Abstract:
:The words research and experimentation continue to have the power to evoke fear in potential subjects. But much of standard practice, particularly in critical care settings, involves interventions of unknown efficacy and safety. Innovation also abounds in practice settings, typically unchecked by prospective or retrospective review. Historical attention has focused on the conflict of interest of the physician/investigator, but contemporary safeguards have reduced the risks of research and increased the likelihood that the patient/subject will have the opportunity to make an informed choice. Innovation and untested interventions in practice, in contrast, are often unknown to the patient and lack institutional safeguards. Some common cliches that suggest that research is more to be feared than standard practice will be examined, leading to the following conclusions: defining an intervention as experimental may be less important in ethical terms than the quality of prospective and retrospective review and the standards for informed consent, and the concerns that led to regulation of research should now be directed toward unproven interventions and innovation in the practice setting.
journal_name
Semin Perinatoljournal_title
Seminars in perinatologyauthors
Fost Ndoi
10.1016/s0146-0005(98)80038-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-06-01 00:00:00pages
223-32issue
3eissn
0146-0005issn
1558-075Xpii
S0146-0005(98)80038-4journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The process of parturition is poorly understood, but the cervix clearly plays a key role. Because of this, recent research efforts have been directed at objective quantification of cervical remodeling. Investigation has focused on two basic areas: (1) quantification of tissue deformability and (2) presence, orientatio...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2017.08.006
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective training has been shown to improve perinatal care and outcome, decrease litigation claims and reduce midwifery sick leave. To be effective, training should be incentivised, in a realistic context, and delivered to inter-professional teams similar to those delivering actual care. Teamwork training is a useful...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2013.02.005
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite major advances in neonatal care, the burden of preterm birth remains high. This is not unexpected since strategies to identify and treat risk factors in early pregnancy have not been very effective in reducing the preterm birth rate. Initial studies suggested a potential benefit for 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesteron...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2016.03.002
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected every aspect of medical practice and has all but ceased clinical, translational and basic science research. Pregnant women appear to be similarly affected by the virus as non-pregnant adults. As obstetricians, not only do w...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151287
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cirrhosis and portal hypertension infrequently coincide with pregnancy but increase maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality when present. Chronic liver disease and portal hypertension are not contraindications to pregnancy but necessitate intensive monitoring throughout pregnancy. The complications of liver disease...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(98)80048-7
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preterm births account for a substantial portion of infant mortality, the major difference in mortality between African-American and white births in the United States, and the key reason that US infant mortality exceeds that of other developed nations. Although preterm birth rates are higher in the African-American co...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(05)80039-4
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The developing heart undergoes a remarkable metabolic transformation as it adjusts to the higher-oxygen, extrauterine environment. During gestation, glycolysis and lactate oxidation constitute the major sources of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for the fetal heart. After birth, however, there is a rapid shift from carbo...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(96)80068-1
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The outcome literature on low birthweight (LBW) premature children indicates that they are at risk for a variety of neurodevelopmental impairments throughout childhood. To prevent such disabilities, numerous interventions have been initiated with LBW children. Nineteen intervention programs designed for LBW preterms t...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(05)80049-7
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) provided delivery care throughout the world prior to the development of organized systems of medical care. In 2016, an estimated 22% of pregnant women delivered with a TBA, mostly in rural or remote areas that lacked formal health services. Still active in many regions of LMICs, the...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2019.03.013
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Lancet Neonatal Survival Series categorized neonatal health interventions into 3 service delivery modes: "Outreach," "Family-Community Care," and "Facility-based Clinical Care." Family-Community Care services generally have a greater potential impact on neonatal health than Outreach services, with similar costs. C...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2010.09.008
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of pregnant women who have type 2 diabetes and the number found to have gestational diabetes are progressively increasing. In the future, as many as 20% of pregnant women may be diagnosed with diabetes. Although there is consensus regarding many issues in the treatment of pregnant women with diabetes, there...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2011.05.003
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following dramatic reductions between the early 1900s and the early 1980s, the maternal mortality ratio began to rise, reaching a peak of almost 17 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Although this number pales in comparison with that found in sub-Saharan Africa and India, the troubling rise in the United States ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2011.09.004
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple gestation carries a significant risk of perinatal complications and mortality. Often twin neonates are delivered small and early with a perinatal mortality rate five to seven times that of singleton neonates. Increased morbidity and mortality is due to an increased incidence of antepartum complications, monoz...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although a minor constituent by weight, surfactant protein B (SP-B) plays a major role in surfactant function. It is the unique structure of SP-B that promotes permeabilization, cross-linking, mixing, and fusion of phospholipids, facilitating the proper structure and function of pulmonary surfactant as well as contrib...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2008.08.003
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single course of antenatal corticosteroids is a rare example of a treatment that yields both a health benefit and a cost savings. This article reviews the history and background of antenatal corticosteroids, its use in clinical practice and the controversy today regarding the use of multiple courses of antenatal cor...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2001.26418
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common perinatal infection and may result in severe injury to the fetus. Forty percent to 50% of infants delivered to mothers with primary CMV will have congenital infections. Of these, 5% to 18% will be overtly symptomatic at birth. The mortality rate in these children is a...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(98)80014-1
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a normal postnatal phenomenon resulting from a transitional imbalance between the production and elimination of bilirubin in the neonate. Bilirubin has been shown to be not only a potent antioxidant, but also toxic at excessive concentrations. As a result, the biology of bilirubin, its p...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2001.23197
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrops fetalis, a condition characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid and edema in the fetus, is the final common pathway in a number of pathological conditions. The diagnosis of hydrops is based on ultrasonographic findings of generalized edema along with a serous effusion (ascites, pleural effusion, or perica...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(05)80053-9
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately one in ten (approximately 500,000) pregnancies results in preterm birth (PTB) annually in the United States. Although we have seen a slight decrease in the U.S. PTB rate between 2007 and 2014, data from 2014 to 2015 shows the preterm birth rate has slightly increased. It is even more intriguing to note t...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2017.07.014
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have hypothesized that an alteration in the production of endothelium-dependent factors by sex hormones is a potential unifying mechanism for both the decreased arterial contractility and the redistribution of cardiac output characteristic of normal pregnancy. Thus, the effect of pregnancy/ estradiol on any one vas...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(97)80003-1
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concern over the influence of pregnancy-related alterations in hydration has prompted questions regarding the accuracy of using standard methods of determining body composition. We sought to investigate whether differences exist between body composition determined at 30 weeks and 39 weeks of gestation and postpartum, ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(96)80027-9
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the historically high rates of cesarean delivery in the United States, obstetrical providers must often consider an induction of labor for women with a history of prior cesarean delivery versus repeat cesarean delivery. Clinical evaluation of this scenario involves weighing the benefits of a successful trial of ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.07.011
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extreme hyperbilirubinemia can cause bilirubin neurotoxicity. Infants with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency can develop hemolysis and thus are at high risk. We evaluated a device that quantitatively measures G6PD activity kinetically using digital microfluidics (DMF). Intra- and inter-instrument and...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151356
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seizures during pregnancy complicate <1% of all gestations; however, they are associated with increased adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes (acute and long term). The differential diagnosis of seizures in pregnancy is extensive. Determining the underlying etiology is crucial in the management of these patients. Me...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2013.04.001
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an attempt to prevent preterm birth, clinicians have recommended cerclage for women with shortened cervical length and other worrisome sonographic cervical features in the mid-trimester, although randomized trials have not supported this practice. Emerging data suggest that preterm birth is a complex and poorly und...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2009.06.005
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peri-viable birth raises an array of complex moral and legal concerns. This article discusses the problem with defining viability, touches on its relationship to abortion jurisprudence, and analyzes a few interesting normative implications of current medical practice at the time of peri-viable birth. ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2013.07.009
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinically silent upper genital tract microbial infections have been strongly associated with spontaneous preterm delivery, especially prior to 32 weeks gestational age. This condition represents a potentially preventable or reversible cause of preterm birth using safe, readily available, and inexpensive antibiotics. ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(03)00006-5
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging scanners and sequences provides a new tool for the diagnosis of fetal anomalies. Magnetic resonance imaging is a valuable adjunct to prenatal ultrasound especially for the evaluation of suspected fetal brain anomalies, chest masses, abdominal masses, and renal di...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(99)80023-8
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In initiating enteral feedings for high-risk infants, clinicians struggle with three fundamental questions: When should enteral feedings be initiated? Should a period of trophic (minimal) feeding be provided? When feedings are advanced, how rapidly should the volume be increased? We present the findings of our systema...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2007.02.008
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth, low-birth weight, and infant mortality continue to disproportionately affect black and poor infants in the United States. Improvements in healthcare quality and access have not eliminated these disparities. The objective of this review was to consider societal factors, inc...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2017.07.002
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00