Postural stability of the head in response to slowly imposed, small elastic loads.

Abstract:

:To examine postural stability of the head, slow, undetectable rotations of small amplitude were imposed about a vertical axis while human subjects maintained a stationary body. Six normal subjects were used. The rotations were imposed through an elastic linkage, and lasted 4 s. The amplitude of head rotation was small, approximately 0.002 rad. The imposed perturbations commenced from an unloaded resting position with the head facing forward, under four conditions (1) relaxed, eyes closed; (2) relaxed, eyes open; (3) still, eyes closed; and (4) still, eyes open. The terms "relaxed' and "still' refer to the prior instructions given to the subjects regarding how they were to hold their head. There was a near linear relationship between average torque and average head angle. The effective stiffness of the head on the neck was notably low, approximately 10 Nm rad-1. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated ability to increase mean stiffness between "relaxed' and "still' conditions by 51% (P < 0.02). Visual input did not change mean stiffness significantly. Therefore, for the rotations to have been imperceptible, either the visual shifts involved must have been imperceptible, or the eyes must have counterrotated.

journal_name

Neurosci Lett

journal_title

Neuroscience letters

authors

Chan R,Rogers DK,McCloskey DI

doi

10.1016/0304-3940(96)12914-1

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1996-08-23 00:00:00

pages

205-7

issue

2-3

eissn

0304-3940

issn

1872-7972

pii

0304-3940(96)12914-1

journal_volume

214

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Differential distribution of alternatively spliced somatostatin receptor 2 isoforms (sst2A and sst2B) in rat spinal cord.

    abstract::We have recently shown that the cytoplasmic tail of the somatostatin receptor sst2 undergoes alternative splicing giving rise to two isoforms, SSt2A and sst2B. In the present study, we have raised polyclonal antibodies that specifically detect either sst2A or sst2B and used these antisera for immunocytochemical locali...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00803-9

    authors: Schulz S,Schmidt H,Händel M,Schreff M,Höllt V

    更新日期:1998-11-20 00:00:00

  • Cardiovascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease: a genetic association study in a population aged 85 or over.

    abstract::Increasing evidence suggests a relation between vascular disorders and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed an association analysis of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) genes, known to be involved in vascular disorders...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01467-1

    authors: Myllykangas L,Polvikoski T,Sulkava R,Verkkoniemi A,Tienari P,Niinistö L,Kontula K,Hardy J,Haltia M,Pérez-Tur J

    更新日期:2000-10-13 00:00:00

  • Corticotropin-releasing factor enhances inhibitory synaptic transmission to type III neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.

    abstract::We previously reported that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) increased neuronal excitability specifically in type II neurons of the dorsolateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dlBNST). Because the majority of type II dlBNST neurons are thought to be GABAergic interneurons, at least a portion of w...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.059

    authors: Nagano Y,Kaneda K,Maruyama C,Ide S,Kato F,Minami M

    更新日期:2015-07-23 00:00:00

  • The effect of inflammatory stimuli on NMDA-related activation of glutamine synthase in human cultured astroglial cells.

    abstract::Removal of glutamate from the synaptic cleft by astroglial glutamine synthase (GS) is a crucial step in the regulation of glutamate turnover and metabolism, thus participating in endogenous neuroprotective processes occurring within brain tissues. Here we investigated on the effect of inflammatory cytokines on GS acti...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.09.079

    authors: Muscoli C,Visalli V,Colica C,Nisticò R,Palma E,Costa N,Rotiroti D,Nisticò G,Mollace V

    更新日期:2005-01-20 00:00:00

  • Auditory cortical event-related potentials to pitch deviances in rats.

    abstract::We recorded epidural event-related potentials (ERPs) from the auditory cortex in anesthetized rats when pitch-deviant tones were presented in a homogeneous series of standard tones (oddball condition). Additionally, deviant tones were presented without standard tones (deviant-alone condition). ERPs to deviant tones in...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00330-9

    authors: Ruusuvirta T,Penttonen M,Korhonen T

    更新日期:1998-05-22 00:00:00

  • Blockade of bombesin-like peptide receptors impairs inhibitory avoidance learning in mice.

    abstract::Several studies reported that peripheral administration of bombesin (BN) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) improved some forms of memory performance. In the present study, we examined the role of endogenous BN-like peptide(s) for the acquisition of inhibitory avoidance learning in mice using BN-like peptide receptor...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00077-6

    authors: Santo-Yamada Y,Yamada K,Wada E,Goto Y,Wada K

    更新日期:2003-04-03 00:00:00

  • Subcortical pathways involved in the mediation of adrenocortical responses following frontal cortex stimulation.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to identify the subcortical neural pathways which mediate adrenocortical responses following cortical stimulation. The frontal cortex was stimulated in intact rats and in animals with medial or lateral septal or preoptic lesions or with large or small anterior hypothalamic deafferentation...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0304-3940(87)90036-x

    authors: Feldman S,Conforti N

    更新日期:1987-01-02 00:00:00

  • N-methyl-D,L-aspartate-induced locomotor activity in a spinal cord-hindlimb muscles preparation of the newborn rat studied in vitro.

    abstract::Bath-applied N-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMA) was found to elicit locomotor electromyogram (EMG) activity in ankle flexor and extensor muscles in an in vitro lumbar cord-hindlimb preparation of the newborn rat. The frequency and burst duration of the NMA-induced rhythmic EMG activity varied in a dose-dependent manner. The...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0304-3940(87)90072-3

    authors: Kudo N,Yamada T

    更新日期:1987-03-20 00:00:00

  • Changes in cytoskeletal and tight junctional proteins correlate with decreased permeability induced by dexamethasone in cultured rat brain endothelial cells.

    abstract::The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role in controlling the passage of molecules from the blood to the extracellular fluid environment of the brain. An immortalised rat brain endothelial cell line (GPNT) was used to investigate the mechanisms underlying dexamethasone-induced decrease in paracellular perme...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00348-3

    authors: Romero IA,Radewicz K,Jubin E,Michel CC,Greenwood J,Couraud PO,Adamson P

    更新日期:2003-06-26 00:00:00

  • Distribution of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in the alimentary tract of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (Cirripedia, Crustacea).

    abstract::To date only peptidergic innervation has been described in the alimentary tract of barnacles. In the present work the presence and distribution of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine (ACh) synthesizing enzyme, was investigated by immunohistochemistry in the alimentary tract of the adult barnacle Balanu...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.09.050

    authors: Gallus L,Ferrando S,Bottaro M,Girosi L,Ramoino P,Diaspro A,Aluigi MG,Tagliafierro G

    更新日期:2006-12-06 00:00:00

  • Excessive production of nitric oxide induces the neuronal cell death in lipopolysaccharide-treated rat hippocampal slice culture.

    abstract::In this study, we investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in neuronal cell death in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rat hippocampal slice culture. Neuronal cell death was induced after a LPS treatment in a rat hippocampal slice. The region and time course of the cell death caused by LPS were different from tho...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00697-9

    authors: Lee P,Son D,Lee J,Kim YS,Kim H,Kim SY

    更新日期:2003-09-25 00:00:00

  • Electroretinograms remain normal in mice lacking a synapse associated protein.

    abstract::Integrin-associated protein (IAP) is normally localized to the synapse rich plexiform layers of the mammalian retina. In other neuronal systems, IAP and its ligand, P84, have been implicated in synaptic function. Previously, an abnormal distribution of P84 was noted in the IAP-null retina. To examine the potential rol...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01743-2

    authors: Ball SL,Lindberg FP,Lagenaur CF,Peachey NS

    更新日期:2001-02-02 00:00:00

  • Activation of calpain precedes morphological alterations during hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in neuronally differentiated mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cell line.

    abstract::In order to reveal neurodegeneration elicited by reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), neuronally differentiated cells from mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cell line were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Enhanced protein-phosphorylation on tyrosine residues was detectable within 5 min of exposure to H2O2, and gradual...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00960-x

    authors: Ishihara I,Minami Y,Nishizaki T,Matsuoka T,Yamamura H

    更新日期:2000-01-28 00:00:00

  • The effects of CA1 5HT4 receptors in MK801-induced amnesia and hyperlocomotion.

    abstract::In this study, the effects of 5-HT4 receptors of the CA1 on MK801-induced amnesia and hyperlocomotion were examined. One-trial step-down method was used to assess memory retention and then, the hole-board method to assess exploratory behaviors. The results showed that post-training intra-CA1 administration of RS67333 ...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.019

    authors: Nasehi M,Tabatabaie M,Khakpai F,Zarrindast MR

    更新日期:2015-02-05 00:00:00

  • Reduced and oxidized glutathione in human and monkey brain.

    abstract::Prior animal studies have indicated that levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in brain and other organs are low, comprising several percent, or less, of the total glutathione. An exception is seen in reports for autopsy and biopsy specimens of human brain, where very high levels of GSSG have been indicated. The latte...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0304-3940(87)90061-9

    authors: Slivka A,Spina MB,Cohen G

    更新日期:1987-02-10 00:00:00

  • Expression and distribution of redox regulatory protein, thioredoxin after metabolic impairment by 3-nitropropionic acid in rat brain.

    abstract::Thioredoxin (TRX) is a small, multifunctional protein with a redox-active site and multiple biological functions that include reducing activity for reactive oxygen intermediates. We assayed TRX by immunohistochemical methods in the rat brain after intraperitoneal injection of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), an irreversi...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00763-6

    authors: Sugino T,Nozaki K,Takagi Y,Hattori I,Hashimoto N,Yodoi J

    更新日期:1999-11-12 00:00:00

  • Memantine reduces functional and morphological consequences induced by global ischemia in rats.

    abstract::In this study the effect of memantine, an antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, on spatial learning deficit and on neuronal damage following transient cerebral ischemia was evaluated. Global ischemia was induced by four-vessel-occlusion (4VO) for 20 min in rats. Memantine was administered 20 min before indu...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12545-3

    authors: Block F,Schwarz M

    更新日期:1996-04-12 00:00:00

  • Blockade of nitric oxide synthase differentially influences background activity and electrical excitability in rat dorsal horn neurones.

    abstract::A previous study has shown that inflammation of the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle in rats leads to an increase in excitability of dorsal horn neurones particularly in the spinal segment L3. Here, we have blocked the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in L3 by spinal cord superfusion with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) to fi...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)11411-o

    authors: Hoheisel U,Sander B,Mense S

    更新日期:1995-03-24 00:00:00

  • A possible homologue of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus of lampreys (Lampetra fluviatilis L.).

    abstract::This study in lampreys (Lampetra fluviatilis L.) is concerned with the phylogenetic age of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus which in mammals receives input from the retinohypothalamic tract and acts as circadian pacemaker. Tracing experiments with the fluorescent dye DiI demonstrated a retinohypothalami...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Weigle C,Wicht H,Korf HW

    更新日期:1996-10-18 00:00:00

  • Batrachotoxin blocks slow and retrograde axonal transport in vivo.

    abstract::The accumulation of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) proximal to and nerve growth factor (NGF) distal to the intraneural site of tetrodotoxin (TTX) or batrachotoxin (BTX) injection in vivo was used to monitor orthograde and retrograde axonal transport. Orthograde axonal transport was blocked by BTX for up to 7-10 days ...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0304-3940(80)90317-1

    authors: Boegman RJ,Riopelle RJ

    更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00

  • Role of alpha 1 and alpha 2-adrenoceptors of the lateral hypothalamic area on urinary excretion caused by centrally administered angiotensin II.

    abstract::To determine whether central alpha 1 and alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms are involved in urinary sodium and potassium excretion and urine volume induced by angiotensin II (ANGII), these renal parameters were measured in volume-expanded Holtzman rats with cannulas implanted into lateral ventricle (LV) and lateral hypotha...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)11751-h

    authors: Saad WA,Camargo LA,Renzi A,Menani JV,Saad WA

    更新日期:1995-07-21 00:00:00

  • Unaltered alpha-synuclein blood levels in juvenile Parkinsonism with a parkin exon 4 deletion.

    abstract::We recently reported here that SNCA triplication results in a doubling in the amount of alpha-synuclein protein in blood from cases with hereditary Lewy body disease. This observation shows that alpha-synuclein levels in blood accurately reflect gene dosage, which we assume drives pathogenesis in these individuals. A ...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.10.053

    authors: Miller DW,Crawley A,Gwinn-Hardy K,Lopez G,Nussbaum R,Cookson MR,Singleton AB,Hardy J,Dogu O

    更新日期:2005-02-21 00:00:00

  • Antisense blockade of inducible nitric oxide synthase in glial cells derived from adult SJL mice.

    abstract::Increasing evidence suggests a correlation between cytokine-induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and demyelination in Multiple sclerosis (MS). Inhibition of iNOS may therefore be a novel therapeutic approach in MS. To test an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) knockdown strategy for inhibiting iNOS, we used lipopoly...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(96)13229-8

    authors: Ding M,Zhang M,Wong JL,Voskuhl RR,Ellison GW

    更新日期:1996-12-13 00:00:00

  • Cyclophosphamide promotes cell survival via activation of intracellular signaling in cultured cortical neurons.

    abstract::Cyclophosphamide (CP) has been used as an antitumour agent or immunosuppressant clinically, though the potential biological role of CP in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been clarified. In the present study, we found that pretreatment with CP prevented neuronal cell death caused by serum deprivation in cultur...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.12.073

    authors: Kitazawa H,Numakawa T,Adachi N,Kumamaru E,Tuerxun T,Kudo M,Kunugi H

    更新日期:2010-02-12 00:00:00

  • Upregulation and lysosomal degradation of AQP4 in rat brains with bacterial meningitis.

    abstract::Brain edema is among the major complications in children with bacterial meningitis. Aquaporins are integral membrane pore proteins that form channels to regulate cellular water content. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), which is enriched in parts of astrocytic membranes that are apposed to pial or perivascular basal laminae, is the...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2014.02.054

    authors: Huang J,Lu WT,Sun SQ,Yang ZB,Huang SQ,Gan SW,Xu J,Qiu GP,Zhuo F,Zhu SJ,Jiang J,Jiang XL

    更新日期:2014-04-30 00:00:00

  • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the substantia nigra from control and parkinsonian brains.

    abstract::Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was measured for the first time in the brain (substantia nigra, caudate nucleus, putamen, cerebellum, and frontal cortex) from control and parkinsonian patients by highly sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In both groups, the levels of GDNF in the v...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01577-4

    authors: Mogi M,Togari A,Kondo T,Mizuno Y,Kogure O,Kuno S,Ichinose H,Nagatsu T

    更新日期:2001-03-16 00:00:00

  • Differential expression of c-fos and c-jun in two regions of the rat spinal cord following noxious colorectal distention.

    abstract::Thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spinal segments that receive afferent input from the descending colon and rectum were stained immunocytochemically for c-Fos- and c-Jun-like proteins following repetitive, noxious colorectal distention (CRD). Noxious CRD (80 mmHg) resulted in significantly more c-Fos- and c-Jun-like immun...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90394-z

    authors: Traub RJ,Herdegen T,Gebhart GF

    更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00

  • Identification of macrophage migration inhibitory factor mRNA expression in neural cells of the rat brain by in situ hybridization.

    abstract::Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been rediscovered as a hormone and immunomodulator as well as a proinflammatory cytokine. We investigated the expression of MIF protein and mRNA in the rat brain using optimized immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. By immunohistochemical analysi...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00203-1

    authors: Ogata A,Nishihira J,Suzuki T,Nagashima K,Tashiro K

    更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00

  • Single 5HTR2A-1438 A/G nucleotide polymorphism affects performance in a metacontrast masking task: implications for vulnerability testing and neuromodulation of pyramidal cells.

    abstract::It is known that 5HTR2A (rs6311) receptors have high concentration in the cortical layer-5 pyramidal neurons and that these receptors play an important role in the modulation of neurocognitive functions. For example, layer-5 pyramidal neurons mediate cellular level integrative interaction of primary sensory afferent s...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2014.10.015

    authors: Maksimov M,Vaht M,Harro J,Bachmann T

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of ketamine on amino acid-evoked release of acetylcholine from rat cerebral cortex in vitro.

    abstract::N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), quisqualate, kainate and potassium increased, in a dose-dependent manner, the efflux of radioactivity from rat cerebral cortex minislices preincubated with [3H]choline. Ketamine (1-5 microM) and magnesium (0.1-1 mM) reduced only the release evoked by NMDA. The non-parallel shift of the NMD...

    journal_title:Neuroscience letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0304-3940(85)90271-x

    authors: Lodge D,Johnston GA

    更新日期:1985-05-23 00:00:00