Abstract:
:This investigation is based upon the pineal organs of 92 specimens of 36 species of the family Pteropodidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera). The size of the megachiropteran pineal correlates well with body size (r = 0.864), confirming the former conclusions that generally larger bodied bats have larger pineals. The range of the pineal size index in 36 megachiropteran species is from 33 to 4393. In most species the pineal organs are small, deeply recessed under the cerebral hemispheres and of Type A (except in Dobsonia and Pteropus, where they are of Type alpha beta C and AB, respectively). Morphological and volumetric data gathered from serially sectioned brains include body and brain weights, pineal type, dimensions, volume and size index for each species. There are distinct dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the pineal in some species and a clear separation of pineal parenchyma into cortical and medullary regions in others. In several species where overlying ependyma is lacking pinealocyte clusters communicate freely with the CSF. Groups of intrapineal neurons are noted in the connective tissue beside blood vessels. The habenular commissure shows much interspecific variation in its course through the pineal. Detailed examination of pineal-brain relationships clearly suggests that, due to the generally deep location of the pineal in relation to cerebral hemispheres, pinealectomies in the species studied may be extremely difficult, it not entirely impossible. The absolutely and relatively largest pineal organ among bats, and relatively perhaps among all vertebrates, has been discovered in the New Guinean naked-backed bat, Dobsonia praedatrix, with pineal size index of 4393, and a volume of 16.3447 mm3, which is 0.56% of the brain. This alpha beta C-type, mushroom-shaped, solid and compact pineal organ measures 5.33 x 4.51 mm. The cortical and medullary parenchyma are divided into lobes by large calibre blood vessels along which numerous intrapineal neurons are observed. A smaller but similarly shaped pineal is noted in the other three Dobsonia. Data on the largest known pineals in ratitae birds, seals and walruses have been compared with that of D. praedatrix and the human pineal. This study supports the hypothesis that pineal development may reflect dependence on habitat and possibly other related factors.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Bhatnagar KP,Frahm HD,Stephan Hsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-02-01 00:00:00pages
143-66eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580journal_volume
168pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cells migrating from the neural crest are known to septate the outflow tract of the developing heart, and to contribute to the formation of the arterial valves, their supporting sinuses, the coronary arteries and cardiac neural ganglia. Neural crest cells have also been suggested to contribute to development of the ve...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00833.x
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The horizontal and vertical diameters of the pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae were measured from plain anteroposterior radiographs of the lumbar spines of male and female subjects aged from 10 to 65 y. The results showed that there were significant differences between the pedicle diameters of males and females. Horizo...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In most mammalian species the cardiac skeleton is composed of coarse collagen fibres, fibrocartilage, and pieces of hyaline cartilage. Bone, the os cordis, is a regular constituent of the ruminant heart. The cardiac skeleton of the otter (Lutra lutra) has not previously been described. The skeleton in 30 otter hearts ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19630485.x
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Continuous tooth replacement is common for tetrapods, but some groups of acrodont lepidosaurs have lost the ability to replace their dentition (monophyodonty). Acrodonty, where the tooth attaches to the apex of the jawbone, is an unusual form of tooth attachment that has been associated with the highly autapomorphic c...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12754
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comb and wattle tissues, which consist of layers of epidermis, dermis and central connective tissue, are known to contain sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including dermatan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate-dermatan sulphate copolymers. Little is known about distribution of these CAGs in each tissue. The objective...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary complications are frequently observed after transthoracic oesophagectomy. These complications may be reduced by sparing the vagus nerve branches to the lung. However, current descriptions of the regional anatomy are insufficient. Therefore, we aimed to provide a highly detailed description of the course of t...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12366
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The retinal vasculature of postmortem normal human and diabetic eyes was studied using an immunohistochemical technique in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy. The technique, which stained for von Willebrand factor, allowed both large areas of the retinal vasculature to be visualised and abnormalities ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19410089.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Facial expressions are a critical mode of non-vocal communication for many mammals, particularly non-human primates. Although chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have an elaborate repertoire of facial signals, little is known about the facial expression (i.e. mimetic) musculature underlying these movements, especially when ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00523.x
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The T-tubule system in cardiac muscle cells has been investigated with the electron microscope in 10 adult rats after infiltration with horseradish peroxidase. All cardiac muscle cells possess a T-system, but its complexity varies according to the region of the heart. It is most extensive in the general ventricular my...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of animal morphology can be understood as a series of changes in developmental programs. Among vertebrates, some developmental stages are conserved across species, representing particular developmental constraints. One of the most conserved stages is the vertebrate pharyngula, in which similar embryonic ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00483.x
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A silver impregnation technique (Linder, 1978) has been applied to whole mounts of the rat iris. The results suggest that only sensory fibres, both myelinated and non-myelinated, are stained. They disappear only after a trigeminal lesion and their distribution is different from that of catecholaminergic intrinsic fibr...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structure and relative degree of mineralisation of antler and pedicle bone of yearling red deer stags exposed either to low or high levels of environmental fluoride were determined by digital quantitative backscattered electron (BSE) imaging. Bone fluoride content (BFC) in antlers (845 +/- 86 mg F-/kg ash, arithme...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19610071.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age-related changes are reported in the rat suprapatella: a fibrocartilage that resists compression of the quadriceps tendon against the femur in the flexed knee. The suprapatella was studied by histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in rats aged 11-14 weeks, and 12, 15, 18 and 24 months. Type II coll...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endoskeleton of elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) is comprised largely of unmineralized cartilage, differing fundamentally from the bony skeletons of other vertebrates. Elasmobranch skeletons are further distinguished by a tessellated surface mineralization, a layer of minute, polygonal, mineralized tiles called tes...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12508
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the small intestine of the sheep is relatively mature at birth, there are still vacuolated enterocytes present for at least 2 days in distal regions. In the distal regions, vacuolated cells possess a range of vesicle morphology which might be indicative of at least 2 separate routes for enterocyte handling of...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some aspects of normal obliteration of sutures in rabbit and man were studied histologically and it was found that suture closure took place by intramembranous ossification in specific areas of trans-suturally arranged, tendon-like tissue. Histochemically these areas demonstrated high activity of oxidative enzymes. ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of amniotic papillae in sheep was investigated by light transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Papillae were found on the amnion near the umbilical cord in a majority of the sheep examined, from early mid-term onwards. The papillae possessed a basic connective tissue core with a varying degree of...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is expressed in differentiating and post-mitotic neurons of the zebrafish embryo, where it has been implicated in Huntington's disease. Little is known, however, about the full complement of neuronal cell types that express BDNF in this important vertebrate model. Here...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12168
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scanning microinterferometric measurements were made of matrix dry mass in the intermediate layer of normal rabbit patellar articular cartilage and in the area surrounding standard, experimental, full-thickness lesions of 1-5 mm diameter. The lesions were created in 1 kg animals and were allowed to heal for up to 3 we...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epithalamus is a major subdivision of the diencephalon constituted by the habenular nuclei and pineal complex. Structural asymmetries in this region are widespread amongst vertebrates and involve differences in size. neuronal organisation, neurochemistry and connectivity. In species that possess a photoreceptive p...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910063.x
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews recent work in radiological image registration and provides a classification of image registration by type of transformation and by methods employed to compute the transformation. The former includes transformation of 2D images to 2D images of the same individual, transformation of 3D images to 3D i...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19330347.x
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of the present study were to determine whether nerves that contain nitric oxide synthase (NOS), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP) are present in the human vagina and, if so, to determine the pattern of innervation relative to that of other neurotransmitters, particularly vasoactive in...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An electron microscopic study of myelination was carried out in the anterior limb of the anterior commissure of the mouse brain. The total number of axons increased from 48 700 at 17 days post-conception to 286 500 at 11 days postnatum. The first evidence of myelination was the presence of a few promyelin fibres at 8 ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitotic response to wounding was examined in ulcers resulting from the excision of small pieces of rectal mucous membrane in two groups of guinea-pigs. One group was wounded at 09.00 hours and a second group at 21.00 hours. Mitotic counts were carried out in the glandular epithelium at the ulcer edges at 2 hourly ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anatomical specimens used in human or veterinary anatomy laboratories are usually prepared with formaldehyde (a cancerous and teratogenic substance), glycerin (an expensive and viscous fluid), or ethanol (which is flammable). This research aimed to verify the viability of an aqueous 30% sodium chloride solution for pr...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12185
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 2D arrangement of rows of enamel rods with alternating (decussating) tilt angles across the thickness of the inner layer in rat and mouse incisor enamel is well known and assumed to occur in a uniform and repetitive pattern. Some irregularities in the arrangement of rows have been reported, but no detailed investi...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.13053
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The arteries of the skin have been postulated to form a profound plexus at the dermal/hypodermal junction and a superficial plexus in the papillary dermis. Our article aims to rebut this concept and to provide an alternative description of the arrangement of the dermal arteries. Employing a novel technique, we produce...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12113
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The common internal iliac artery in the sheep gives rise to the arteries which are the primary source of blood to the uterus. We have used a vascular occluder placed on the common internal iliac artery of the pregnant sheep to induce and study the effects of chronic fetal hypoxaemia. We have noted that uterine blood f...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study uses a bovine patella model to compare the relative merits of on-bone compliance and thickness measurements, free-swelling behaviour, and structural imaging with differential interference contrast (DIC) light microscopy to assess the biomechanical normality of the cartilage matrix. The results demonstrate t...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00184.x
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Networks linking single genes to multiple phenotypic outcomes can be founded on local anatomical interactions as well as on systemic factors like biochemical products. Here we explore the effects of such interactions by investigating the competing spatial demands of brain and masticatory muscle growth within the hyper...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.13393
更新日期:2021-01-13 00:00:00