Abstract：
:Four forelimbs of 3 platypuses and 3 forelimbs of 2 echidnas were examined to study the precise form of the brachial plexus and to clarify the structural characteristics of the brachial plexus in phylogeny. The spinal components contributing to the plexus (C4-T2) and the formation patterns of the 3 trunks of the plexus were the same as those generally observed in mammals. In the cranial half of the brachial plexus from C4, 5 and 6 in monotremes, division into the ventral bundle (lateral cord) and dorsal bundle (axillary nerve) is clear, as in other mammals. However, for monotremes, in the caudal half of the plexus from C7 and T1 (+T2) and the nerves arising from the caudal plexus there is no definite division into the ventral and dorsal bundles, which distribute to the flexor and extensor parts of the forelimbs, respectively. The lower trunk of the monotreme brachial plexus forms a cord which contains both ventral and dorsal components. This characteristic diverges from the generally accepted idea that the tetrapod limb plexus is divided clearly into 2 layers: a dorsal layer for extensors and a ventral layer for flexors of the limb. Considering the incomplete dorsoventral division of forelimb nerves in some reptiles and urodeles, the caudal half of the monotreme brachial plexus has characteristics in common with those of lower tetrapods.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Koizumi M,Sakai Tdoi
10.1046/j.1469-7580.1997.19030447.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-04-01 00:00:00pages
447-55eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580journal_volume
190 ( Pt 3)pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:To evaluate whether the lines occasionally detected on clinical magnetic resonance (MR) images are genuine hippocampal layers, a formalin fixed hippocampal specimen was scanned using T2 weighted sequences at 7 Tesla (voxel dimensions 0.064 x 0.064 x 1 mm) and at 1.5 Tesla (voxel dimensions: 0.156 x 0.156 x 1 mm) and c...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19510131.x
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12251
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12102
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doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00654.x
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00990.x
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00762.x
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19220293.x
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19330347.x
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01071.x
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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doi：10.1111/j.0021-8782.2005.00365.x
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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doi：
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19730461.x
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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doi：
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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doi：
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.13064
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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doi：
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01513.x
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19430323.x
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
