Abstract:
:The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is now recognized as the body's most powerful hormone system for controlling renal hemodynamics and sodium excretion and, therefore, body fluid volumes and arterial pressure. The discovery of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) was a keystone for the understanding of the significance of the RAS since ACEi proved to be effective in controlling hypertension and heart failure and in preventing the development of the vascular injury of chronic diseases like scleroderma and diabetes mellitus. The success of ACEi stimulated the research into inhibitors of other actors of the RAS like renin or angiotensin receptor antagonists. It is not often realized that the discovery of ACEi owes a great deal to basic research in which the venom of a Brazilian viper, Bothrops Jararaca, was instrumental for the discovery of bradykinin by Rocha e Silva and the bradykinin potentiating factor. This article reviews the contribution of the converting enzyme inhibitors for the demonstration of the relevance of the RAS to several human pathologies.
journal_name
Semin Perinatoljournal_title
Seminars in perinatologyauthors
Ferreira SHdoi
10.1016/s0146-0005(00)80046-4keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-02-01 00:00:00pages
7-10issue
1eissn
0146-0005issn
1558-075Xpii
S0146-0005(00)80046-4journal_volume
24pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::The genetic sonogram is a composite algorithm combining multiple individual markers to increase Down syndrome risk prediction. Transformation of sonographic information into a standard mathematical format represented an early challenge that has now been surmounted. Using increasingly sophisticated mathematical techniq...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2005.06.005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate assessment of fetal growth status requires the definition of an optimal standard, which represents the growth potential of the baby. Against this standard, individually 'customized' percentiles can be calculated. They improve the distinction between normal and abnormal, and help in our understanding and diagn...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2003.12.002
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experience gathered over the last decade from high-risk centers provide strong evidence that mid-trimester sonographic markers are sensitive for Down syndrome prediction. More recent data indicate that combining mid trimester sonography with traditional serum markers significantly improves diagnostic accuracy over eit...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2003.50013
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the perinatal period has been the focus of research for several decades. Infants born preterm miss out on the last trimester in utero transfer of omega-3 fatty acids and consequently have lower blood levels than infants born at term. Preterm infant fo...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2019.06.004
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Up to half of all aortic dissections and ruptures in women younger than 40 years are associated with pregnancy. In pregnancy, women with aortic disease such as arteritis and aortitis are at significant risk of aneurysmal formation and dissection with potential for catastrophic outcomes. Pregnancy places predisposed wo...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2014.04.019
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The words research and experimentation continue to have the power to evoke fear in potential subjects. But much of standard practice, particularly in critical care settings, involves interventions of unknown efficacy and safety. Innovation also abounds in practice settings, typically unchecked by prospective or retros...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(98)80038-4
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal erythropoiesis is limited by a relatively inadequate production of erythropoietin. This is likely the result of dependence on the hepatic production of erythropoietin and an incomplete switchover to renal production. The present model of neonatal erythropoiesis suggests that the use of exogenous erythropoieti...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(97)80016-x
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ductus arteriosus is a vital fetal structure designed to close shortly after birth. Although many physiologic and pharmacologic investigations have characterized the closure of this structure, genetic studies of persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus (patent ductus arteriosus, PDA) are relatively recent. Prog...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2011.09.019
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the cesarean delivery (CD) rates have increased worldwide, operative vaginal delivery (OVD) rates continue to decline, with the United States having some of the lower rates amongst developed countries. It is clear that the use of forceps or vacuum can safely assist in accomplishing a vaginal delivery and prevent...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2012.04.021
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple gestation carries a significant risk of perinatal complications and mortality. Often twin neonates are delivered small and early with a perinatal mortality rate five to seven times that of singleton neonates. Increased morbidity and mortality is due to an increased incidence of antepartum complications, monoz...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a normal postnatal phenomenon resulting from a transitional imbalance between the production and elimination of bilirubin in the neonate. Bilirubin has been shown to be not only a potent antioxidant, but also toxic at excessive concentrations. As a result, the biology of bilirubin, its p...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2001.23197
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infants meeting retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening guidelines based on birth weight and gestational age undergo serial examinations by ophthalmologists for detection and treatment. However, less than 10% require treatment, and less than half develop ROP. Slow postnatal weight gain is highly predictive of ROP, ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2019.05.008
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this analysis was to determine the impact on specific forms of neonatal morbidity and mortality by allowing women to opt for delivery by elective cesarean section at 39 weeks of gestation (EGA). According to the National Vital Statistics Reports, over 70% of deliveries in the U.S. annually are at...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.07.009
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The medical literature demonstrates that inadequate hospital protocols or the lack of consistent protocols for diagnosis, management, consultation, and/or referral can lead to confusion and unnecessary variation in patient care. Incongruities in clinical settings have been repeatedly shown to compromise quality of pat...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.11.019
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased hemolysis in the presence of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia appears to augment the risk of bilirubin neurotoxicity. The mechanism of this intensifying effect is uncertain. In direct antiglobulin titer (DAT) positive, isoimmune hemolytic disease, the bilirubin threshold at which neurotoxicity occurs appea...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2014.08.006
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twin birth rates have increased dramatically over the past three decades, and twins currently account for 3% of all pregnancies. Twin pregnancies of any type are at risk for prematurity. In addition, monochorionic twin pregnancies (25-30% of all twin pregnancies) are predisposed to a specific set of complications, inc...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2014.10.005
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the literature on infectious diseases as a cause of stillbirth. Identifying a specific infection as a cause of stillbirth is limited by many obstacles. Nevertheless, "good faith" efforts estimate that approximately 9% to 15% of stillbirths are caused by infections. Infection may be especially impo...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2002.29839
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phototherapy for jaundice is a common treatment in neonatal medicine and is used to prevent the neurotoxic effects of bilirubin. Studies have assessed the optimal wavelength of phototherapy light, the importance of irradiance and spectral power, and the types of light source, including the use of single versus multipl...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2010.02.008
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There have been no controlled studies that clearly document a beneficial effect of TPN on neonatal mortality and morbidity. Beneficial effects such as reducing the time required to achieve some targeted weight and enhancing positive nitrogen balance are used in support of TPN. The positive opinion about TPN is strongl...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::With 50-90% of pregnant women experiencing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), the burden of illness can become quite significant if symptoms are under-treated and/or under-diagnosed, thus allowing for progression of the disease. The majority of these women will necessitate at least one visit with a provider to sp...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2014.08.014
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a preventable neovascular retinal disease with a lifetime impact on vision and ocular morbidities. Retinal vessel immaturity and oxygen therapy, influenced or modulated by several risk factors including oxidative stress, intermittent hypoxia and desaturations, inflammation, infectio...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2019.05.009
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mothers' genetics as well as their environment, behaviors, and social determinants of health are all important factors influencing short and long term childhood outcomes. There is an emerging body of literature investigating the extent to which fathers also contribute to their offspring's future health. We review fath...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151238
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surviving extremely low-birth-weight infants are at risk of severe neurodevelopmental disability. Transfusion with packed red cells is almost universal in the care of these infants, but the hemoglobin threshold at which these transfusions should be given is unclear. Different clinical trials of restrictive (low hemogl...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2012.04.010
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perinatal health outcomes in the United States continue to worsen, with the greatest burden of inequity falling on Black birthing communities. Despite transdisciplinary literature citing structural racism as a root cause of inequity, interventions continue to be mostly physician-centered models of perinatal and reprod...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151267
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Supplemental oxygen is often used as a life-saving therapy in the treatment of preterm infants. However, its protracted use can lead to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and more recently, has been associated with adversely affecting the general health of children and adolescents who were born prete...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2013.01.002
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) provided delivery care throughout the world prior to the development of organized systems of medical care. In 2016, an estimated 22% of pregnant women delivered with a TBA, mostly in rural or remote areas that lacked formal health services. Still active in many regions of LMICs, the...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2019.03.013
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infant mortality, fetal mortality, and preterm birth all represent important health challenges that have shown little recent improvement. The rate of decrease in both fetal and infant mortality has slowed in recent years, with little decrease since 2000 for infant mortality, and no significant decrease from 2003 to 20...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2011.02.017
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concern over the influence of pregnancy-related alterations in hydration has prompted questions regarding the accuracy of using standard methods of determining body composition. We sought to investigate whether differences exist between body composition determined at 30 weeks and 39 weeks of gestation and postpartum, ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(96)80027-9
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The American Heart Association (AHA) categorizes pulmonary embolism (PE) into three main categories based on the presence or absence of hemodynamic changes and evidence of right ventricular dysfunction. The AHA characterizes massive PE as occurring in the setting of persistent hypotension, profound bradycardia, or pul...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2019.03.005
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an attempt to prevent preterm birth, clinicians have recommended cerclage for women with shortened cervical length and other worrisome sonographic cervical features in the mid-trimester, although randomized trials have not supported this practice. Emerging data suggest that preterm birth is a complex and poorly und...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2009.06.005
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00