerebral blood flow (CBF) are associated with ischaemia and poor outcome after brain injury. Therefore, many management protocols target these parameters. This overview summarizes the technical aspects of ICP and CBF monitoring, and their role in the clinical management of brain-injured patients. Furthermore, some applications of these methods in current research are highlighted. ICP is typically measured using probes that are inserted into one of the lateral ventricles or the brain parenchyma. Therapeutic measures used to control ICP have relevant side-effects and continuous monitoring is essential to guide such therapies. ICP is also required to calculate cerebral perfusion pressure which is one of the most important therapeutic targets in brain-injured patients. Several bedside CBF monitoring devices are available. However, most do not measure CBF but rather a parameter that is thought to be proportional to CBF. Frequently used methods include transcranial Doppler which measures blood flow velocity and may be helpful for the diagnosis and monitoring of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage or jugular bulb oximetry which gives information on adequacy of CBF in relation to the metabolic demand of the brain. However, there is no clear evidence that incorporating data from CBF monitors into our management strategies improves outcome in brain-injured patients.
journal_name
Br J Anaesthjournal_title
British journal of anaesthesiaauthors
Steiner LA,Andrews PJdoi
10.1093/bja/ael110subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-07-01 00:00:00pages
26-38issue
1eissn
0007-0912issn
1471-6771pii
S0007-0912(17)35180-2journal_volume
97pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Using cats with chronically implanted brain electrodes, we have compared the effects of propofol on CNS electrical activities with those of thiopentone. Ten cats were allocated to receive either propofol (n = 5) or thiopentone (n = 5). Cats were anaesthetized initially with 4% halothane in oxygen. The trachea was intu...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/71.3.383
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies with an emulsion formulation of ICI 35 868 (2,6- diisopropylphenol ) indicate that this new formulation has anaesthetic properties in rats and mice, and haemodynamic effects in the mini-pig which are similar to those of the previously available Cremophor formulation. Administration of the emulsion formulation ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/56.6.617
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Volume loading with crystalloid solution results in more pronounced haemodilution in patients who develop arterial hypotension during induction of extradural anaesthesia than in those who remain normotensive. The aim of this study was to describe the time course of this increase in haemodilution. Heart rate, systolic ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/77.2.223
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forty patients who had undergone coronary artery graft surgery and who required vasodilator therapy for postoperative hypertension were given infusions of either alfentanil or morphine together with bolus doses of midazolam for sedation and analgesia while ventilation was controlled artificially. Sodium nitroprusside ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/61.6.669
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is considerable evidence that the use of tidal volumes <6 ml kg(-1) predicted body weight (PBW) reduces mortality in mechanically ventilated patients. We evaluated the effectiveness of using a large screen displaying delivered tidal volume in ml kg(-1) (PBW) for reducing tidal volumes. METHODS:We asse...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/aev110
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Individual patient information from clinical trials is infrequently available, but can provide insights for clinical trials and practice. METHODS:We analysed individual patient information from five randomized trials (913 patients) of i.v. patient-controlled analgesia (IVPCA) plus epidural placebo, morphine...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/bja/aep300
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a randomized, double-blind study, we have examined the stereoselective disposition and pharmacodynamic characteristics of ketamine in surgical patients after i.v. administration of S(+)-ketamine 1 mg/kg body weight (25 patients) or racemic ketamine 2 mg/kg body weight (25 patients). S(+)-Ketamine was not inverted t...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/70.6.666
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is increasingly used intraoperatively in infants undergoing cardiac surgery. This phase 1 multicentre study sought to: (i) determine the safety of DEX for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass; (ii) determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of DEX; (iii) create a PK model and dosing for...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.bja.2019.06.026
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We previously demonstrated that i.v. emulsified isoflurane induces general anaesthesia in animals. In this study, we compared the pharmacokinetics of emulsified isoflurane given as i.v. bolus and as infusion in beagle dogs. METHODS:Sixteen beagle dogs were assigned randomly to a bolus group comprising three...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/aes311
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro experiments on the rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation, stimulated directly or indirectly with supramaximal impulses at 0.1 Hz revealed that pethidine in concentrations greater than 5 micrograms ml-1 caused a rapid increase of the twitch. This was maximal (60% increase during direct and 70% increase d...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/56.2.195
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma concentrations of pancuronium were measured in nine patients undergoing surgery because of total biliary obstruction. When compared with the averaged model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters obtained for normal patients, the terminal half-life of 270 min was more than twice normal (132 min, P less than 0.00...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/49.11.1103
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following a paravertebral surgical incision, mature, female rats under ether anaesthesia were exposed to either 3% nitrous oxide, continuously for 48 h, or 50% nitrous oxide, 4 h each day for 7 days. For each exposure group, a similar number of rats was exposed to atmospheres containing no nitrous oxide. Wound healing...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/57.6.621
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nausea and vomiting occur commonly during and after Caesarean delivery (CD) performed under neuraxial anaesthesia. Metoclopramide is a prokinetic agent reported to be safe in parturients. This meta-analysis assesses the efficacy of metoclopramide for prophylaxis against intra- and postoperative nausea and vomiting (IO...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/bja/aer509
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have assessed the role of the cell-cell adhesion molecule, E-cadherin, in the pathogenesis of multiorgan failure in 24 intensive care patients with sepsis and varying degrees of organ dysfunction, compared with 21 healthy subjects. Plasma soluble E-cadherin (sE-cadherin) was measured by enzyme immunoassay. The medi...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/76.5.629
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In theory, setting an infrared multi-gas analyser to measure a volatile anaesthetic different from that in the sampled gas mixture may cause interference with carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide readings. The theory was investigated during evaluation of the Dräger Cicero EM anaesthetic workstation for the Medical Devices...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/76.5.737
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 39-year-old male suffered a closed chest deceleration injury. He presented with clinical and radiological signs consistent with trauma to the thoracic aorta, but also developed sinus bradycardia which was relieved by drainage of a haemothorax. The possible mechanisms of the changes in heart rate are discussed and di...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/72.3.358
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resperatory compliance and resistance were measured during positive pressure ventilation in anaesthtized, paralysed dogs. Airway pressures measured during constant-flow inspiration allowed the calculation of pulmonary and chest-wall resistances, and static and non-static compliances. Contiguous studies of dynamic comp...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/48.12.1157
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the interaction between paracetamol (acetaminophen U.S.P.) and enflurane. Sixteen rats were assigned to four groups (n = 4) to receive: paracetamol 7.5 mg/100 g body weight; paracetamol plus 1% enflurane; 1% enflurane alone, or no treatment (controls). Animals were killed 6 h later. A second series of 16 we...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/62.4.429
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The action of halothane on the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to unilateral alveolar hypoxia was studied in two groups of dogs. In the first group the redistribution of blood flow between the two lungs was studied with a radioactive isotope method, which provided intermittent measurements, whilst in the second gro...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/50.12.1185
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Loss of resistance dorsal to the ligamentum flavum was recorded in 10 of 16 patients aged 43--75 yr whilst performing extradural anaesthesia at the L2--3 interspace via the midline approach. Degeneration of the interspinous ligament with cavity formation is observed frequently in the elderly and may account for false ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/51.3.253
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of ketamine analgesia on gastric emptying was assessed in five healthy volunteers. Gastric emptying, estimated indirectly by the absorption of orally administered paracetamol, was not significantly delayed following administration of i.m. ketamine when compared with placebo. ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/53.12.1321
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief of British Journal of Anaesthesia. The study is retracted for the following reasons: Statistical analysis suggests t...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,撤回出版物
doi:10.1016/j.bja.2018.11.007
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied 60 patients undergoing operation on the kidney with combined general and epidural anaesthesia, in a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Patients were allocated to receive a preoperative bolus dose of ketamine 10 mg i.v., followed by an i.v. infusion of ketamine 10 mg h-1 for 48 h after operation, or...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/81.5.707
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::One hundred years after Morton's demonstration of the anaesthetic effects of ether, T. Cecil Gray revolutionized anaesthesia with his introduction of balanced general anaesthesia. Gray's technique involved i.v. induction, administration of a neuromuscular blocking agent (curare), tracheal intubation, controlled ventil...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/aer117
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accuracy of five new oxygen and nitrous oxide flowmeter units was investigated using the bubble meter method. The results were compared with those previously found in flowmeters withdrawn from clinical use. New oxygen flowmeters demonstrated less inaccuracies than old flowmeters. No differences were found between ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/52.1.97
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We measured the effect of two weight adjusted i.v. doses (0.2 mg per 70 kg and 0.4 mg per 70 kg) of the potent opioid buprenorphine on analgesia and respiratory depression in healthy volunteers. The aim of the study was to compare buprenorphine's behaviour with respect to the occurrence of ceiling (or appare...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/ael051
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:As 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.40 or 130/0.42 can originate from different vegetable sources, they might have different clinical effects. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial was to compare two balanced tetrastarch solutions, one maize-derived and one potato-deriv...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/aew249
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We calculated oxygen consumption by the reverse Fick principle (cVO2) using cardiac output measured with a new technique of continuous thermal dilution and compared these values with measurements made at the same time using a gas exchange method (mVO2). We studied nine patients in a stable condition after cardiac surg...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/75.6.719
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have measured the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients at 37 degrees C of two steroidal myoneural blockers (pancuronium and vecuronium) and of their 3-hydroxy metabolites over a pH range from 1.5 to 11. Pancuronium was found not to be lipid soluble. The mean distribution coefficient of 3-hydroxy vecuronium at ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/70.5.579
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory mass spectrometry and on-line computation were used to estimate lung volume in normal subjects by a rebreathing technique, using oxygen, nitrogen and argon as indicators. The computation had previously been tested in a numerical model. In real normal lungs, it performed well enough for practical purposes, ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/56.5.509
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00