Abstract：
:A total histological grade does not necessarily distinguish between different manifestations of cartilage damage or degeneration. An accurate and reliable histological assessment method is required to separate normal and pathological tissue within a joint during treatment of degenerative joint conditions and to sub-classify the latter in meaningful ways. The Modified Mankin method may be adaptable for this purpose. We investigated how much detail may be lost by assigning one composite score/grade to represent different degenerative components of the osteoarthritic condition. We used four ovine injury models (sham surgery, anterior cruciate ligament/medial collateral ligament instability, simulated anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and meniscal removal) to induce different degrees and potentially 'types' (mechanisms) of osteoarthritis. Articular cartilage was systematically harvested, prepared for histological examination and graded in a blinded fashion using a Modified Mankin grading method. Results showed that the possible permutations of cartilage damage were significant and far more varied than the current intended use that histological grading systems allow. Of 1352 cartilage specimens graded, 234 different manifestations of potential histological damage were observed across 23 potential individual grades of the Modified Mankin grading method. The results presented here show that current composite histological grading may contain additional information that could potentially discern different stages or mechanisms of cartilage damage and degeneration in a sheep model. This approach may be applicable to other grading systems.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Moody HR,Heard BJ,Frank CB,Shrive NG,Oloyede AOdoi
10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01513.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-07-01 00:00:00pages
47-54issue
1eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580journal_volume
221pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The surface coating of the pneumonocytes in the lungs of five human neonates was studied by conventional electron microscopy and by cytochemical techniques. These techniques included staining with colloidal iron oxide, cationic ferritin, Ruthenium red, Ruthenium hexamine trichloride, high iron diamine and the periodic...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fabella is a sesamoid bone located in the gastrocnemius behind the lateral femoral condyle. In humans, fabellae are 3.5 times more common today than they were 100 years ago, with prevalence rates varying between and within populations. In particular, fabellae have been assumed to be more common in Asians than non-...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.13091
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chromaffin cells were observed singly or in clusters in the heart and sympathetic cord of 2 genera of dipnoan fish, Protopterus and Lepidosiren. They were invariably found in close association with the autonomic sympathetic nervous system and at sites where chromaffin cells or their precursors are situated in mammals ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to investigate the ultrastructure of secretory cells in the various regions of the goat oviduct during the follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. During the follicular phase in the fimbriae, the secretory cells contained small secretory granules with electron-dense matrice...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19540515.x
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A combination of stereology and physiology is used to estimate the morphometric diffusing capacity for oxygen of the normal human placenta at term. The morphometric diffusing capacity is found to be higher than published values determined by physiological methods. The most likely explanation for this discrepancy is th...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present a simple and quick system for accurately scoring the developmental progress of mouse embryos harvested on embryonic day 14 (E14.5). Based solely on the external appearance of the maturing forelimb, we provide a convenient way to distinguish six developmental sub-stages. Using a variety of objective morphome...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12590
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary complications are frequently observed after transthoracic oesophagectomy. These complications may be reduced by sparing the vagus nerve branches to the lung. However, current descriptions of the regional anatomy are insufficient. Therefore, we aimed to provide a highly detailed description of the course of t...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12366
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The type and number of cell contacts between fibroblasts were studied in three structurally distinct varieties of periodontal connective tissue in the rat mandible (periodontal ligament of the incisor, enamel-related connective tissue of the incisor and periodontal ligament of the molar). Three types of cell contact w...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The moment arm of a muscle represents its leverage or torque-producing capacity, and is indicative of the role of the muscle in joint actuation. The objective of this study was to undertake a systematic review of the moment arms of the major muscles spanning the glenohumeral joint during abduction, flexion and axial r...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12903
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An electron microscopic study of myelination was carried out in the anterior limb of the anterior commissure of the mouse brain. The total number of axons increased from 48 700 at 17 days post-conception to 286 500 at 11 days postnatum. The first evidence of myelination was the presence of a few promyelin fibres at 8 ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fertilised chicken eggs were incubated for 48 hours while exposed to pulsed trains of magnetic fields having a duration of 0-5 ms, a rise time of 42 microsecond, and a pulse repetition rate of 100 at a magnetic field flux density of 1 microT. Some eggs were exposed to 1,552 rad X-rays as a positive control. After expo...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dentine- and enamel-forming cells secrete matrix in consistent rhythmic phases, resulting in the formation of successive microscopic growth lines inside tooth crowns and roots. Experimental studies of various mammals have proven that these lines are laid down in subdaily, daily (circadian), and multidaily rhythms, but...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.13198
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male rats undernourished from about birth until 100 days of age were nutritionally rehabilitated until 200 days. Six control and six experimental rats were anaesthetised and X-rayed at each of 50, 100 and 200 days. Measurements of various skeletal dimensions, and estimates of skeletal maturity, were made from these ra...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two or three or sometimes more fine intracavernous branches were traced from the ophthalmic nerve using serial section reconstruction and induced nerve degeneration. They joined the cavernous plexus and were distributed forward with autonomic nerves to the adventitia of the internal carotid artery, emerging from the s...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ultrastructure of the tammar placenta was studied throughout pregnancy. The uterine epithelium grows from a columnar to an enlarged, undulating epithelium between early gestation and mid-gestation when the shell coat that surrounds the marsupial conceptus ruptures. Trophectoderm and uterine epithelium do not form ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00084.x
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effects of exercise on diaphragm degeneration and cardiomyopathy in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Mdx mice (11 months of age) were exercised (swimming) for 2 months to worsen diaphragm degeneration. Control mdx mice were kept sedentary. Morphological evaluation demonstrated increased fibrosis in the d...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12443
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study has demonstrated that cells stained using the zinc iodide-osmic acid (ZIO) method have the same fine structural features as those of fibroblasts. They have a well developed Golgi apparatus, granular endoplasmic reticulum and many mitochondria. They have no basal lamina. They are distributed in association w...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The arteries of the skin have been postulated to form a profound plexus at the dermal/hypodermal junction and a superficial plexus in the papillary dermis. Our article aims to rebut this concept and to provide an alternative description of the arrangement of the dermal arteries. Employing a novel technique, we produce...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12113
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The innervation of rat intervertebral disc and adjacent ligamentous tissue has been investigated using 2 antibodies, RT97 and anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide. Immunoreactivity to the peptide was found in many fibres throughout the long ligaments around the intervertebral discs and in the periosteum, especially as...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proper assessment of outcome in clinical trials of neural transplantation requires both biochemical and imaging indices of graft survival, and behavioural and physiological indices of graft function. For transplantation in Huntington's disease, a variety of ligands that are selective for striatal degeneration and graf...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19640597.x
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kokartus honorarius from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Kyrgyzstan is one of the oldest salamanders in the fossil record, characterized by a mixture of plesiomorphic morphological features and characters shared with crown-group salamanders. Here we present a detailed histological analysis of its long bones. The an...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12281
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present paper reports the results of the first investigation of the semicircular canals in a living, small animal by means of high spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging. This procedure is noninvasive and allows identification of the endolymphatic and perilymphatic spaces yielding a morphology quite consist...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aortic plexus is a network of sympathetic nerves positioned along the infrarenal abdominal aorta. Recently, we characterized the aortic plexus and its ganglia (inferior mesenteric, left/right spermatic, and prehypogastric ganglion) in males; however, the literature minimally describes its anatomy in females. In th...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12436
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The T-tubule system in cardiac muscle cells has been investigated with the electron microscope in 10 adult rats after infiltration with horseradish peroxidase. All cardiac muscle cells possess a T-system, but its complexity varies according to the region of the heart. It is most extensive in the general ventricular my...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The urethra is the main place of entry for sexually transmitted pathogens. However, there is little literature on the morphology of the urogenital system, principally the urethra and ducts of the sex accessory glands. The Mongolian gerbil is an insectivorous, herbivorous and monogamous rodent with nocturnal habits; it...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00181.x
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The surface area and volume of 79 human fetuses (body weight 8-4080 g) were estimated by use of a geometric method. It was found that body surface area increased by a factor of about 70, and body volume by a factor of about 400, during the fetal period. Surface area (S, in cm2) was related to body weight (W, in g) and...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cytoarchitecture of the intra-ocular optic nerve was investigated by light and electron microscopy. Glial cells in the intra-ocular portion are disposed among the axons, either scattered or forming columns, and bordering the nervous parenchyma. Astroglia forms the limiting glia that separates the optic nerve from ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultrasound of the calcaneus may be used as a cheap, ionising radiation-free and easy to use indicator of skeletal status, and hence of osteoporotic fracture risk. At present ultrasound is not widely used as it suffers from high precision errors. As ultrasound parameters are determined in part by bone mineral density (...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19330449.x
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An unbiased stereological counting device (the fractionator) was used to count Purkinje neurons in mammalian cerebella of known weights in order to define the relationship between weight and number. Nucleoli were chosen as the counting unit and numbers were estimated from uniform random samples of wax-embedded tissue ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proximal stump of the optic nerve was examined by electron microscopy from 1 d to 8 wk (dpo/wpo) after intraorbital transection. At 1 dpo a layer of axonal, cytoplasmic and myelin debris approximately 15 microns thick was present at the cut end. A zone approximately 25 microns thick of abnormal and partly degenera...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
