Abstract：
:137Cs from global fallout of nuclear weapon testings in the 1950s and 1960s was determined in successive layers (0-30 cm) of eight undisturbed grassland soils in Bavaria, Germany. The maximum activity concentration was found in soil layers between 4 and 15 cm below the surface. Using the vertical distribution of the cesium activity, which varied considerably from site to site, the mean residence half-time of 137Cs from global fallout in each soil layer was evaluated with a compartment model. These values ranged from 1.0 to 6.3 years/cm. The mean residence half-time averaged over all soil layers and all sites was 2.7 +/- 1.4 years/cm and, thus, about twice the corresponding residence half-time of the Chernobyl-derived 137Cs as determined in the same soil layers (also in 1993). The dose rate of the external gamma-radiation due to 137Cs from global fallout in the soil determined from the depth distributions varied between 0.34 and 0.57 (mean: 0.45 +/- 0.07) nGy/h per kBq/m2. The effect of soil water content on the dose rate was studied by considering four states of the soil, from water content zero to complete water saturation of the total pore volume. It was shown that the difference between the dose rates at the permanent wilting point and the field capacity, which both represent the most relevant water contents of soils, was only 10% of the dose rate at the permanent wilting point for all sites.
journal_name
Radiat Environ Biophysjournal_title
Radiation and environmental biophysicsauthors
Schimmack W,Steindl H,Bunzl Kdoi
10.1007/s004110050088subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-04-01 00:00:00pages
27-33issue
1eissn
0301-634Xissn
1432-2099journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Four different thiol reagents: p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (pCMB), mercuric chloride (HgCl2), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) were employed as agents modifying the transport of a hydrophilic and hydrophobic non-electrolyte spin labels: 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-o...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01323760
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data on rats exposed to cigarette smoke before or after exposure to radon are used to estimate smoke-dependent parameters of the biologically based two-stage clonal expansion model. The baseline parameters and the action of radon acting on initiation and promotion were fixed based on earlier work. Cigarette smoke acti...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-005-0006-3
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More accurate reconstruction of the radioactive contamination of the Techa River system in 1949-1951 has been made on the basis of refined data on the amounts and the rate of discharge of radionuclides into the Techa River from the Mayak Production Association; this has led to the development of a modified Techa River...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-012-0414-0
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monte Carlo codes have been used for approximately 80 years to solve various problems in medical physics. In this paper, the importance of the MCNPX code in treatment planning is highlighted. As illustrative examples of the role of MCNPX in this field, some dosimetric parameters, isodose distribution curves, and figur...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-020-00841-2
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to verify whether extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF) could affect transposition activity like some environmental stress factors such as heat shock or UV irradiation. Using an Escherichia coli Lac Z(-) strain transformed with a plasmid containing a Tn 10 derivative element expr...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-003-0192-9
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present work we have investigated the possible interaction between Bleomycin (B) and UV light or hyperthermia (HT) in the induction of lethal events in diploid yeast populations in the stationary phase of growth. UV and B acting as single agents determine sigmoid survival curves. The combination of UV + B produ...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01219348
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microcalorimetry, in combination with conventional methods for determining metabolic activity, opens the possibility to study the efficiency with which ATP, produced as a result of metabolic activity, is utilized by the cell for energy-requiring synthetic reactions. Using commercial baker's yeast as a test organism an...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01323416
更新日期：1975-12-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The Auger electron emitter 123I was examined in the form of 4-[123I]iodoantipyrine and as [123I]NaI for its effectiveness in killing cells of different sensitivity to photon irradiation. Micronucleus assays showed that 4-[123I]iodoantipyrine is 2-3 times more effective in cell inactivation than [123I]NaI. This can be ...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004110000083
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An extensive programme of experiments on transfer of radionuclides to aquatic species was conducted in the former USSR starting from the early 1950s. Only a few of these studies were made available in the English language literature or taken into account in international reviews of radionuclide behaviour in marine eco...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00411-010-0324-y
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An LBO (Li2B4O7) walled ionization chamber was designed to monitor the epithermal neutron fluence in boron neutron capture therapy clinical irradiation. The thermal and epithermal neutron sensitivities of the device were evaluated using accelerator neutrons from the 9Be(d, n) reaction at a deuteron energy of 4 MeV (4 ...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-017-0700-y
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stem cells surviving radiation injury may carry defects which contribute to long-term effects. The ratio of 125-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) uptake into spleens of lethally irradiated recipient mice between day 3 and day 5 after cell transfusion revealed reduced proliferative ability (PF) of spleen seeding cells in paralle...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01211733
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main target of this work is to examine blood clearance and external exposure for 177Lu-DOTATATE compared with new emerging 177Lu-PSMA therapy. Blood clearance and radiation exposure of 31 patients treated with 5.5 ± 1.1 GBq 177Lu-DOTATATE were compared to those of 23 patients treated with 7.4 GBq 177Lu-PSMA. Dose ...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-017-0721-6
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The method of iteratively reweighted least squares for the regression analysis of Poisson distributed chromosome aberration data is reviewed in the context of other fit procedures used in the cytogenetic literature. As an application of the resulting regression curves methods for calculating confidence intervals on do...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01323412
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mouse spermatogonial germ cells are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. Lithium salts are reported to stimulate the postirradiation recovery of hematopoietic marrow cells. We have, therefore, examined whether administered lithium chloride (LiCl) would also be able to protect the mouse germinal cells against radiat...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004110050063
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sulphur-containing radioprotectors mercaptoethylamine (MEA), aminoethylisothiourea (AET), 2- aminothiazoline , 4-oxo-2- aminothiazoline , and S-S-3- oxapentane -1,5- diisothiourea , and the radioprotective biogenic amines serotonin, histamine, and dopamine, caused the elevation of cAMP content and intensified the ...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01213732
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The article is devoted to the study of the role of intracellular mechanisms in the formation of radiation-induced genetic instability and its transgenerational effect in cells of different tissues of the descendants of Drosophila melanogaster mutant strains whose parents were exposed to chronic radiation (0.42 and 3.5...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-020-00833-2
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ehrlich ascites tumour cells were irradiated with negative pions at different positions in the plateau and the peak of the depth absorbed dose curve. Dose-survival curves for immediate testing of the viability of the cells are given and are compared with other types of radiations in use for therapy. From the data obta...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01358286
更新日期：1979-08-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of Green's function has played a fundamental role in transport calculations for high-charge high-energy (HZE) ions. Two recent developments have greatly advanced the practical aspects of implementation of these methods. The first was the formulation of a closed-form solution as a multiple fragmentation perturb...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01211542
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Time-dependent yields of the most important products of water radiolysis E(aq)(-), (*)OH, H(*), H(3)O(+), H(2), OH(-) and H(2)O(2) have been calculated for (60)Co-photons, electrons, protons, helium- and carbon-ions incident onto water. G values have been evaluated for the interval from 1 ps to 1 mus after initial ene...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-008-0194-8
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Working from the general postulate that natural selection of plant form operates so as to maximize the survival potential of a species, this paper examines the hypothesis that the mechanical support of tree foliage must approach optimality in the use of wood, i.e., that tree stems and branches will have "optimal form"...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01323263
更新日期：1978-08-10 00:00:00
abstract：:In this work, direct DNA damage induced by low-energy electrons (<5 keV) is simulated using Monte Carlo methods, and the resulting yield of various strand breaks and base damages in cellular environment is presented. The simulation is based on a new inelastic cross section for the production of electron track structur...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-009-0262-8
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For radiation exposures employing targeted sources such as particle microbeams, the deposition of energy and dose will depend on the spatial heterogeneity of the sample. Although cell structural variations are relatively minor for two-dimensional cell cultures, they can vary significantly for fully differentiated tiss...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-011-0371-z
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of negative pions (peak and plateau), photons (140 kV and 29 MeV), and 20 MeV electrons on the proliferative capacity of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells was investigated. Proliferative survival curves plotted for the modalities employed are presented. Under the experimental conditions used, the peak pions w...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01358287
更新日期：1979-08-10 00:00:00
abstract：:In mice, persisting radiation-induced growth retardation of hematopoietic tissue suggested that at least part of the surviving stem cells are genetically injured. Additional mitotic stress some time after the radiation insult might remove injured stem cells, thus improving the overall recovery of the irradiated bone m...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01211410
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of gamma irradiation on zebrafish embryos. Different doses of gamma rays (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 Gy) were used to irradiate zebrafish embryos at three developmental stages (stage 1, 6 h post-fertilization (hpf); stage 2, 12 hpf; stage three, 24 hpf), respectively...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-016-0663-4
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of supplying three different stable iodine levels (about 70, 80, and 160 mg day-1) in the daily feed of four dairy cows has been studied for the excretion pattern of 131I. None of the different treatments had a statistically significant effect. A mean milk transfer coefficient of 0.015 +/- 0.001 d l-1 was d...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01212680
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Procedures for age-adjustment of cancer fractions are proposed which do not require fixed age intervals. The full available information on survival times can then be used, which is especially important in small treatment groups. For incidental cancers a non-decreasing prevalence function and for fatal cancers the Kapl...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-004-0250-y
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As a consequence of the increased use of renewable energy and the now long distances between energy generation and consumption, in Europe, electric power transfer by high-voltage (HV) direct current (DC) overhead power lines gains increasing importance. Thousands of kilometers of them are going to be built within the ...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-014-0520-2
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the effects of three disasters (the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, followed by a tsunami and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident) on feeding methods and growth in infants born after the disasters. Using results from the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Soso Distric...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-016-0636-7
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A mathematical model which simulates the observed dose-effect relationships for fish eggs exposed to chronic irradiation is presented. The model assumes that the exposed fish eggs may exist in one of the following states: normally developing, reversibly damaged, and lethally damaged. Reversible damages may be recovere...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-006-0058-z
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
