The positive influence of a cholinergic-anticholinergic pretreatment and antidotal treatment on rats poisoned with supralethal doses of soman.

abstract：:The brominated flame retardants tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) are found in the environment, e.g., in sediments and organisms, in food items, human blood samples and mother's milk. In this study, the effects of both compounds on rat hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) levels and activities w...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Germer S,Piersma AH,van der Ven L,Kamyschnikow A,Fery Y,Schmitz HJ,Schrenk D

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ubiquitous presence of nanoparticles (NPs) together with increasing evidence linking them to negative health effects points towards the need to develop the understanding of mechanisms by which they exert toxic effects. This study was designed to investigate the role of surface area and oxidative stress in the cell...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hussain S,Boland S,Baeza-Squiban A,Hamel R,Thomassen LC,Martens JA,Billon-Galland MA,Fleury-Feith J,Moisan F,Pairon JC,Marano F

更新日期：2009-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A quantitative animal model was developed to study amelioration of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury by post-toxicant administration of cystamine. Amelioration of CCl4-induced injury by post-toxicant cystamine treatment was compared to prevention of injury by cystamine pretreatment and possible mechanisms of...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： MacDonald JR,Gandolfi AJ,Sipes IG

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) is an efflux transporter that participates in the biliary and renal excretion of drugs and environmental chemicals. Recent evidence suggests that pharmacological activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) can up-regulate the hepatic expression...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Eldasher LM,Wen X,Little MS,Bircsak KM,Yacovino LL,Aleksunes LM

更新日期：2013-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteotoxic compounds administered during pregnancy can initiate skeletal congenital anomalies in the embryo. In vitro, developmental osteotoxicity of a compound can be predicted with the embryonic stem cell test (EST), the only in vitro embryotoxicity model identified to date that entirely abrogates the use of animals...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： zur Nieden NI,Davis LA,Rancourt DE

更新日期：2010-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution and excretion of radioactivity from [14C]citrinin (3 mg/kg, i.v) was determined in male rats. At 0.5 h after administration maximum values of 14.7% and 5.6% of total radioactivity were observed in the liver and kidneys, respectively, and by 6 h decreased to 7.5% in the liver and 4.7% in the kidney. Pl...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Phillips RD,Berndt WO,Hayes AW

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allyl acetate (AAC), allyl alcohol (AAL), and acrolein (ACR) are used in the manufacture of detergents, plastics, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals and as agricultural agents. A metabolic relationship exists between these chemicals in which allyl acetate is metabolized to allyl alcohol and subsequently to the highly reac...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Auerbach SS,Mahler J,Travlos GS,Irwin RD

更新日期：2008-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In the rat the hepatotoxicity of bromobenzene is greatly enhanced by the introduction of a cyano group adjacent to the bromine (i.e. o-bromobenzonitrile). Epoxide metabolites of these aryl halides are believed to be the actual toxic species, but epoxides of the latter compound also possess a second site of chemical re...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gottschall DW,Harder RR,Wiley RA,Hanzlik RP

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we examined the relationship between maternal weight gain deficits induced by protein-and-energy restriction (PER) and pregnancy outcome. We also evaluated whether PER would potentiate the developmental toxicity of cyclophosphamide (CP) and hydroxyurea (HU). Two independent experiments--employing two di...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chahoud I,Kuriyama SN,Paumgartten FJ

更新日期：2002-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:We investigated the potential dose related apoptotic effect of subchronic administration of the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent ifosfamide in different sites of the small and large rabbit intestine. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty New Zealand White rabbits received intravenously every week, for 10 weeks, 0 (g...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ypsilantis P,Tentes L,Assimakopoulos SF,Kortsaris A,Scopa CD,Pitiakoudis M,Simopoulos C

更新日期：2004-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Consequences of exposure of rats for 2 days or less to O3 at various concentrations between 0.12 and 0.96 ppm were measured using several assays performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Changes in apparent lung permeability were assessed by measurement of recovery of labelled bovine serum albumin in lung lavage flui...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Guth DJ,Warren DL,Last JA

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bromate (BrO3-) is a rodent carcinogen that is formed as a drinking water ozone disinfection by-product and also used in some food and consumer products. Therefore, bromate is subject to assessment for its risk to humans. Because the selection of an appropriate model for conducting quantitative cancer risk assessment ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Moore MM,Chen T

更新日期：2006-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The possibility that nitrofurantoin is a complete carcinogen or is an initiator or promoter of urinary bladder carcinogenesis was evaluated in male weanling F344 rats. No increase in tumor incidence was observed in rats fed nitrofurantoin at a level of 0.187% of the diet for 2 years compared to a control group. Also, ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hasegawa R,Murasaki G,St John MK,Zenser TV,Cohen SM

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A flow-through rat tracheal implant system is described which permits the quantitative and repetitive exposure of respiratory epithelia to test gaseous substances. To investigate the acute toxicity of formaldehyde gas with this new system, open-ended rat tracheal implants were exposed to the gas for 1 h twice a week f...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Shiba M,Marchok AC,Klein-Szanto AJ

更新日期：1984-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) is an agricultural fungicide which has been shown to induce acute tubular necrosis. The purpose of the present study was to determine if creatinine clearance was altered early in the development of NDPS nephrotoxicity. This study also examined the effect of autacoid modulation ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rankin GO,Valentovic MA,Teets VJ,Nicoll DW,Anestis DK,Brown PI

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microcystine-YR (20 ug/kg bodyweight) and 8 ug/kg bodyweight of nodularin were intraperitoneally injected to 90 female Swiss mice. After 15, 30, 60 min and 24 h the changes were observed in the activity of some glucosidases in the complete cell homogenate and in the lysosomal, microsomal and cytosol fraction. Signific...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lankoff A,Kolataj A

更新日期：2000-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural phytochemicals derived from dietary sources or medicinal plants have gained significant recognition in the potential management of several human clinical conditions. Much research has also been geared towards the evaluation of plant extracts as effective prophylactic agents since they can act on specific and/o...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Neergheen VS,Bahorun T,Taylor EW,Jen LS,Aruoma OI

更新日期：2010-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Organochalcogens are important intermediates and useful reagents in organic synthesis, which can increase human exposure risk to these chemicals in the workplace. As well, there are a number of reported cases of acute toxicity following organochalcogen ingestion of vitamins and dietary supplements. Since, the erythroc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nogueira CW,Borges VC,Zeni G,Rocha JB

更新日期：2003-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A13 is mainly expressed in the respiratory system and has the ability to metabolize aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)). However, the role of CYP2A13-mediated AFB(1) metabolism and its consequences in human lung epithelial cell is not clear. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the si...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yang XJ,Lu HY,Li ZY,Bian Q,Qiu LL,Li Z,Liu Q,Li J,Wang X,Wang SL

更新日期：2012-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A (BPA) is a suspected endocrine disruptor highly prevalent in our environment since it is used as monomer of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Recent epidemiological and animal studies have suggested that BPA exposure may influence the development of obesity and related pathologies such as type 2 dia...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Marmugi A,Lasserre F,Beuzelin D,Ducheix S,Huc L,Polizzi A,Chetivaux M,Pineau T,Martin P,Guillou H,Mselli-Lakhal L

更新日期：2014-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the effect of astaxanthin (ASX; 3,3-dihydroxybeta, beta-carotene-4,4-dione), a water-dispersible synthetic carotenoid, on liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Astaxanthin (5 mg/kg/day) or olive oil was administered to rats via intragastric intubation for 14 consecutive days before the induct...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Curek GD,Cort A,Yucel G,Demir N,Ozturk S,Elpek GO,Savas B,Aslan M

更新日期：2010-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Urinary dialkylphosphates (DAPs) are measured to assess exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), but they are common metabolites of OPs and not specific indices for individual agents. Biomonitoring (BM) of urinary DAPs has been widely adopted as an assessment of individual exposure in general environments, howev...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sato H,Ito Y,Hanai C,Nishimura M,Ueyama J,Kamijima M

更新日期：2021-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) inhibition by phenyl selenoacetylene in vitro was investigated in this study. Phenyl selenoacetylene (40-400 microM) inhibition of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase from rat liver (low speed supernatant fraction, S1 fraction) was partially prevented by i...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Folmer V,Bolzan RC,Farina M,Zeni G,Nogueira CW,Emanuelli T,Rocha JB

更新日期：2005-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Aniline and its halogenated derivatives are widely used as chemical intermediates. The purpose of this study was to determine the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potential of the 2-haloanilines. Male Fischer 344 rats (n > or = 4) were injected (i.p.) with 1.0 or 1.25 mmol/kg of: aniline (A), 2-fluoroaniline (2-FA), 2-chlo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Valentovic MA,Ball JG,Anestis DK,Beers KW,Madan E,Hubbard JL,Rankin GO

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Asthma, which is primarily an allergic type of respiratory disease, has increased in the U.S. and Europe by 30% over the last decade. Air pollution may play a role in this rise, since during episodes of smog, hospital admissions due to asthma increase. Ambient air quality has generally improved since the Clean Air Act...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gilmour MI

更新日期：1995-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Flucloxacillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin widely used in the prophylaxis and treatment of staphylococcal infections. Severe liver reactions, characterised by delayed cholestatic hepatitis and a prolonged course of recovery, are associated with flucloxacillin therapy. Clinical findings are suggestive of an immune m...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Carey MA,van Pelt FN

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gulf War Illness (GWI) affects 25% of veterans from the 1990-1991 Gulf War (GW) and is accompanied by damage to the brain regions involved in memory processing. After twenty-five years, the chronic pathobiology of GWI is still unexplained. To address this problem, we examined the long-term consequences of GW exposures...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Abdullah L,Evans JE,Joshi U,Crynen G,Reed J,Mouzon B,Baumann S,Montague H,Zakirova Z,Emmerich T,Bachmeier C,Klimas N,Sullivan K,Mullan M,Ait-Ghezala G,Crawford F

更新日期：2016-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:There is concern about the growing environmental levels of brominated dioxins. Brominated dioxins are known to bind and activate the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), as their chlorinated congeners do. However, data on the potency of brominated dioxins for immunotoxicity in vivo is largely lacking,...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ao K,Suzuki T,Murai H,Matsumoto M,Nagai H,Miyamoto Y,Tohyama C,Nohara K

更新日期：2009-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Metallothionein, a low molecular weight cadmium-binding protein, has been determined for the first time in urine of "itai-itai" disease patients and other Japanese women environmentally exposed to cadmium. On a group basis, the urinary metallothionein levels of "itai-itai" disease patients and suspected patients were ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tohyama C,Shaikh ZA,Nogawa K,Kobayashi E,Honda R

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that young guinea pigs repeatedly exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke (SS) develop decreased airway reactivity of the C-fiber system without changing reactivity to one of its neurotransmitters, substance P (SP). This study was designed to determine whether the decreased reactivity was due to...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Joad JP,Avadhanam KP,Watt KC,Kott KS,Bric JM,Pinkerton KE

更新日期：1996-09-02 00:00:00