Abstract：
:This paper describes the general design and main results of the Italian proficiency testing program for the analysis of psychoactive substances in urine, a long-term initiative created in 1995 on an educational basis and characterized by an innovative internet-based service for data exchange between laboratories and the organizing body. Batches of six urine samples, validated by reference laboratories, are sent every 3 months to participating laboratories, which may choose which classes of substances to test from those planned by the program panel and, within those classes, which type of analytical commitment to work on: identification of just one class (Option 1), identification of single substances (Option 2), or identification and quantification of single substances (Option 3). Comprehensive periodical reports and annual reports are provided to participants with evaluation of their performance and an annual workshop is organized to discuss technical-scientific topics related to clinical, forensic and analytical toxicology. About 200 laboratories currently participate in the program and a total of 67,059 analyses have been carried out since 1995. The mean percentage of correct results was 96.8%, with a yearly improvement of about 0.4%. The best average false positive and false negative rates were obtained for methadone (0.2% and 2.1% respectively) and cocaine (0.3% and 2.2%). The worst average false positive rates were obtained for amphetamines and opiates (3.2% and 5.0%) and worst average false negative rates for amphetamines, barbiturates and cannabinoids (17.4%, 30.7% and 19.9%).
journal_name
Int J Legal Medjournal_title
International journal of legal medicineauthors
Ferrara SD,Brusini G,Maietti S,Frison G,Castagna F,Allevi S,Menegus AM,Tedeschi Ldoi
10.1007/s004140050279subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-01-01 00:00:00pages
50-4issue
1eissn
0937-9827issn
1437-1596journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The accuracy of forensic age estimation based on the chronology of second (M2) and third molar (M3) development was investigated using 2,087 orthopantomograms of Korean men and women aged between 3 and 23 years. The developmental stages of M2s and M3s in these subjects were classified using the criteria of Demirjian. ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-010-0513-x
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inferring an unknown DNA's ancestry using a set of ancestry-informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in forensic science is useful to provide investigative leads. This is especially true when there is no DNA database match or specified suspect. Thus, a set of SNPs with highly robust and balanced differential...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-018-1863-z
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Postmortem ethanol formation is a well-known problem in forensic toxicology. The aim of this study was to interpret findings of ethanol in blood, in a large collection of forensic autopsy cases, by use of the nonoxidative ethanol metabolites, ethyl glucuronide (EtG), and ethyl sulfate (EtS). In this study, according t...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-014-1031-z
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The case of a man's death as a consequence of an accident with a mountain bike was examined. Despite only slight external injuries, a general examination revealed the existence of a rupture of the diaphragm which was the ultimate cause of death. The discussion reconstructs the way the accident occurred and briefly ana...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140100237
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the fundamental questions in forensic medicine and anthropology is whether or not a bone or bone fragment is human. Surprisingly at times for the extreme degradation of the bone (charred, old), DNA cannot be successfully performed and one must turn to other methods. Histological analysis at times can be propose...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-018-1781-0
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), its epimer iso-LSD, and its main metabolites nor-LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD in blood, urine, and, for the first time, vitreous humor samples. The method is based on liquid/liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-mu...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-006-0078-x
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A chimera is an organism whose cells derive from two or more distinct zygote lineages. and therefore two different blood cell populations circulate in one individual. To point out the potential pitfalls in forensic analysis, a set of triplets (a girl and two boys) who revealed blood chimerism was investigated with fou...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140050263
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, blood samples of 984 unrelated Han individuals were collected from Dongfang, Southern China, after informed consent. A total of 29 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) were analyzed, including DYF387S1, DYS19, DYS385ab, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS43...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-018-1899-0
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The formation of skull fractures is an important topic in legal medicine. In particular, the influence of boundary conditions is controversially discussed in the literature. A study focusing solely on this aspect was missing. This study aimed to investigate the influence of boundary conditions on the energy threshold ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-019-02023-2
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case report of a 25-year-old man who committed suicide by intravenous injection himself of an aqueous home-made castor bean extract is presented. The patient was hospitalized and treated symptomatically and was released at its own request fourth day after intoxication. The next day, the patient's condition deteriora...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-020-02340-x
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe new primers for the detection of the STR polymorphism at the CSF1PO locus. These primers have been designed to produce shorter amplicons (150-182 bp) than the primers in standard use (295-327 bp). The reliability of the new primers for CSF1PO typing has been demonstrated by testing on known samples and by ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02441025
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A block of an injury instrument will be left in wounds sometimes, and the suspect instrument can be discriminated by comparison with the block that was left through elemental analysis. In this study, three brands (Shibazi, Zhangxiaoquan, Qiaoxifu) of kitchen knives with forged, chop, and slice application series were ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-013-0829-4
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present research is to study the radiographic visibility of the periodontal ligament in third molars from a northern Chinese population to determine if this methodology could be used for the 18-year threshold. A total of 1300 conventional orthopantomograms from 650 males and 650 females of northern ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1664-9
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carisoprodol is commonly prescribed as a centrally acting muscle relaxant, but it is also subject to abuse. The literature describing fatal intoxications with the drug is limited to a relatively small number of cases, and there are inconsistencies with regard to which concentration levels that are toxic. We therefore ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-006-0139-1
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alleles of the STR systems HumFES/FPS, HumVWA and HumD21S11 were sequenced and analyzed. Sequence data revealed 3 different systems concerning the complexity of their sequence structure. HumFES/FPS belongs to the STR polymorphism with a simple repeat structure. Only 2 subtypes were found with a base substitution in th...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01224779
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the most fundamental issues in forensic anthropology is the determination of sex and population affinity based on various skeletal elements. Therefore, we compared the sexual dimorphism of the upper facial skeleton from a recent Czech population (twenty-first century) with that of a population from Early Modern...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1625-3
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The yaw angle in flight of high velocity bullets has been discussed for a number of years, due to its contribution to the tumbling of the bullet in the target. Since few unclassified reports of contemporary bullets are available, we investigated the yaw angles of the bullets used in the M16A2, G3, AK-47 and AK-74 rifl...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01225601
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple tooth development staging techniques were reported based on arbitrarily set borderlines between succeeding stages. Anatomic tooth features or predictions of future tooth part dimensions were described to identify the thresholds between the established stages. The need to predict mature tooth dimensions, while...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-014-1011-3
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The measurement of the myeloperoxidase activity was used to quantify the acute granulocyte reaction. A 35% loss of blood resulted in a clear decrease of the myeloperoxidase activity at the edges of experimental incision wounds in rat skin in the first day after inflicting the wounds. After 12 h only about one-third an...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140050101
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bullet velocity is a basic parameter in wound ballistics studies. It is usually measured electronically by means of a variety of solid or photoelectric barriers connected to equipment measuring the time elapsing between impulses, enabling the velocity to be calculated. With the advent of Doppler radar velocity measure...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01247266
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA typing of cellular debris from perforating bullets was investigated following shooting experiments. A total of 14 perforating gunshots were fired into 9 calves. PCR typing of tissue fragments was done using bovine-specific primers flanking a 247 bp segment within the bovine lactoglobulin gene. Positive amplificati...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01369787
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study was performed on the detection, separation and quantification of isomers from the new designer drugs named fluoroamphetamines (FAs) in forensic cases in eastern Denmark. The drugs were detected in whole blood extracts by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-TOF-MS)...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-012-0671-0
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The forensic application of mtDNA typing requires large databases which are regionally well defined. To further this aim, we have typed mtDNA in a sample of 111 French and 106 Sicilians. The French were typed for both hypervariable segments (HVR1 and HVR2) of the mtDNA control region, whereas the Sicilians were only t...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140000169
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of tracker dogs is the main method of finding hidden bodies, and in their search the dogs use typical scent patterns. "Electronic noses" can also be used to find and compare such patterns. Highly sensitive scent detectors have been successfully applied, e.g. in the examination of foodstuffs, in environmental t...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-009-0338-7
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood species identification is an important challenge in forensic science. Conventional methods used for blood species analysis are destructive and associated with time-consuming sample preparation steps. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is known for its nondestructive properties and fast results. This r...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-016-1500-7
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myocardial infarctions go along with biomechanical stress, i.e. stretching of muscle fibres, and the expression of certain marker molecules. We tested if two of those markers, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), can be used as immunohistochemical markers for myocardial ischaemia/infarcti...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1726-z
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The population origin of an individual is often requested to be determined from specimens left at a crime scene for identifying a suspect and individual identity. The melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R) and P gene are associated with human pigmentation. Although several studies have reported that these genes are highl...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-008-0289-4
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to establish a reliable age indicator in the period when all other epiphyseal age indicators have already been inactivated, medial clavicle as the bone with the longest period of growth became the object of various investigations. However, the lack of population-specific method often made it unreliable in som...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-012-0791-6
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Organophosphorus insecticides, such as parathion-ethyl, quinalphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos or diazinon, are still widely used for pest control on crops. These compounds are extremely toxic to humans, and, even though specific legislation exists that controls the use of these substances, the frequency of toxic a...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00414-019-02119-9
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medico-legal experts are increasingly enlisted to assess the methamphetamine and amphetamine serum concentrations after a criminal offense. However, since criminal users rarely provide useful information to medico-legal experts regarding the substances abused, when the substance(s) was/were used, dose of ingestion too...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1607-5
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
