Abstract:
:We have hypothesized that an alteration in the production of endothelium-dependent factors by sex hormones is a potential unifying mechanism for both the decreased arterial contractility and the redistribution of cardiac output characteristic of normal pregnancy. Thus, the effect of pregnancy/ estradiol on any one vascular bed will reflect the number and distribution of estrogen receptors. In this article, we review what is known about the effects of pregnancy and estrogen on nitric oxide synthase. Pregnancy increases Ca(2+)-dependent NOS activity early in gestation. The timing of the increase parallels the increase in plasma estradiol concentration. The increase in maternal brain NOS during pregnancy is blocked by tamoxifen. cGMP content increases along a similar time course in most but not all tissues. The changes in cGMP more closely approximate the changes in blood flow during pregnancy. This suggests that multiple elements of the NO:cGMP pathway are altered by pregnancy. It also shows that cGMP content cannot always be used as a surrogate for NOS activity. Estradiol, but not progesterone or testosterone, increases CA(2+)-dependent NOS activity. NO accounts for some, but not all of the pregnancy-associated changes in maternal arterial contractile response. It is not involved in uterine quiescence. Nitric oxide synthase is developmentally regulated in the fetus and is likely important in regulating the distribution of fetal blood flow.
journal_name
Semin Perinatoljournal_title
Seminars in perinatologyauthors
Weiner CP,Thompson LPdoi
10.1016/s0146-0005(97)80003-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-10-01 00:00:00pages
367-80issue
5eissn
0146-0005issn
1558-075Xpii
S0146-0005(97)80003-1journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Acute renal failure in the newborn is a common problem and is typically classified as prerenal, intrinsic renal disease including vascular insults, and obstructive uropathy. In the newborn, renal failure may have a prenatal onset in congenital diseases such as renal dysplasia with or without obstructive uropathy and i...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2003.11.003
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twin birth rates have increased dramatically over the past three decades, and twins currently account for 3% of all pregnancies. Twin pregnancies of any type are at risk for prematurity. In addition, monochorionic twin pregnancies (25-30% of all twin pregnancies) are predisposed to a specific set of complications, inc...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2014.10.005
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many infants with CDH can be managed with conventional mechanical ventilation and pharmacotherapy. However, some infants will require levels of ventilator support that are not compatible with survival. In these circumstances, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used with varying results. The indication...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2005.04.005
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experience gathered over the last decade from high-risk centers provide strong evidence that mid-trimester sonographic markers are sensitive for Down syndrome prediction. More recent data indicate that combining mid trimester sonography with traditional serum markers significantly improves diagnostic accuracy over eit...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2003.50013
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following dramatic reductions between the early 1900s and the early 1980s, the maternal mortality ratio began to rise, reaching a peak of almost 17 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Although this number pales in comparison with that found in sub-Saharan Africa and India, the troubling rise in the United States ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2011.09.004
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Late preterm infants (34-37 weeks gestation) pose unique challenges to physicians and nurses involved in their care after birth. They may be cared for in different units within hospitals after birth, including Neonatal Intensive Care Units, Newborn Nurseries, or rooming in with the mother. As a result of their gestati...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.01.014
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in genetic engineering have allowed the creation of animals with additional or deleted genes. New genes may be inserted in mice, specific genes inactivated or "knocked out," and more complex animals created in which genes can be turned on or off at different times in development or in different tissues. These...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.09.001
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the literature on infectious diseases as a cause of stillbirth. Identifying a specific infection as a cause of stillbirth is limited by many obstacles. Nevertheless, "good faith" efforts estimate that approximately 9% to 15% of stillbirths are caused by infections. Infection may be especially impo...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2002.29839
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Supplemental oxygen is often used as a life-saving therapy in the treatment of preterm infants. However, its protracted use can lead to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and more recently, has been associated with adversely affecting the general health of children and adolescents who were born prete...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2013.01.002
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common perinatal infection and may result in severe injury to the fetus. Forty percent to 50% of infants delivered to mothers with primary CMV will have congenital infections. Of these, 5% to 18% will be overtly symptomatic at birth. The mortality rate in these children is a...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(98)80014-1
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this analysis was to determine the impact on specific forms of neonatal morbidity and mortality by allowing women to opt for delivery by elective cesarean section at 39 weeks of gestation (EGA). According to the National Vital Statistics Reports, over 70% of deliveries in the U.S. annually are at...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.07.009
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene therapy carries the potential to treat more than 10,000 human monogenic diseases and benefit an even greater number of complex polygenic conditions. The repurposing of CRISPR/Cas9, an ancient bacterial immune defense system, into a gene-editing technology has armed researchers with a revolutionary tool for gene t...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2018.09.003
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The process of parturition is poorly understood, but the cervix clearly plays a key role. Because of this, recent research efforts have been directed at objective quantification of cervical remodeling. Investigation has focused on two basic areas: (1) quantification of tissue deformability and (2) presence, orientatio...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2017.08.006
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cause for most cases of cerebral palsy is unknown. There are however, risk factors that have been associated with this chronic neuromuscular disease. The objective of this article is to review the maternal and fetal conditions (other than asphyxia and infection) strongly associated with increased rate of cerebral ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2000.7052
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complex nature of amniotic fluid reflects contributions from many fetal systems, many functional roles, and multiple interactions with fetal maturation, obstetric, and maternal factors. Simple ultrasound measurement, probably done best with the maximum vertical pocket method, has a clinical role in fetal surveilla...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2008.04.012
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic sonogram is a composite algorithm combining multiple individual markers to increase Down syndrome risk prediction. Transformation of sonographic information into a standard mathematical format represented an early challenge that has now been surmounted. Using increasingly sophisticated mathematical techniq...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2005.06.005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) is intimately involved in vascular homeostasis through its antiplatelet, antiproliferative, and vasodilating actions. Because of these beneficial properties, methods of harnessing NO for the prevention of vascular injury responses, such as intimal hyperplasia, are being explored. One such method invo...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(00)80056-7
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medium- and long-term outcomes have been collected and described among survivors of neonatal intensive care units for decades, for a number of purposes: (1) quality control within units, (2) comparisons of outcomes between NICUs, (3) clinical trials (whether an intervention improves outcomes), (4) end-of-life decision...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2016.09.009
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging scanners and sequences provides a new tool for the diagnosis of fetal anomalies. Magnetic resonance imaging is a valuable adjunct to prenatal ultrasound especially for the evaluation of suspected fetal brain anomalies, chest masses, abdominal masses, and renal di...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(99)80023-8
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nutrition plays a critical role in the prevention and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Growth failure in infants with BPD is predominantly due to malnutrition. Malnutrition can worsen BPD by compromising lung growth. Feeding difficulties in these infants can further affect nutrition. Dexamethasone, used...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.05.007
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Even if successfully treated, IC can cause significant neurodevelopmental impairment. Preterm infants are at increased risk for hematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis owing to increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2012.06.003
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extreme hyperbilirubinemia can cause bilirubin neurotoxicity. Infants with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency can develop hemolysis and thus are at high risk. We evaluated a device that quantitatively measures G6PD activity kinetically using digital microfluidics (DMF). Intra- and inter-instrument and...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151356
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate assessment of fetal growth status requires the definition of an optimal standard, which represents the growth potential of the baby. Against this standard, individually 'customized' percentiles can be calculated. They improve the distinction between normal and abnormal, and help in our understanding and diagn...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2003.12.002
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Up to the immediate past, and perhaps even to the present, a major difference between care of the fetus and of the neonate was the ability to examine directly the physical and biochemical traits of the unborn patient. In a span of time as short as perhaps 10 years it has become progressively possible to institute almo...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rapid rise of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases led the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) to recommend immediate cessation of all new fertility treatment cycles on March 17, 2020. Controversial from the start, providers and patients expressed their opposition through online petitions,...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151288
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pulmonary inflammation, increased production of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and vitamin A deficiency are risk factors for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. To determine the mechanisms by which IL-1beta influences lung development, we have ge...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.04.009
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The principal objective of antenatal testing is to detect fetal hypoxia before the fetus has suffered lasting harm. This article summarizes some of the mechanisms by which fetal oxygen consumption is maintained under normal conditions, and adaptations that occur in response to hypoxemia. Alterations in the fetal heart...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2008.04.003
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The words research and experimentation continue to have the power to evoke fear in potential subjects. But much of standard practice, particularly in critical care settings, involves interventions of unknown efficacy and safety. Innovation also abounds in practice settings, typically unchecked by prospective or retros...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(98)80038-4
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple gestation carries a significant risk of perinatal complications and mortality. Often twin neonates are delivered small and early with a perinatal mortality rate five to seven times that of singleton neonates. Increased morbidity and mortality is due to an increased incidence of antepartum complications, monoz...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cesarean birth (CB) rates are rising, globally. The global burden of CB is having a mixed effect on pregnancy outcomes and requires significant clinical and economic resources. The context of CB care in low- and middle-income countries is further complicated by barriers to facility-based care itself, followed by issue...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2019.03.015
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00