Sodium azide mutagenesis: preferential generation of A.T-->G.C transitions in the barley Ant18 gene.

abstract：:We have examined components of the preintegration complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and have analyzed features which govern the association of these components. HIV-1 nucleoprotein complexes, isolated from nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts of CD4+ cells after acute virus infection, contained viral ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bukrinsky MI,Sharova N,McDonald TL,Pushkarskaya T,Tarpley WG,Stevenson M

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously it was shown that yeast ADA2 protein is necessary for the full activity of some activation domains, such as VP16 and GCN4, in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that ADA2 protein functions as a transcriptional coactivator or adaptor that bridges the interaction between certain acidic activation domain...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Silverman N,Agapite J,Guarente L

更新日期：1994-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathogenicity of fixed rabies virus strains for adult mice depends on the presence of an antigenic determinant on the viral glycoprotein. Two virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have been used to identify this determinant. All pathogenic strains of fixed rabies virus bind to these antibodies and are neutraliz...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dietzschold B,Wunner WH,Wiktor TJ,Lopes AD,Lafon M,Smith CL,Koprowski H

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural products have long served as both a source and inspiration for pharmaceuticals. Modifying the structure of a natural product often improves the biological activity of the compound. Metabolic engineering strategies to ferment "unnatural" products have been enormously successful in microbial organisms. However, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Runguphan W,Maresh JJ,O'Connor SE

更新日期：2009-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The polymerization of deoxynucleoside triphosphates, catalyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase from calf thymus gland, is strongly inhibited by various metal chelators. The reaction appears to be first order with respect to enzyme, deoxynucleoside triphosphate, and initiator, indicating that there is only one...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang LM,Bollum FJ

更新日期：1970-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular mechanisms by which transcription is selectively activated and precisely controlled by signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) factors represent a central issue in cytokine-mediated cellular responses. Stat6 mediates responses to IL-4 and antagonizes Stat1 activated by IFN-gamma. We have ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goenka S,Boothby M

更新日期：2006-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The lac operon of Escherichia coli spans approximately 5300 base pairs and includes the lacZ, lacY, and lacA genes in addition to the operator, promoter, and transcription termination regions. We report here the sequence of the lacA gene and the region distal to it, confirming the sequence of thiogalactoside transacet...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hediger MA,Johnson DF,Nierlich DP,Zabin I

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The assembly of regional biotas and organismal responses to anthropogenic climate change both depend on the capacity of organisms to adapt to novel ecological conditions. Here we demonstrate the concept of evolutionary lag time, the time between when a climatic regime or habitat develops in a region and when it is col...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guerrero PC,Rosas M,Arroyo MT,Wiens JJ

更新日期：2013-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the effects of carbon starvation and of varying the growth rate on the activity of each of the two tandem ribosomal RNA promoters from the rrnA operon of Escherichia coli. The cellular abundance of plasmid-encoded transcripts arising at promoters P1 and P2 and terminating at the ribosomal RNA terminator in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sarmientos P,Cashel M

更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the development of infectious cDNA clones of viral RNA genomes and the means of delivery of the in vitro-synthesized RNA into cells, alphaviruses have become an attractive system for expression of heterologous genetic information. Alphaviruses replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm, and their genetic material ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim DY,Atasheva S,McAuley AJ,Plante JA,Frolova EI,Beasley DW,Frolov I

更新日期：2014-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutational processes of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in complex genomes are poorly understood. We examined these processes by introducing a two-phase mutation model. In this model, most mutations are single-step changes, but infrequent large jumps in repeat number also occur. We used computer simulations to determin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Di Rienzo A,Peterson AC,Garza JC,Valdes AM,Slatkin M,Freimer NB

更新日期：1994-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Meet Jonathan and Elizabeth. One person is a doctor and the other is a nurse. Who is the doctor? When nothing else is known, the base rate principle favors Jonathan to be the doctor and the fairness principle favors both individuals equally. However, when individuating facts reveal who is actually the doctor, base rat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cao J,Banaji MR

更新日期：2016-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Human type O erythrocyte membranes were converted to type A1 by purified human A1-enzyme, to type A2 by purified human A2-enzyme, and to type B by purified human B-enzyme in the presence of radioactive sugar donors (i.e., UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine for A-enzyme and UDP-galactose for B-enzyme, respectively). Type A2 ery...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fujii H,Yoshida A

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To modify the lac permease of Escherichia coli for fluorescence spectroscopy, six tryptophan residues at positions 10, 33, 78, 151, 171, and 223 were first replaced individually with phenylalanine by using oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis. None of the tryptophan residues is critical for activity, as ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Menezes ME,Roepe PD,Kaback HR

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Axiomatic foundations for a theory of perception have been given in a prior communication [Shiman, L. G. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 2049-2053]. The theory is based on mathematically characterized stable images. Stable images model subjective (psychological) states of observers. We showed there is a universa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shiman LG

更新日期：1978-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The TATA box-binding activity of transcription factor IID (TFIID) is autoinhibited by the N-terminal domain of the Drosophila TATA box-binding protein- (TBP) associated factor 230/yeast TBP-associated factor 145 subunit, which binds to the TATA box-binding domain of TBP by mimicking the TATA box structure. Here, we pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kotani T,Banno K,Ikura M,Hinnebusch AG,Nakatani Y,Kawaichi M,Kokubo T

更新日期：2000-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key signaling molecules and are intensely studied. Whereas GPCRs recognizing small-molecules have been successfully targeted for drug discovery, protein-recognizing GPCRs, such as the chemokine receptors, claim few drugs or even useful small molecule reagents. This reflects both...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mysinger MM,Weiss DR,Ziarek JJ,Gravel S,Doak AK,Karpiak J,Heveker N,Shoichet BK,Volkman BF

更新日期：2012-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Phagocytic cells are a critical line of defense against infection. The ability of a pathogen to survive and even replicate within phagocytic cells is a potent method of evading the defense mechanisms of the host. A number of pathogens survive within macrophages after phagocytosis and this contributes to their virulenc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lindgren SW,Stojiljkovic I,Heffron F

更新日期：1996-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a form of amnesia, which we have called visual memory-deficit amnesia, that is caused by damage to areas of the visual system that store visual information. Because it is caused by a deficit in access to stored visual material and not by an impaired ability to encode or retrieve new material, it has the ot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rubin DC,Greenberg DL

更新日期：1998-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Ultraviolet irradiation of the [3H]colchicine-tubulin complex leads to direct photolabeling of tubulin with low but practicable efficiency. The bulk (70% to greater than 90%) of the labeling occurs on beta-tubulin and appears early after irradiation, whereas alpha-tubulin is labeled later. The labeling ratio of beta-t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wolff J,Knipling L,Cahnmann HJ,Palumbo G

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Defining bacterial species remains a challenging problem even for the model bacterium Escherichia coli and has major practical consequences for reliable diagnosis of infectious disease agents and regulations for transport and possession of organisms of economic importance. E. coli traditionally is thought to live with...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luo C,Walk ST,Gordon DM,Feldgarden M,Tiedje JM,Konstantinidis KT

更新日期：2011-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Abnormal tubulofilamentous structures have been identified in electron micrographs of thin sections and negatively stained impression grids prepared from brains of animals with scrapie and other spongiform encephalopathies, and we showed that such tubules contain a core of filamentous structures resembling scrapie-ass...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Narang HK,Asher DM,Gajdusek DC

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have devised a class of isothermal reactions for amplifying DNA. These homogeneous reactions rapidly synthesize short oligonucleotides (8-16 bases) specified by the sequence of an amplification template. Versions of the reactions can proceed in either a linear or an exponential amplification mode. Both of these rea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Van Ness J,Van Ness LK,Galas DJ

更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Leukotrienes (LTs) are signaling molecules derived from arachidonic acid that initiate and amplify innate and adaptive immunity. In turn, how their synthesis is organized on the nuclear envelope of myeloid cells in response to extracellular signals is not understood. We define the supramolecular architecture of LT syn...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mandal AK,Jones PB,Bair AM,Christmas P,Miller D,Yamin TT,Wisniewski D,Menke J,Evans JF,Hyman BT,Bacskai B,Chen M,Lee DM,Nikolic B,Soberman RJ

更新日期：2008-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:A mutant factor IX, designated factor IXCambridge, was isolated from a patient with hemophilia B. This protein includes an 18-residue propeptide attached to the NH2 terminus of factor IX. A point mutation at residue -1, from an arginine to a serine, precludes cleavage of the propeptide by a processing protease and int...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Diuguid DL,Rabiet MJ,Furie BC,Liebman HA,Furie B

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Defined by monoclonal antibody GA733, the GA733-2 antigen is a cell surface 40-kDa glycoprotein associated with human carcinomas of various origins. Molecular clones for the GA733-2 antigen were isolated from a colorectal carcinoma cell line cDNA library using the high-efficiency COS cell expression system. A 1.4-kilo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Szala S,Froehlich M,Scollon M,Kasai Y,Steplewski Z,Koprowski H,Linnenbach AJ

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic switches based on the [Formula: see text] system are master regulators of an array of cellular responses. Recent kinetic experiments have shown that [Formula: see text] can actively remove NF-κB bound to its genetic sites via a process called "molecular stripping." This allows the [Formula: see text] switch to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Potoyan DA,Zheng W,Komives EA,Wolynes PG

更新日期：2016-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Golgi-associated cytoplasmic proteins, such as the coatomer protein complex, are required for vesicle budding and trafficking. We have previously described a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein, p200, which binds dynamically and specifically to Golgi membranes. The p200 protein is dissociated from Golgi membranes in the presen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Narula N,Stow JL

更新日期：1995-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The protein CopC from Pseudomonas syringae has been found capable of binding copper(I) and copper(II) at two different sites, occupied either one at a time or simultaneously. The protein, consisting of 102 amino acids, is known to bind copper(II) in a position that is now found consistent with a coordination arrangeme...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arnesano F,Banci L,Bertini I,Mangani S,Thompsett AR

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Members of the order Nidovirales express their structural protein ORFs from a nested set of 3' subgenomic mRNAs (sg mRNAs), and for most of these ORFs, a single genomic transcription regulatory sequence (TRS) was identified. Nine TRSs were previously reported for the arterivirus Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV). ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Di H,Madden JC Jr,Morantz EK,Tang HY,Graham RL,Baric RS,Brinton MA

更新日期：2017-10-17 00:00:00