Abstract:
:Destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMN) in the weanling rat without injury to the median eminence results in a series of somatic, endocrine, and metabolic changes that are characterized by normal food and water intake but decreased linear growth, normal body weight but increased carcass fat and reduced carcass protein, lean body mass, and water. The endocrine alterations comprise hyperinsulinemia in the face of normoglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia and reduced growth hormone levels. The metabolic changes include greater oxidation of glucose and incorporation into lipid and reduced palmitate oxidation but increased incorporation into lipid. Weanling rats with VMN lesions are normophagic in absolute terms, relative to body weight and per metabolic unit, but their nocturnal feeding and weight gain cycles are disrupted and their locomotor activity is reduced. The VMN are involved in the long-term control of feeding - as in the mature rat - as shown by intragastric preloading studies and dietary density manipulation, glucose preference tests and intraperitoneal injections with glucose. Hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia are present four days after the VMN operation in the presence of subnormal food intake and plasma glucose levels. Manipulations of the fat content of the diet revealed that the hyperlipidemia is of both endogenous and exogenous origin and that lipoprotein lipase is increased; a 48-hour fast reduced the hyperlipidemia to control levels, however. This suggests that weanling VMN rat tissue may have an impaired ability to take up circulating lipid. An increased incorporation of glycerol into lipid may be due to induction of glycerokinase by hyperinsulinemia. Adipose tissue of weanling VMN rats showed glycerokinase by hyperinsulinemia. Adipose tissue of weanling VMN rats showed neither depressed lipolysis nor diminished lipolytic activity per milligram of tissue protein. Glucose oxidation and incorporation into adipose tissue is increased in several tissues in vitro and there is enhanced glucose disappearance from plasma and incorporation into tissue lipids in vivo. These changes develop within a short time after lesion production and persist at least partially up to six months: glucose utilization in liver increases already four hours after the operation whereas it takes 72 hours to commence in adipose tissue. Insulin resistance is not apparent either in vivo or in vitro. The decreased growth hormone levels are not critical to the metabolic changes, nor is the hyperinsulinemia totally necessary. The metabolic changes also appear on several different types of diet and persist with fasting. The latter does not reduce insulin sensitivity of VMN rat tissues, wheras it does so in normal rats. Mature rats developed the same metabolic changes even in the absence of hyperphagia. The metabolic alterations can be blocked by pharmacologic doses of glucocorticoids, but are enhanced by the administration of estrogen...
journal_name
J Neurosci Resjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience researchauthors
Bernardis LL,Goldman JKdoi
10.1002/jnr.490020202subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1976-01-01 00:00:00pages
91-116issue
2eissn
0360-4012issn
1097-4547journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Despite the accumulating data on the molecular and cell biological characteristics of neural stem/progenitor cells, their electrophysiological properties are not well understood. In the present work, changes in the membrane properties and current profiles were investigated in the course of in vitro-induced neuron form...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21282
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (HCN) are key determinants of CNS functions. Here we describe an increase in hyperpolarization-activated current (I(h)) at the beginning of whole-cell recordings in rat layer 5 cortical neurons. For a closer investigation of this I(h) increase, we overex...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22475
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potassium-induced stimulation of oxygen consumption in brain slices has a threshold value of 15-20 mM potassium, and it reaches its maximum at 35-50 mM. Although this phenomenon now has been known for almost 50 years, its physiological role remains undetermined. One reason for this may be that the high concentrati...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490140108
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tissue- and cell-specific expression of three neutral glycosphingolipids, gangliotetraosylceramide (GA1), gangliopentaosylceramide (GalNAc-GA1), and the novel 3-O-acetyl-sphingosine-series glycolipid (FMC-5), were examined with monospecific polyclonal antibodies. Immunohistochemical studies of rodent brain cross-s...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21419
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a neurotrophic protein synthesized and secreted by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in early embryogenesis and has been shown to be present in the extracellular matrix between the RPE cells and the neural retina. It induces neuronal differentiation and promotes surviva...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice have been used extensively to study T cell development in vivo. Such studies have demonstrated high levels of expression of the TCR transgenes. Although a number of human T cell receptors appear to play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases, in vitro studies have proven...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960815)45:4<487::AID-JNR
更新日期:1996-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear inclusions formed by proteins with expanded polyglutamine tracts are found in several neurodegenerative diseases. The effect of nuclear inclusions formed by these disease proteins on the functional organization of the nucleus is only partially understood. In particular, it is not known whether polyglutamine di...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21369
更新日期:2007-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. It is known that males and females respond differently to stroke. Depending on age, the incidence, prevalence, mortality rate, and disability outcome of stroke differ between the sexes. Females generally have strokes at older ages than ma...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.23784
更新日期:2017-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Calpains and cathepsins are two families of proteases that play an important role in ischemic cell death. In this study, we investigated the effect of E64d, a mu-calpain and cathepsin B inhibitor, in the prevention of neuronal and endothelial apoptotic cell death after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Rats underwent 2...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20977
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the effect of induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) on motility, cell morphology, and proliferation of two originally GFAP-negative human glioma cell lines. Glioma cell lines U-1242 MG and U-251 MG sp subclone 3A were transfected with a vector system that allows for an inducible GFAP expressio...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000415)60:2<245::AID-JNR
更新日期:2000-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral vasospasm is a potentially incapacitating or lethal complication in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The development of effective preventative and therapeutic interventions has been largely hindered by the fact that the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm remain poorl...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.21823
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transferrin is the second most abundant plasma protein and functions to transport iron. It is an essential constituent in culture media for virtually all cells. In a recent study, we reported that transferrin (Tf) is specifically located in oligodendrocytes in the rat nervous system. This investigation examines immuno...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490170108
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have demonstrated that neural stem cell (NSC) culture at physiologically normoxic conditions (2-5% O2) is advantageous in terms of neuronal differentiation and survival. Neuronal differentiation is accompanied by a remarkable shift to mitochondrial oxidative metabolism compared with preferentially glyco...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23615
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite consistent observations of sex differences in depression and related emotional disorders, we do not yet know how these sex differences modulate the effects of genetic polymorphisms implicated in risk for these disorders. This Mini-Review focuses on genetic polymorphisms of the serotonergic system to illustrate...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.23877
更新日期:2017-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahyrdropyridine (MPTP)-exposed cats develop severe Parkinsonism that spontaneously resolves in 4-6 weeks. The present study examined the extent to which compensatory changes in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) gene and protein expression may underlie this behaviora...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.1149
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alpha subtype of the estrogen receptor (ERalpha) is present in nociceptive and parasympathetic regions of the adult rat spinal cord. The pattern of ERalpha expression in the rat spinal cord during development, however, is unknown. We used a polyclonal antibody (ER-21) to examine the expression of ERalpha in male r...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4547(20000801)61:3<329::AID-JNR11>3.0
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously demonstrated that a synthetic retinoic acid receptor agonist, Am80, attenuated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced neuropathological changes and neurological dysfunction. Because inflammatory events are among the prominent features of ICH pathology that are affected by Am80, this study investigated th...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23379
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cholinergic system takes part in the immune-neuroendocrine integration. Lymphocytes have been found to express muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors, as well as acetylcholine-esterase on their surface, and cholinergic agents modulate immune functions in vitro and in vivo. In the present study we provide e...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490350209
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the plasmin-generating system, a serum component, in the development of dissociated embryonic chick spinal cord cells in culture was studied. Studies were performed in a defined system where the cells were maintained in a serum-free medium. Under these conditions the cells produce plasminogen activator. It...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490080237
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been postulated that the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, provides models of PD both in vivo and in vitro. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate (bHB), a ketone body, against r...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21021
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a transgenic mouse expressing the Cre recombinase under control of a tetracycline-responsive promoter. Using a CamKIIalpha-driven tTA transgenic strain and a lacZ reporter mouse, we obtained the expected neuronal pattern of recombination in the olfactory lobe, cortex, striatum, hippocampus and Purkin...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10213
更新日期:2002-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::In our in vitro model, rasagiline a selective irreversible monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor, protected nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells from cell death under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). The severity of the OGD insult, as expressed by cell death, was time-dependent. Exposure of the cel...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motoneuron number and expression of cytoplasmic RNA and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene transcription activity in the facial nucleus were examined quantitatively and chronologically for up to 4 weeks in rats after facial nerve axotomy and avulsion in order to elucidate interrelationships in axonal changes. The right facial ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21495
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The balance of bone morphogenic protein (BMP), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)/activin/nodal, and Wnt signals regulates the early lineage segregation of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here we demonstrate that a combination of small-molecule inhibitors of BMP (Dorsomorphin) and TGFβ/activin/nodal (SB431542) sig...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22547
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of extracellular acidification on the synaptic function and neuronal excitability were investigated on the hippocampal CA1 neurons. A decrease of extracellular pH from 7.4 to 6.7 did not alter either the resting membrane potential or the neuronal membrane input resistance. Extracellularly recorded field ex...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4547(20001101)62:3<403::AID-JNR11>3.0
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor blocker, olmesartan, and a calcium channel blocker, azelnidipine, possess not only an antihypertensive effect but also an antioxidative effect and other beneficial effects. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of olmesartan and azelnidipine monotherapy (2 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg ea...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23406
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were bred and reared either grouped under enriched environmental conditions or isolated under impoverished environmental conditions. The objective of the present study was to examine the influence of social environment on structural and functional ontogeny of the medial prefrontal ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19980415)52:2<201::AID-JNR
更新日期:1998-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::5-Hydroxyoxindole has been identified as a urinary metabolite of indole, which is produced from tryptophane via the tryptophanase activity of gut bacteria. We have demonstrated recently that 5-hydroxyoxindole is an endogenous compound in blood and tissues of mammals, including humans. To date, 5-hydroxyoxindole's role...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21475
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Oct-2 transcription factor has a predominantly inhibitory effect on gene expression in neuronal cell lines. This factor and its corresponding mRNA have previously been shown to be elevated in adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons chronically exposed to nerve growth factor (NGF). Here we show that the Oct-2 ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490400205
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the potential role of Alzheimer precursor protein A4 (APP) and beta-amyloid (A/beta) on aging motor neuron survival, expression of APP, A/beta, and choline acetyltransferase (ChaT) were investigated in aged rats after either distal axotomy or root avulsion injury. Approximately 45% in number of total aged spi...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10667
更新日期:2003-08-15 00:00:00