Palaeontology: pterosaur egg with a leathery shell.

abstract：:Apoptosis is a highly regulated process that is crucial for normal development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. The p35 protein from baculoviruses effectively prevents apoptosis by its broad-spectrum caspase inhibition. Here we report the crystal structure of p35 in complex with human caspase-8 at 3.0 A res...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Xu G,Cirilli M,Huang Y,Rich RL,Myszka DG,Wu H

更新日期：2001-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate are extracellular sugar chains involved in intercellular signalling. Disruptions of genes encoding enzymes that mediate glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis have severe consequences in Drosophila and mice. Mutations in the Drosophila gene sugarless, which ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mizuguchi S,Uyama T,Kitagawa H,Nomura KH,Dejima K,Gengyo-Ando K,Mitani S,Sugahara K,Nomura K

更新日期：2003-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental and simulation studies show that small monomeric proteins fold in one kinetic step, which entails overcoming the free-energy barrier between the unfolded and the native protein through a transition state. Two models of transition state formation have been proposed: a 'nonspecific' one in which it depends ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shakhnovich E,Abkevich V,Ptitsyn O

更新日期：1996-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The US Congress is well-known for tucking special provisions for favoured projects into budget bills. David Goldston explains why 'earmarks' for research and development have risen so dramatically in recent years. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goldston D

更新日期：2007-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The eight catalytic subunits of the mammalian phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) family form the backbone of an evolutionarily conserved signalling pathway; however, the roles of most PI(3)K isoforms in organismal physiology and disease are unknown. To delineate the role of p110alpha, a ubiquitously expressed PI(3)...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Foukas LC,Claret M,Pearce W,Okkenhaug K,Meek S,Peskett E,Sancho S,Smith AJ,Withers DJ,Vanhaesebroeck B

更新日期：2006-05-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Major ice sheets were permanently established on Antarctica approximately 34 million years ago, close to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, at the same time as a permanent deepening of the calcite compensation depth in the world's oceans. Until recently, it was thought that Northern Hemisphere glaciation began much later,...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Edgar KM,Wilson PA,Sexton PF,Suganuma Y

更新日期：2007-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Protons participate in most biologically important reactions, as substrates, products, cofactors and modulators, and proton transport is an essential step in energy transduction. The dynamics of protonation reactions have been studied extensively in solution and in model systems involving lipid-water interfaces, but h...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Prod'hom B,Pietrobon D,Hess P

更新日期：1987-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been suspected of causing de novo copy number variation. To explore this issue, here we perform a whole-genome and transcriptome analysis of 20 human iPSC lines derived from the primary skin fibroblasts of seven individuals using next-generati...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Abyzov A,Mariani J,Palejev D,Zhang Y,Haney MS,Tomasini L,Ferrandino AF,Rosenberg Belmaker LA,Szekely A,Wilson M,Kocabas A,Calixto NE,Grigorenko EL,Huttner A,Chawarska K,Weissman S,Urban AE,Gerstein M,Vaccarino FM

更新日期：2012-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib are approved treatments for non-small cell lung cancers harbouring activating mutations in the EGFR kinase, but resistance arises rapidly, most frequently owing to the secondary T790M mutation withi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jia Y,Yun CH,Park E,Ercan D,Manuia M,Juarez J,Xu C,Rhee K,Chen T,Zhang H,Palakurthi S,Jang J,Lelais G,DiDonato M,Bursulaya B,Michellys PY,Epple R,Marsilje TH,McNeill M,Lu W,Harris J,Bender S,Wong KK,Jänne PA

更新日期：2016-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the dominant oxygenic phototroph in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world's oceans. It can grow at a range of depths over which light intensities can vary by up to 4 orders of magnitude. This broad depth distribution has been hypothesized to stem from the coexistence o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Moore LR,Rocap G,Chisholm SW

更新日期：1998-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Spintronics relies on the transport of spins, the intrinsic angular momentum of electrons, as an alternative to the transport of electron charge as in conventional electronics. The long-term goal of spintronics research is to develop spin-based, low-dissipation computing-technology devices. Recently, long-distance tra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lebrun R,Ross A,Bender SA,Qaiumzadeh A,Baldrati L,Cramer J,Brataas A,Duine RA,Kläui M

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A psychotherapeutic regimen that uses alternating bilateral sensory stimulation (ABS) has been used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder. However, the neural basis that underlies the long-lasting effect of this treatment-described as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing-has not been identified. Here we des...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Baek J,Lee S,Cho T,Kim SW,Kim M,Yoon Y,Kim KK,Byun J,Kim SJ,Jeong J,Shin HS

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-pressure transitions are thought to modify hydrogen molecules to a molecular metallic solid and finally to an atomic metal1, which is predicted to have exotic physical properties and the topology of a two-component (electron and proton) superconducting superfluid condensate2,3. Therefore, understanding such trans...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ji C,Li B,Liu W,Smith JS,Majumdar A,Luo W,Ahuja R,Shu J,Wang J,Sinogeikin S,Meng Y,Prakapenka VB,Greenberg E,Xu R,Huang X,Yang W,Shen G,Mao WL,Mao HK

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunization of male and female animals with extracts of whole sperm cells is known to cause infertility. Also, men and women who spontaneously produce antisperm antibodies are infertile but otherwise healthy. Although the critical sperm antigens are unknown, these observations have led to the proposal that sperm prot...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Primakoff P,Lathrop W,Woolman L,Cowan A,Myles D

更新日期：1988-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The unusual helium-rich (type Ib) supernova SN 2005E is distinguished from all supernovae hitherto observed by its faint and rapidly fading light curve, prominent calcium lines in late-phase spectra and lack of any mark of recent star formation near the supernova location. These properties are claimed to be explained ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kawabata KS,Maeda K,Nomoto K,Taubenberger S,Tanaka M,Deng J,Pian E,Hattori T,Itagaki K

更新日期：2010-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has a key role in the antigen-specific clonal growth of T lymphocytes, by virtue of its interaction with a specific cell-surface receptor (IL-2R). The growth signal seems to be delivered by IL-2 bound to the high-affinity, but not the low-affinity, receptor. Genes encoding IL-2 and its receptor (t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hatakeyama M,Minamoto S,Uchiyama T,Hardy RR,Yamada G,Taniguchi T

更新日期：1985-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In mice gamma delta T-cell populations with distinct T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires and homing properties have been identified. Diversified populations are found in lymphoid organs and intestinal epithelia. By contrast, the gamma delta T-cells that have been found in the murine skin are homogeneous. They express a ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Itohara S,Farr AG,Lafaille JJ,Bonneville M,Takagaki Y,Haas W,Tonegawa S

更新日期：1990-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin and growth of magnetic fields in galaxies is still something of an enigma. It is generally assumed that seed fields are amplified over time through the dynamo effect, but there are few constraints on the timescale. It was recently demonstrated that field strengths as traced by rotation measures of distant (...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bernet ML,Miniati F,Lilly SJ,Kronberg PP,Dessauges-Zavadsky M

更新日期：2008-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bietz A

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A characteristic feature of induced pinocytosis in Amoeba proteus is the formation of broad channels by invagination of the cell membrane. This process, which requires Ca2+, occurs in response to depolarising cations. High Ca2+ levels reduce pinocytosis induced by cations such as Na+ and Tris+, whereas pinocytosis ind...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Josefsson JO,Johansson P

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expansion of anthropogenic noise and night lighting across our planet1,2 is of increasing conservation concern3-6. Despite growing knowledge of physiological and behavioural responses to these stimuli from single-species and local-scale studies, whether these pollutants affect fitness is less clear, as is how and why ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Senzaki M,Barber JR,Phillips JN,Carter NH,Cooper CB,Ditmer MA,Fristrup KM,McClure CJW,Mennitt DJ,Tyrrell LP,Vukomanovic J,Wilson AA,Francis CD

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measles virus is an aerosol-transmitted virus that affects more than 10 million children each year and accounts for approximately 120,000 deaths. Although it was long believed to replicate in the respiratory epithelium before disseminating, it was recently shown to infect initially macrophages and dendritic cells of t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mühlebach MD,Mateo M,Sinn PL,Prüfer S,Uhlig KM,Leonard VH,Navaratnarajah CK,Frenzke M,Wong XX,Sawatsky B,Ramachandran S,McCray PB Jr,Cichutek K,von Messling V,Lopez M,Cattaneo R

更新日期：2011-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The spatial organization of the genome is intimately linked to its biological function, yet our understanding of higher order genomic structure is coarse, fragmented and incomplete. In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, interphase chromosomes occupy distinct chromosome territories, and numerous models have been proposed...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dixon JR,Selvaraj S,Yue F,Kim A,Li Y,Shen Y,Hu M,Liu JS,Ren B

更新日期：2012-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Yeast phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (Sec14p) is required for the production of secretory vesicles from the Golgi. This requirement can be relieved by inactivation of the cytosine 5'-diphosphate (CDP)-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, indicating that Sec14p is an essential component of a reg...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kearns BG,McGee TP,Mayinger P,Gedvilaite A,Phillips SE,Kagiwada S,Bankaitis VA

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The delivery of therapeutic drugs to solid tumours may be impaired by structural and functional abnormalities in blood and lymphatic vessels. Here we provide evidence that proliferating cancer cells cause intratumour vessels to compress and collapse. By reducing this compressive mechanical force and opening vessels, c...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Padera TP,Stoll BR,Tooredman JB,Capen D,di Tomaso E,Jain RK

更新日期：2004-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Promoters are DNA sequences that have an essential role in controlling gene expression. While recent whole cancer genome analyses have identified numerous hotspots of somatic point mutations within promoters, many have not yet been shown to perturb gene expression or drive cancer development. As such, positive selecti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Perera D,Poulos RC,Shah A,Beck D,Pimanda JE,Wong JW

更新日期：2016-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Indirect-benefit models of sexual selection assert that females gain heritable offspring advantages through a mating bias for males of superior genetic quality. This has generally been tested by associating a simple morphological quality indicator (for example, bird tail length) with offspring viability. However, sele...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fedorka KM,Mousseau TA

更新日期：2004-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, accompanied by synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Antibody-based immunotherapy against Aβ to trigger its clearance or mitigate its neurotoxicity has so far been unsuccessful. Here we rep...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sevigny J,Chiao P,Bussière T,Weinreb PH,Williams L,Maier M,Dunstan R,Salloway S,Chen T,Ling Y,O'Gorman J,Qian F,Arastu M,Li M,Chollate S,Brennan MS,Quintero-Monzon O,Scannevin RH,Arnold HM,Engber T,Rhodes K,Ferr

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-1 protease processes the Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins into mature structural and functional proteins, including itself, and is therefore indispensable for viral maturation. The mature protease is active only as a dimer with each subunit contributing catalytic residues. The full-length transframe region protease pr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tang C,Louis JM,Aniana A,Suh JY,Clore GM

更新日期：2008-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrothermal vents are ephemeral because of frequent volcanic and tectonic activities associated with crust formation. Although the larvae of hydrothermal vent fauna can rapidly colonize new vent sites separated by tens to hundreds of kilometres, the mechanisms by which these larvae disperse and recruit are not unders...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Marsh AG,Mullineaux LS,Young CM,Manahan DT

更新日期：2001-05-03 00:00:00