Oligomeric intermediate in peptidoglycan biosynthesis in Bacillus megaterium.

abstract：:Campylobacter jejuni has a general N-linked glycosylation pathway (encoded by the pgl gene cluster), which culminates in the transfer of a heptasaccharide: GalNAc-alpha1,4-GalNAc-alpha1,4-(Glcbeta1,3)-GalNAc-alpha1,4-GalNAc-alpha1,4-GalNAc-alpha1,3-Bac [where Bac is bacillosamine (2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxyglucose...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Glover KJ,Weerapana E,Imperiali B

更新日期：2005-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The lineage-determining transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) is required for myeloid differentiation. Decreased function or expression of C/EBPalpha is often found in human acute myeloid leukemia. However, the precise impact of C/EBPalpha deficiency on the maturation arrest in leukemo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wagner K,Zhang P,Rosenbauer F,Drescher B,Kobayashi S,Radomska HS,Kutok JL,Gilliland DG,Krauter J,Tenen DG

更新日期：2006-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Ligand-specific molecular switches composed of RNA were created by coupling preexisting catalytic and receptor domains via structural bridges. Binding of ligand to the receptor triggers a conformational change within the bridge, and this structural reorganization dictates the activity of the adjoining ribozyme. The mo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Soukup GA,Breaker RR

更新日期：1999-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The subventricular zone remains mitotically active throughout life in rodents. Studies with tritiated thymidine, which is incorporated into the DNA of mitotic cells, have revealed that the rodent subventricular zone produces neuroblasts that migrate toward the olfactory bulb along the rostral migratory stream. A simil...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bernier PJ,Bedard A,Vinet J,Levesque M,Parent A

更新日期：2002-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The small-component origins of herpes simplex virus 1 DNA synthesis are transcribed late in infection by an RNA with heterogeneous initiation sites approximately 290-360 base pairs from the origins. We report that cellular proteins react with a labeled RNA probe representing the 5' terminus of a subset of this RNA but...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roller RJ,McCormick AL,Roizman B

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector delivery of an Apaf-1-dominant negative inhibitor was tested for its antiapoptotic effect on degenerating nigrostriatal neurons in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of Parkinson's disease. The wild-type caspase recruitment domain of Apaf-1 was used as a dom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mochizuki H,Hayakawa H,Migita M,Shibata M,Tanaka R,Suzuki A,Shimo-Nakanishi Y,Urabe T,Yamada M,Tamayose K,Shimada T,Miura M,Mizuno Y

更新日期：2001-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:We created a high-throughput modality of photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) that enables automated 3D PALM imaging of hundreds of synchronized bacteria during all stages of the cell cycle. We used high-throughput PALM to investigate the nanoscale organization of the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ in l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holden SJ,Pengo T,Meibom KL,Fernandez Fernandez C,Collier J,Manley S

更新日期：2014-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:p21Sdi1 (also known as Cip1 and Waf1), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis cloned from senescent human fibroblasts, is an inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in vitro and is transcriptionally regulated by wild-type p53. In addition, p21Sdi1 has been found to inhibit DNA replication by direct interaction with pro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakanishi M,Adami GR,Robetorye RS,Noda A,Venable SF,Dimitrov D,Pereira-Smith OM,Smith JR

更新日期：1995-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell aggregates are a tool for in vitro studies of morphogenesis, cancer invasion, and tissue engineering. They respond to mechanical forces as a complex rather than simple liquid. To change an aggregate's shape, cells have to overcome energy barriers. If cell shape fluctuations are active enough, the aggregate sponta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marmottant P,Mgharbel A,Käfer J,Audren B,Rieu JP,Vial JC,van der Sanden B,Marée AF,Graner F,Delanoë-Ayari H

更新日期：2009-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Four 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-O-acetylphorbol-type tumor promoters--teleocidin, phorbol ester, aplysiatoxin, and ingenol ester--are superposed in an attempt to understand their common biological activity on the assumption that they may bind to the same receptor site. A method using three-dimensional computer graphics was...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Itai A,Kato Y,Tomioka N,Iitaka Y,Endo Y,Hasegawa M,Shudo K,Fujiki H,Sakai S

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of diverse neuronal types and subtypes from multipotent progenitors during development is crucial for assembling functional neural circuits in the adult central nervous system. During mouse retinogenesis, early retinal progenitors give rise to several cell types, including ganglion, amacrine, horizontal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luo H,Jin K,Xie Z,Qiu F,Li S,Zou M,Cai L,Hozumi K,Shima DT,Xiang M

更新日期：2012-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The generalized seizures of status epilepticus (SE) trigger a series of molecular and cellular events that produce cognitive deficits and can culminate in the development of epilepsy. Known early events include opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and astrocytosis accompanied by activation of brain microglia. Wher...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Varvel NH,Neher JJ,Bosch A,Wang W,Ransohoff RM,Miller RJ,Dingledine R

更新日期：2016-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Devastating floods due to Atlantic hurricanes are relatively rare events. However, the frequency of the most intense storms is likely to increase with rises in sea surface temperatures. Geoengineering by stratospheric sulfate aerosol injection cools the tropics relative to the polar regions, including the hurricane Ma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moore JC,Grinsted A,Guo X,Yu X,Jevrejeva S,Rinke A,Cui X,Kravitz B,Lenton A,Watanabe S,Ji D

更新日期：2015-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we compared the transport of newly synthesized cholesterol with that of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. The arrival of cholesterol on the cell surface was monitored by cyclodextrin removal, and HA transport was monitored by surface trypsinization...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heino S,Lusa S,Somerharju P,Ehnholm C,Olkkonen VM,Ikonen E

更新日期：2000-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Loss of function of CDKN2A/B, also known as INK4/ARF [encoding p16INK4A, p15INK4B, and p14ARF (mouse p19Arf)], confers susceptibility to cancers, whereas its up-regulation during organismal aging provokes cellular senescence and tissue degenerative disorders. To better understand the transcriptional regulation of p16 ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Hyle J,Wright S,Shao Y,Zhao X,Zhang H,Li C

更新日期：2019-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:We study static and dynamical properties that distinguish 2D crystals constrained to lie on a curved substrate from their flat-space counterparts. A generic mechanism of dislocation unbinding in the presence of varying Gaussian curvature is presented in the context of a model surface amenable to full analytical treatm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vitelli V,Lucks JB,Nelson DR

更新日期：2006-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) result from the loss of function of imprinted genes in human chromosome 15q11-q13. The central part of mouse chromosome 7 is homologous to human 15q11-q13, with conservation of both gene order and imprinted features. We report here the characterization of a transg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gabriel JM,Merchant M,Ohta T,Ji Y,Caldwell RG,Ramsey MJ,Tucker JD,Longnecker R,Nicholls RD

更新日期：1999-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We recently reported that the posttraumatic spread of degeneration in the damaged optic nerve can be attenuated by the adoptive transfer of autoimmune T cells specific to myelin basic protein. However, it would be desirable to obtain immune neuroprotection free of any possible autoimmune disease. In an attempt to obta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kipnis J,Yoles E,Porat Z,Cohen A,Mor F,Sela M,Cohen IR,Schwartz M

更新日期：2000-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Because most human squamous carcinoma cell lines of the aerodigestive and genital tracts are refractory to the antiproliferative action of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) in vitro, we have begun to identify the causes for resistance of squamous carcinoma cell lines to TGF beta 1 by using somatic cell ge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reiss M,Muñoz-Antonia T,Cowan JM,Wilkins PC,Zhou ZL,Vellucci VF

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The planarity of peptide bonds is an assumption that underlies decades of theoretical modeling of proteins. Peptide bonds strongly deviating from planarity are considered very rare features of protein structure that occur for functional reasons. Here, empirical analyses of atomic-resolution protein structures reveal t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Berkholz DS,Driggers CM,Shapovalov MV,Dunbrack RL Jr,Karplus PA

更新日期：2012-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The circadian clock modulates expression of a large fraction of the Arabidopsis genome and affects many aspects of plant growth and development. We have discovered one way in which the circadian system regulates hormone signaling, identifying a node that links the clock and auxin networks. Auxin plays key roles in dev...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rawat R,Schwartz J,Jones MA,Sairanen I,Cheng Y,Andersson CR,Zhao Y,Ljung K,Harmer SL

更新日期：2009-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose a model for DNA polymerase fidelity in which free energy differences, delta delta G, between matched and mismatched nucleotides are magnified at the enzyme's active site. Both hydrogen bonding and stacking components of the interaction energy are amplified, with the most profound effect being on the magnitu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Petruska J,Sowers LC,Goodman MF

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic and biochemical studies on enzymes known to be involved in regulating DNA supercoiling yield a complex spectrum of effects on the Escherichia coli SOS system. Previous studies indicated that only inhibition of DNA gyrase by antibiotics that act on the DNA gyrase A subunit results in turning on the E. coli SOS ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith CL

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lipid monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGD) is a major structural component of photosynthetic membranes in chloroplasts. Its formation is catalyzed by the enzyme MGD synthase. In many plants, MGD derives from two different biosynthetic pathways: the prokaryotic pathway, which operates entirely within the plastid, an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jarvis P,Dörmann P,Peto CA,Lutes J,Benning C,Chory J

更新日期：2000-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Concepts organize the relationship among individual stimuli or events by highlighting shared features. Often, new goals require updating conceptual knowledge to reflect relationships based on different goal-relevant features. Here, our aim is to determine how hippocampal (HPC) object representations are organized and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mack ML,Love BC,Preston AR

更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic pheomelanins from enzymic oxidation of the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) derivative 5-S-cysteinyldopa have been examined by ESR spectroscopy. These alkalisoluble polymers contain a novel kind of free radical that is spectroscopically distinct from that found in eumelanins. Delocalization of the unpaired ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sealy RC,Hyde JS,Felix CC,Menon IA,Prota G,Swartz HM,Persad S,Haberman HF

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spermiogenesis is a series of poorly understood morphological, physiological and biochemical processes that occur during the transition of immotile spermatids into motile, fertilization-competent spermatozoa. Here, we identified a Serpin (serine protease inhibitor) family protein (As_SRP-1) that is secreted from sperm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhao Y,Sun W,Zhang P,Chi H,Zhang MJ,Song CQ,Ma X,Shang Y,Wang B,Hu Y,Hao Z,Hühmer AF,Meng F,L'hernault SW,He SM,Dong MQ,Miao L

更新日期：2012-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of DNA polymerase alpha (pol alpha) and DNA primase has been investigated in the simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication system in vitro. Removal of pol alpha and primase activities from crude extracts of HeLa cells or monkey cells by use of an anti-pol alpha immunoaffinity column resulted in the loss of repli...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murakami Y,Wobbe CR,Weissbach L,Dean FB,Hurwitz J

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The configuration of the heme-carbonyl group upon binding of carbon monoxide to sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) in crystals is evaluated on the basis of infrared spectroscopic methods. Multiplets of the totally symmetric C-O stretching mode are observed for the heme-bound ligand near 1933, 1944, and 1967 cm-1, correspondin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Makinen MW,Houtchens RA,Caughey WS

更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulated exocytosis requires tight coupling of the membrane fusion machinery to a triggering signal and a fast response time. Complexins are part of this regulation and, together with synaptotagmins, control calcium-dependent exocytosis. Stimulatory and inhibitory functions have been reported for complexins. To test ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Malsam J,Seiler F,Schollmeier Y,Rusu P,Krause JM,Söllner TH

更新日期：2009-02-10 00:00:00