Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome.

abstract：:Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) must achieve a balance between quiescence and activation that fulfils immediate demands for haematopoiesis without compromising long-term stem cell maintenance, yet little is known about the molecular events governing this balance. Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) functions as a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang J,Grindley JC,Yin T,Jayasinghe S,He XC,Ross JT,Haug JS,Rupp D,Porter-Westpfahl KS,Wiedemann LM,Wu H,Li L

更新日期：2006-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:In the era of precision cosmology, it is essential to determine the Hubble constant empirically with an accuracy of one per cent or better1. At present, the uncertainty on this constant is dominated by the uncertainty in the calibration of the Cepheid period-luminosity relationship2,3 (also known as the Leavitt law). ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pietrzyński G,Graczyk D,Gallenne A,Gieren W,Thompson IB,Pilecki B,Karczmarek P,Górski M,Suchomska K,Taormina M,Zgirski B,Wielgórski P,Kołaczkowski Z,Konorski P,Villanova S,Nardetto N,Kervella P,Bresolin F,Kudritzki RP

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The overexpression of defined transcription factors in somatic cells results in their reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The extremely low efficiency and slow kinetics of in vitro reprogramming suggest that further rare events are required to generate iPS cells. The nature and identity of these e...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Utikal J,Polo JM,Stadtfeld M,Maherali N,Kulalert W,Walsh RM,Khalil A,Rheinwald JG,Hochedlinger K

更新日期：2009-08-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Pluto's tenuous nitrogen atmosphere was first detected by the imprint left on the light curve of a star that was occulted by the planet in 1985 (ref. 1), and studied more extensively during a second occultation event in 1988 (refs 2-6). These events are, however, quite rare and Pluto's atmosphere remains poorly unders...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sicardy B,Widemann T,Lellouch E,Veillet C,Cuillandre JC,Colas F,Roques F,Beisker W,Kretlow M,Lagrange AM,Gendron E,Lacombe F,Lecacheux J,Birnbaum C,Fienga A,Leyrat C,Maury A,Raynaud E,Renner S,Schultheis M,Brooks

更新日期：2003-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the cytoskeleton during viral infection is poorly understood. Here we show, using a combination of mutant and drug studies, that the intracellular enveloped form of vaccinia virus is capable of inducing the formation of actin tails that are strikingly similar to those seen in Listeria, Shigella and Rickett...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cudmore S,Cossart P,Griffiths G,Way M

更新日期：1995-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Freeman M

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1975-79, joint expeditions from Yale University and the Geological Survey of Pakistan (YGSP) recovered fossil lorisids in the Siwalik Group of Pakistan from four localities, spanning a period before 10 Myr ago to about 7 Myr ago. In three of the localities, only isolated teeth or fragments were found, whereas the f...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jacobs LL

更新日期：1981-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Soft machines are a promising design paradigm for human-centric devices1,2 and systems required to interact gently with their environment3,4. To enable soft machines to respond intelligently to their surroundings, compliant sensory feedback mechanisms are needed. Specifically, soft alternatives to strain gauges-with h...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Araromi OA,Graule MA,Dorsey KL,Castellanos S,Foster JR,Hsu WH,Passy AE,Vlassak JJ,Weaver JC,Walsh CJ,Wood RJ

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chiao M

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Climate models with increased levels of carbon dioxide predict that global warming causes heating in the tropics, but investigations of ancient climates based on palaeodata have generally indicated cool tropical temperatures during supposed greenhouse episodes. For example, in the Late Cretaceous and Eocene epochs the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pearson PN,Ditchfield PW,Singano J,Harcourt-Brown KG,Nicholas CJ,Olsson RK,Shackleton NJ,Hall MA

更新日期：2001-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Separation of eukaryotic sister chromatids during the cell cycle is timed by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and ultimately triggered when separase cleaves cohesion-mediating cohesin1-3. Silencing of the SAC during metaphase activates the ubiquitin ligase APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex, also known as the cycl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hellmuth S,Gómez-H L,Pendás AM,Stemmann O

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Features that were once considered exclusive to modern birds, such as feathers and a furcula, are now known to have first appeared in non-avian dinosaurs. However, relatively little is known of the early evolutionary history of the hyperinflated brain that distinguishes birds from other living reptiles and provides th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Balanoff AM,Bever GS,Rowe TB,Norell MA

更新日期：2013-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is controlled by intrinsic factors and niche signals. In the Drosophila melanogaster ovary, some intrinsic factors promote germline stem cell (GSC) self-renewal, whereas others stimulate differentiation. However, it remains poorly understood how the balanc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pan L,Wang S,Lu T,Weng C,Song X,Park JK,Sun J,Yang ZH,Yu J,Tang H,McKearin DM,Chamovitz DA,Ni J,Xie T

更新日期：2014-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to differentiate stimuli predicting positive or negative outcomes is critical for survival, and perturbations of emotional processing underlie many psychiatric disease states. Synaptic plasticity in the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) mediates the acquisition of associative memories, both positive and n...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Namburi P,Beyeler A,Yorozu S,Calhoon GG,Halbert SA,Wichmann R,Holden SS,Mertens KL,Anahtar M,Felix-Ortiz AC,Wickersham IR,Gray JM,Tye KM

更新日期：2015-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:During cell division, sister chromosomes segregate from each other on a microtubule-based structure called the mitotic spindle. Proteins bind to the centromere, a region of chromosomal DNA, to form the kinetochore, which mediates chromosome attachment to the mitotic spindle microtubules. In the budding yeast Saccharom...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hyman AA,Middleton K,Centola M,Mitchison TJ,Carbon J

更新日期：1992-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Seventeen hominoid fossils recovered from Pliocene strata at Aramis, Middle Awash, Ethiopia make up a series comprising dental, cranial and postcranial specimens dated to around 4.4 million years ago. When compared with Australopithecus afarensis and with modern and fossil apes the Aramis fossil hominids are recognize...

journal_title：Nature

authors： White TD,Suwa G,Asfaw B

更新日期：1994-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent discovery of a pterosaur egg with embryonic skeleton and soft tissues from the Yixian Formation confirmed that the flying pterosaurs were oviparous. Here we describe another pterosaur egg whose exquisite preservation indicates that the shell structure was soft and leathery. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ji Q,Ji SA,Cheng YN,You HL,Lü JC,Liu YQ,Yuan CX

更新日期：2004-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the dominant oxygenic phototroph in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world's oceans. It can grow at a range of depths over which light intensities can vary by up to 4 orders of magnitude. This broad depth distribution has been hypothesized to stem from the coexistence o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Moore LR,Rocap G,Chisholm SW

更新日期：1998-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:In mammals, one of the most pronounced consequences of viral infection is the induction of type I interferons, cytokines with potent antiviral activity. Schlafen (Slfn) genes are a subset of interferon-stimulated early response genes (ISGs) that are also induced directly by pathogens via the interferon regulatory fact...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Li M,Kao E,Gao X,Sandig H,Limmer K,Pavon-Eternod M,Jones TE,Landry S,Pan T,Weitzman MD,David M

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purified p21src protein of Harvey sarcoma virus shows a guanine nucleotide-binding activity and, in addition, at elevated temperature an autophosphorylating activity at a threonine residue using as phosphoryl donor GTP or dGTP but not ATP or dATP. These biochemical activities are unique among those associated with...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shih TY,Papageorge AG,Stokes PE,Weeks MO,Scolnick EM

更新日期：1980-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The preparation of synthetic molecules showing the remarkable efficiencies characteristic of natural biopolymer catalysts remains a formidable challenge for chemical biology. Although significant advances have been made in the understanding of protein structure and function, the de novo construction of such systems re...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Severin K,Lee DH,Kennan AJ,Ghadiri MR

更新日期：1997-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Three-wave mixing in nonlinear materials--the interaction of two light waves to produce a third--is a convenient way of generating new optical frequencies from common laser sources. However, the resulting optical conversion yield is generally poor, because the relative phases of the three interacting waves change cont...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Baudrier-Raybaut M,Haïdar R,Kupecek P,Lemasson P,Rosencher E

更新日期：2004-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Spin dynamics in antiferromagnets has much shorter timescales than in ferromagnets, offering attractive properties for potential applications in ultrafast devices1-3. However, spin-current generation via antiferromagnetic resonance and simultaneous electrical detection by the inverse spin Hall effect in heavy metals h...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Li J,Wilson CB,Cheng R,Lohmann M,Kavand M,Yuan W,Aldosary M,Agladze N,Wei P,Sherwin MS,Shi J

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribosome-driven protein biosynthesis is comprised of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination and recycling. In bacteria, ribosome recycling requires ribosome recycling factor and elongation factor G, and several structures of bacterial recycling complexes have been determined. In the eukaryotic and archaeal k...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Becker T,Franckenberg S,Wickles S,Shoemaker CJ,Anger AM,Armache JP,Sieber H,Ungewickell C,Berninghausen O,Daberkow I,Karcher A,Thomm M,Hopfner KP,Green R,Beckmann R

更新日期：2012-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:During wild-type development, a protein product of the Caenorhabditis elegans heterochronic gene lin-14 is localized to nuclei of specific somatic cells in embryos and early larvae, but is absent in late larvae and adult soma. Gain-of-function lin-14 mutations cause the level of lin-14 protein to remain high throughou...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ruvkun G,Giusto J

更新日期：1989-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Phototransduction in invertebrate microvillar photoreceptors is thought to be mediated by the activation of phospholipase C (PLC), but how this leads to gating of the light-sensitive channels is unknown. Most attention has focused on inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, a second messenger produced by PLC from phosphatidylino...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chyb S,Raghu P,Hardie RC

更新日期：1999-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Diffuse gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumours in adults and include glioblastomas and World Health Organization (WHO) grade II and grade III tumours (sometimes referred to as lower-grade gliomas). Genetic tumour profiling is used to classify disease and guide therapy1,2, but involves brain surgery for ti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Miller AM,Shah RH,Pentsova EI,Pourmaleki M,Briggs S,Distefano N,Zheng Y,Skakodub A,Mehta SA,Campos C,Hsieh WY,Selcuklu SD,Ling L,Meng F,Jing X,Samoila A,Bale TA,Tsui DWY,Grommes C,Viale A,Souweidane MM,Tabar V,

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Susceptibility to some human diseases is linked, albeit weakly, to major transplantation antigens (HLA) encoded by the major histocompatibility gene complex (MHC). Here we have studied MHC/disease association in inbred strains of mice after intracerebral (i.c.) injection of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). T...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zinkernagel RM,Pfau CJ,Hengartner H,Althage A

更新日期：1985-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：:A continuous array of overlapping clones covering the entire human chromosome 21q was constructed from human yeast artificial chromosome libraries using sequence-tagged sites as landmarks specifically detected by polymerase chain reaction. The yeast artificial chromosome contiguous unit starts with pericentromeric and...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chumakov I,Rigault P,Guillou S,Ougen P,Billaut A,Guasconi G,Gervy P,LeGall I,Soularue P,Grinas L

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biodiversity is rapidly declining, and this may negatively affect ecosystem processes, including economically important ecosystem services. Previous studies have shown that biodiversity has positive effects on organisms and processes across trophic levels. However, only a few studies have so far incorporated an explic...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Scherber C,Eisenhauer N,Weisser WW,Schmid B,Voigt W,Fischer M,Schulze ED,Roscher C,Weigelt A,Allan E,Bessler H,Bonkowski M,Buchmann N,Buscot F,Clement LW,Ebeling A,Engels C,Halle S,Kertscher I,Klein AM,Koller R,

更新日期：2010-11-25 00:00:00