Abstract:
:Infant mortality, fetal mortality, and preterm birth all represent important health challenges that have shown little recent improvement. The rate of decrease in both fetal and infant mortality has slowed in recent years, with little decrease since 2000 for infant mortality, and no significant decrease from 2003 to 2005 for fetal mortality. The percentage of preterm births increased by 36% from 1984 to 2006, and then decreased by 4% from 2006 to 2008. There are substantial race and ethnic disparities in fetal and infant mortality and preterm birth, with non-Hispanic black women at greatest risk of unfavorable birth outcomes, followed by American Indian and Puerto Rican women. Infant mortality, fetal mortality, and preterm birth are multifactorial and interrelated problems with similarities in etiology, risk factors and disease pathways. Preterm birth prevention is critical to lowering the infant mortality rate, and to reducing race and ethnic disparities in infant mortality.
journal_name
Semin Perinatoljournal_title
Seminars in perinatologyauthors
MacDorman MFdoi
10.1053/j.semperi.2011.02.017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-08-01 00:00:00pages
200-8issue
4eissn
0146-0005issn
1558-075Xpii
S0146-0005(11)00046-2journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which complicates approximately 3% to 10% of all pregnancies leads to preferential hemodynamic changes in affected fetuses. Advanced ultrasound modalities allow reliable and reproducible assessment of the intrauterine fetal cardiac function. Among other methods, combined cardiac...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2008.02.010
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following dramatic reductions between the early 1900s and the early 1980s, the maternal mortality ratio began to rise, reaching a peak of almost 17 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Although this number pales in comparison with that found in sub-Saharan Africa and India, the troubling rise in the United States ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2011.09.004
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrasound has permeated the practice of anesthesiology and is becoming an essential tool for the obstetric anesthesiologist in the labor and delivery suite. The most common applications include guidance for neuraxial (epidural and spinal) anesthesia and acute pain nerve blocks, as well as guidance for central and per...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2014.07.006
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among risk factors for shoulder dystocia, a prior history of delivery complicated by shoulder dystocia is the single greatest risk factor for shoulder dystocia occurrence, with odds ratios 7 to 10 times that of the general population. Recurrence rates have been reported to be as high as 16%. Whereas prevention of shou...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2007.03.009
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary methods currently in use for imaging the infant brain are cranial ultrasound (CUS), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This review outlines the relative strengths and weaknesses of these modalities in relation to the premature infant, with specific focus on the correlations betw...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2004.10.004
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obstetric hemorrhage is often a sudden, life-threatening event. Successful management hinges on both preoperative preparation if hemorrhage is anticipated as well as knowledge of interventions. Uterine-sparing techniques, such as aggressive and early use of uterotonics, balloon tamponade, uterine compression sutures, ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2008.12.006
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many years, all of the described cases of monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency were associated with hyperphenylalaninemia that was generally detected at neonatal screening. It is now clear that inherited deficiency of monoamines often occurs in the absence of hyperphenylalaninemia and that the normal battery of s...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(99)80051-2
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostaglandins PGE2, PGD2, PGI2, and PGF2 alpha, as well as thromboxanes and leukotrienes, are synthesized by the fetal and neonatal kidney. The major prostaglandin, PGE2, PGD2, and PGI2, increase RBF, free water clearance, urine flow, and natriuresis. Alterations in the synthetic and catabolic activity of renal prost...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacotherapy, or medication-assisted treatment (MAT), is a critical component of a comprehensive treatment plan for the pregnant woman with opioid use disorder (OUD). Methadone and buprenorphine are two types of opioid-agonist therapy which prevent withdrawal symptoms and control opioid cravings. Methadone is a lon...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2019.01.003
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unexpectedness of genital ambiguity in an infant creates an urgent and stressful situation. A logical approach, using a team of specialists together with nursery staff and physicians, allows each member to contribute expertise and unnecessary overlap of investigations. The psychological needs of the parents should...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phototherapy for jaundice is a common treatment in neonatal medicine and is used to prevent the neurotoxic effects of bilirubin. Studies have assessed the optimal wavelength of phototherapy light, the importance of irradiance and spectral power, and the types of light source, including the use of single versus multipl...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2010.02.008
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of conjoined twins is complex and requires careful preparation. Pre-birth management includes prenatal counseling, which is important due to the overall poor prognosis. In instances of trial of life, the delivery must be tailored to address the anticipated anatomy based on prenatal imaging and anticipat...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2018.07.008
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Late preterm infants (34-37 weeks gestation) pose unique challenges to physicians and nurses involved in their care after birth. They may be cared for in different units within hospitals after birth, including Neonatal Intensive Care Units, Newborn Nurseries, or rooming in with the mother. As a result of their gestati...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.01.014
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the cesarean delivery (CD) rates have increased worldwide, operative vaginal delivery (OVD) rates continue to decline, with the United States having some of the lower rates amongst developed countries. It is clear that the use of forceps or vacuum can safely assist in accomplishing a vaginal delivery and prevent...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2012.04.021
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here we provide a brief overview of the natural process of labor and its biochemical, hormonal, and mechanical characteristics that can be exploited in methods employed for induction of labor. ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.07.001
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experience gathered over the last decade from high-risk centers provide strong evidence that mid-trimester sonographic markers are sensitive for Down syndrome prediction. More recent data indicate that combining mid trimester sonography with traditional serum markers significantly improves diagnostic accuracy over eit...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2003.50013
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a highly technical and complex method of life support. Patient and circuit emergencies on ECMO are rare, but in these cases, prompt and correct actions to address the crisis are needed to prevent morbidity and mortality. ECMO simulation programs have gained popularity in r...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2016.08.002
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although initially designed for respiratory failure, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) has become a mainstay of therapy in the treatment of patients with congenital heart disease, providing preoperative and postoperative support for infants with temporary impairment of myocardial function. Pos...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2004.02.001
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe inpatient management strategies and considerations for pregnant patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. FINDINGS:The novel coronavirus has posed challenges to both obstetric patients and the staff caring for them, due to its variable presentation and current limit...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151280
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) is intimately involved in vascular homeostasis through its antiplatelet, antiproliferative, and vasodilating actions. Because of these beneficial properties, methods of harnessing NO for the prevention of vascular injury responses, such as intimal hyperplasia, are being explored. One such method invo...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(00)80056-7
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In initiating enteral feedings for high-risk infants, clinicians struggle with three fundamental questions: When should enteral feedings be initiated? Should a period of trophic (minimal) feeding be provided? When feedings are advanced, how rapidly should the volume be increased? We present the findings of our systema...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2007.02.008
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Before sounds originating outside the abdomen of pregnant women can reach the inner ear of the fetus, they must first pass through the tissues and fluids surrounding the fetal head. Low-frequency sound energy easily penetrates to the fetal head, less than 5 dB attenuation for frequencies below 500 Hz, whereas higher f...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(96)80053-x
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hormones are necessary for the growth of mammary glands, for initiation of the secretory process, and for the maintenance of an established lactation in all mammals. Hormonal changes which occur in late pregnancy and the early postpartum period are described and graphed. This data was derived from research with anim...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::For nearly 30 years the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network has been conducting randomized trials in pregnant women, many of which have changed clinical practice. Since 1986, the MFMU Network has conducted 29 randomized tr...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2016.03.011
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The onset of preeclampsia at or near to term is associated with low maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. In contrast, those patients (1%) who suffer early onset preeclampsia engender significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, because of the lack of proven prophylaxis for preeclamp...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(99)80059-7
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the literature on infectious diseases as a cause of stillbirth. Identifying a specific infection as a cause of stillbirth is limited by many obstacles. Nevertheless, "good faith" efforts estimate that approximately 9% to 15% of stillbirths are caused by infections. Infection may be especially impo...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2002.29839
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple gestation carries a significant risk of perinatal complications and mortality. Often twin neonates are delivered small and early with a perinatal mortality rate five to seven times that of singleton neonates. Increased morbidity and mortality is due to an increased incidence of antepartum complications, monoz...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma may be the most common potentialy serious medical problem to complicate pregnancy. Because severe uncontrolled asthma may cause both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, pharmacological asthma therapy is often necessary during pregnancy. Only 1 published randomized controlled clinical trial has evaluated...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2001.24569
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in genetic engineering have allowed the creation of animals with additional or deleted genes. New genes may be inserted in mice, specific genes inactivated or "knocked out," and more complex animals created in which genes can be turned on or off at different times in development or in different tissues. These...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.09.001
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Candida is a leading cause of late onset infection (> 3 days of age) in the premature infant. Therefore, decisions about the diagnosis and management of infections caused by Candida are commonplace in the neonatal intensive care unit. Despite this fact, there are few comparative trials about treatment of neonatal Cand...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(03)00060-0
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00