Abstract:
:The principal objective of antenatal testing is to detect fetal hypoxia before the fetus has suffered lasting harm. This article summarizes some of the mechanisms by which fetal oxygen consumption is maintained under normal conditions, and adaptations that occur in response to hypoxemia. Alterations in the fetal heart rate are prominent in the fetal response to hypoxemia and are the basis of some methods of antenatal testing. The principal mechanisms underlying these fetal heart rate changes are described. Adaptations in the distribution of blood flow that permit the fetus to deal with reduced oxygen levels are summarized. Developmental trends in fetal motility and behavior are outlined, and also how these are modified by fetal growth retardation and maternal diabetes. Fetal movements are suppressed during acute hypoxemia, but with gradually developing hypoxemia, normal movement patterns may continue until the fetus becomes acidemic. This may limit the use of these biophysical variables in antenatal testing.
journal_name
Semin Perinatoljournal_title
Seminars in perinatologyauthors
Martin CB Jrdoi
10.1053/j.semperi.2008.04.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-08-01 00:00:00pages
239-42issue
4eissn
0146-0005issn
1558-075Xpii
S0146-0005(08)00046-3journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Advances in genetic engineering have allowed the creation of animals with additional or deleted genes. New genes may be inserted in mice, specific genes inactivated or "knocked out," and more complex animals created in which genes can be turned on or off at different times in development or in different tissues. These...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.09.001
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hormones are necessary for the growth of mammary glands, for initiation of the secretory process, and for the maintenance of an established lactation in all mammals. Hormonal changes which occur in late pregnancy and the early postpartum period are described and graphed. This data was derived from research with anim...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2007.12.009
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2016.09.009
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2000.20085
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(00)80046-4
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.04.009
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of pregnant women who have type 2 diabetes and the number found to have gestational diabetes are progressively increasing. In the future, as many as 20% of pregnant women may be diagnosed with diabetes. Although there is consensus regarding many issues in the treatment of pregnant women with diabetes, there...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2017.07.002
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2003.12.002
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2012.06.003
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151356
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.05.010
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a preventable neovascular retinal disease with a lifetime impact on vision and ocular morbidities. Retinal vessel immaturity and oxygen therapy, influenced or modulated by several risk factors including oxidative stress, intermittent hypoxia and desaturations, inflammation, infectio...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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