The base rate principle and the fairness principle in social judgment.

abstract：:Conditional mutations such as temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations are important for the analysis of protein function but are often difficult, or impossible, to obtain. Here we present a simple method for generating conditional mutations based on the use of a protein-destabilizing genetic element in combination with s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park EC,Finley D,Szostak JW

更新日期：1992-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We applied an innovation framework to sustainable livestock development research projects in Africa and Asia. The focus of these projects ranged from pastoral systems to poverty and ecosystems services mapping to market access by the poor to fodder and natural resource management to livestock parasite drug resistance....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kristjanson P,Reid RS,Dickson N,Clark WC,Romney D,Puskur R,Macmillan S,Grace D

更新日期：2009-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Watching someone scratch himself can induce feelings of itchiness in the perceiver. This provides a unique opportunity to characterize the neural basis of subjective experiences of itch, independent of changes in peripheral inputs. In this study, we first established that the social contagion of itch is essentially a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holle H,Warne K,Seth AK,Critchley HD,Ward J

更新日期：2012-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:During the entry process, the human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid is trafficked to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), whereupon it enters the nucleus during mitosis. We previously demonstrated that the minor capsid protein L2 assumes a transmembranous conformation in the TGN. Here we provide evidence that the incoming viral...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DiGiuseppe S,Luszczek W,Keiffer TR,Bienkowska-Haba M,Guion LG,Sapp MJ

更新日期：2016-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been widely reported that intrinsic brain activity, in a variety of animals including humans, is spatiotemporally structured. Specifically, propagated slow activity has been repeatedly demonstrated in animals. In human resting-state fMRI, spontaneous activity has been understood predominantly in terms of zero-l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitra A,Snyder AZ,Blazey T,Raichle ME

更新日期：2015-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Inside-out erythrocyte membranes attached to polycationic beads manifested glutathione disulfide (GSSG)-stimulated ATPase activity. A Lineweaver-Burk plot of the ATPase activity as a function of GSSG concentration was biphasic and gave apparent Km values of 0.13 mM and 2.0 mM. These kinetics are similar to those repor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kondo T,Kawakami Y,Taniguchi N,Beutler E

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In an era of large-scale science-related challenges and rapid advancements in groundbreaking science with major societal implications, communicating about science is critical. The profile of science communication has increased over the last few decades, with multiple sectors calling for such activities. As scientists ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rose KM,Markowitz EM,Brossard D

更新日期：2020-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is critical for induction of protective immunity against intracellular bacterial infection. However, the mechanisms for efficient induction of IL-12 in innate response remain poorly understood. Here we report that the B type of carbonic anhydrase 6 (Car6-b, which encoded CA-VI B) is essential fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu J,Xu X,Wang B,Ma Y,Zhang L,Xu H,Hu Y,Wu J,Cao X

更新日期：2017-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:It is shown that initiation of translation involves several steps. (i) Binding of fMet-tRNA(fMet) to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit in the absence of messenger RNA, yielding a 34S complex. This binding is rapid and dependent on initiation factor 2 but not on initiation factor 3. (ii) Binding of messenger RNA to t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jay G,Kaempfer R

更新日期：1974-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemokines play a key role in inflammation. They are expressed not only in neuroinflammatory conditions, but also constitutively by different cell types, including neurons in the normal brain, suggesting that they may act as modulators of neuronal functions. Here, we investigated a possible neuroendocrine role of the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Callewaere C,Banisadr G,Desarménien MG,Mechighel P,Kitabgi P,Rostène WH,Mélik Parsadaniantz S

更新日期：2006-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine the importance of the thrombin substrate recognition exosite for fibrinogen binding in the formation of both arterial and venous thrombi, we evaluated the antithrombotic effects of the tyrosine-sulfated dodecapeptide from residues 53-64 of hirudin (H peptide) in a nonhuman primate model. This peptide was ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cadroy Y,Maraganore JM,Hanson SR,Harker LA

更新日期：1991-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The amino acid sequence of rabbit skeletal muscle heat-stable inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been determined by microsequencing techniques. Proof of the structure involved a series of nonoverlapping tryptic fragments for primary identification of 86% of the amino acids. Complementary fragments gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scott JD,Fischer EH,Takio K,Demaille JG,Krebs EG

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Emerging genetic and clinical evidence suggests a link between Gaucher disease and the synucleinopathies Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Here, we provide evidence that a mouse model of Gaucher disease (Gba1(D409V/D409V)) exhibits characteristics of synucleinopathies, including progressive accumulation...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sardi SP,Clarke J,Kinnecom C,Tamsett TJ,Li L,Stanek LM,Passini MA,Grabowski GA,Schlossmacher MG,Sidman RL,Cheng SH,Shihabuddin LS

更新日期：2011-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:When a mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (spe2 delta) that cannot make spermidine or spermine was incubated in a polyamine-deficient medium in oxygen, there was a rapid cessation of cell growth and associated cell death. In contrast, when the mutant cells were incubated in the polyamine-deficient medium in air or ana...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Balasundaram D,Tabor CW,Tabor H

更新日期：1993-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are critical regulators of neuronal excitability and can be directly activated by ethanol. Constitutive deletion of the GIRK3 subunit has minimal phenotypic consequences, except in response to drugs of abuse. Here we investigated how the GIRK3 subunit contr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Herman MA,Sidhu H,Stouffer DG,Kreifeldt M,Le D,Cates-Gatto C,Munoz MB,Roberts AJ,Parsons LH,Roberto M,Wickman K,Slesinger PA,Contet C

更新日期：2015-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Concepts organize the relationship among individual stimuli or events by highlighting shared features. Often, new goals require updating conceptual knowledge to reflect relationships based on different goal-relevant features. Here, our aim is to determine how hippocampal (HPC) object representations are organized and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mack ML,Love BC,Preston AR

更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A panel of 26 mouse-human somatic cell hybrids containing different human chromosome complements was analyzed with a cloned human pepsinogen cDNA probe to determine the chromosomal location and the number of genes encoding these proteins. A complex containing variable numbers of pepsinogen genes was localized to the c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taggart RT,Mohandas TK,Shows TB,Bell GI

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tropical forests hold most of Earth's biodiversity. Their continued loss through deforestation and agriculture is the main threat to species globally, more than disease, invasive species, and climate change. However, not all tropical forests have the same ability to sustain biodiversity. Those that have been disturbed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hedges SB,Cohen WB,Timyan J,Yang Z

更新日期：2018-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Failure of embryo implantation accounts for a significant percentage of female infertility. Exquisitely coordinated molecular programs govern the interaction between the competent blastocyst and the receptive uterus. Decidualization, the rapid proliferation and differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into decidua...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haller M,Yin Y,Ma L

更新日期：2019-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence is presented for two natural transcription initiators positioned internally in the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium. They were detected using highly polar S. typhimurium his mutants as recipients for F' Escherichia coli his episomes. These intergeneric complementation tests provide a sensitive metho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Atkins JF,Loper JC

更新日期：1970-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:β-Phosphoglucomutase (βPGM) catalyzes isomerization of β-D-glucose 1-phosphate (βG1P) into D-glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) via sequential phosphoryl transfer steps using a β-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (βG16BP) intermediate. Synthetic fluoromethylenephosphonate and methylenephosphonate analogs of βG1P deliver novel step 1 ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jin Y,Bhattasali D,Pellegrini E,Forget SM,Baxter NJ,Cliff MJ,Bowler MW,Jakeman DL,Blackburn GM,Waltho JP

更新日期：2014-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The water channel aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and certain Rh-family members are permeable to CO(2) and NH(3). Here, we use changes in surface pH (pH(S)) to assess relative CO(2) vs. NH(3) permeability of Xenopus oocytes expressing members of the AQP or Rh family. Exposed to CO(2) or NH(3), AQP1 oocytes exhibit a greater maxima...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Musa-Aziz R,Chen LM,Pelletier MF,Boron WF

更新日期：2009-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:No microorganism capable of anaerobic growth on methane as the sole carbon source has yet been cultivated. Consequently, information about these microbes has been inferred from geochemical and microbiological observations of field samples. Stable isotope analysis of lipid biomarkers and rRNA gene surveys have implicat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Orphan VJ,House CH,Hinrichs KU,McKeegan KD,DeLong EF

更新日期：2002-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleosomal repeat lengths of bulk chromatin and the chromatin of transcriptionally active and inactive genes were analyzed in two mouse cell lines and adult mouse spleens. The adult beta-globin gene exhibits a nucleosomal repeat length approximately 11 base pairs longer than (i) an inactive embryonic globin gene,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith RD,Seale RL,Yu J

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Echoviruses are enteroviruses that belong to Picornaviridae. Many echoviruses use decay-accelerating factor (DAF) as their cellular receptor. DAF is a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored complement regulatory protein found on most cell surfaces. It functions to protect cells from complement attack. The cryo-electro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： He Y,Lin F,Chipman PR,Bator CM,Baker TS,Shoham M,Kuhn RJ,Medof ME,Rossmann MG

更新日期：2002-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We introduce a new genetic distance for microsatellite loci, incorporating features of the stepwise mutation model, and test its performance on microsatellite polymorphisms in humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas. We find that it performs well in determining the relations among the primates, but less well than other dist...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldstein DB,Ruiz Linares A,Cavalli-Sforza LL,Feldman MW

更新日期：1995-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:In many song birds, males develop their songs as adults by imitating the songs of one or more tutors, memorized previously during a sensitive phase early in life. Previous work using two assays, the production of imitations by adult males and playback-induced calling by young birds during the sensitive phase for memor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nelson DA

更新日期：2000-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:A somatic hybrid of ASL-1 leukemia cells [H-2a, thymus leukemia (TL)1,2,3, Thy-1b] and LM(TK)-cells [H-2-k, TL(-), Thy-1 (-), thymidine kinase deficient] was formed with the aid of inactivated Sendai virus. The selection of hybrid cell clones was facilitated by the inability of ASL-1 cells to grow in vitro and of LM(T...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liang W,Cohen EP

更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accurate real-time tracking of influenza outbreaks helps public health officials make timely and meaningful decisions that could save lives. We propose an influenza tracking model, ARGO (AutoRegression with GOogle search data), that uses publicly available online search data. In addition to having a rigorous statistic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang S,Santillana M,Kou SC

更新日期：2015-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:A class II (B) general transcription factor of 34 kDa has been purified from HeLa cells to apparent homogeneity. This factor appears to be transcription factor IIB (TFIIB), since it binds in vitro to template-committed preinitiation complexes formed between a template containing the TATA box/cap-site elements of the a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moncollin V,Fischer L,Cavallini B,Egly JM,Chambon P

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00