Abstract:
:Explanations of the evolution of diploidy have focused on the advantages gained from masking deleterious alleles. Recent theory has shown, however, that masking does not always provide an advantage to diploidy and would never favor diploidy in predominantly asexual organisms. We explore a neglected alternative theory which posits that, by doubling the genome size, diploids double the rate at which favorable mutations arise. Consequently, the rate of adaptation in diploids is presumed to be faster than in haploids. The rate of adaptation, however, depends not only on the rate of appearance of new favorable mutations but also on the rate at which these mutations are incorporated (which depends on the population size and on the dominance of favorable mutations). We show that, in both asexuals and sexuals, doubling the mutation rate via diploidy often does not accelerate the rate of adaptation. Indeed, under many conditions, diploidy slows adaptation.
journal_name
Geneticsjournal_title
Geneticsauthors
Orr HA,Otto SPsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-04-01 00:00:00pages
1475-80issue
4eissn
0016-6731issn
1943-2631journal_volume
136pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
GENETICS文献大全abstract::We have previously isolated mutants of Escherichia coli that replicate their DNA with increased fidelity. These mutants have a mutation in the dnaE gene, encoding the alpha subunit of DNA polymerase III. They were isolated in a mismatch-repair-defective mutL background, in which mutations can be considered to represen...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of a virus population to colonize a novel host is predicted to depend on the equilibrium frequency of potential colonists (i.e., genotypes capable of infecting the novel host) in the source population. In this study, we investigated the determinants of the equilibrium frequency of potential colonists in th...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.106.064634
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A second chromosome line of Drosophila melanogaster (Symbol: T-007) has previously been shown to be responsible for the induction of male recombination. In the present investigation, the genetic elements responsible for this phenomenon have been partially identified and mapped. A major element (Symbol: Mr, for Male re...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several adhesins are induced by pheromones during mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including Aga1p, Aga2p, Sag1p (Agalpha1p), and Fig2p. These four proteins all participate in or influence a well-studied agglutinin interaction mediated by Aga1p-Aga2p complexes and Sag1p; however, they also play redundant and essent...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.108.100073
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two large experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the heterozygous effects of irradiated chromosomes on viability. Mutations were accumulated on several hundred second chromosomes by delivering doses of 2,500r over either two or four generations for total X-ray exposures of 5,000r or 10,000r. Chromosomes treat...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The X chromosome requires special treatment in the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL). However, most QTL mapping methods, and most computer programs for QTL mapping, have focused exclusively on autosomal loci. We describe a method for appropriate treatment of the X chromosome for QTL mapping in experimental cros...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.106.061176
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxisomes are organelles containing a diverse array of enzymes. In fungi they are important for carbon source utilization, pathogenesis, development, and secondary metabolism. We have studied Aspergillus nidulans peroxin (pex) mutants isolated by virtue of their inability to grow on butyrate or by the inactivation o...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.107.085795
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age-specific effects of spontaneous mutations on mortality rates in Drosophila are inferred from three large demographic experiments. Data were collected from inbred lines that were allowed to accumulate spontaneous mutations for 10, 19, and 47 generations. Estimates of age-specific mutational variance for mortality w...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antisuppressor mutations in the eEF1A gene of Podospora anserina were previously shown to impair ascospore formation, to drastically increase life span, and to permit the development of the Crippled Growth degenerative process. Here, we show that eEF1A controls ascospore formation through accuracy level maintenance. E...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We show how to incorporate fluctuations of the recombination rate along the chromosome into standard gene-genealogical models for the decorrelation of gene histories. This enables us to determine how small-scale fluctuations (Poissonian hot-spot model) and large-scale variations (Kong et al. 2002) of the recombination...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.103.018002
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive organelle in neurons with important roles at synapses including the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+, neurotransmission, lipid metabolism, and membrane trafficking. Despite intriguing evidence for these crucial functions, how the presynaptic ER influences synaptic physiology ...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.117.300261
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We consider resequencing studies of associated loci and the problem of prioritizing sequence variants for functional follow-up. Working within the multivariate linear regression framework helps us to account for the joint effects of multiple genes; and adopting a Bayesian approach leads to posterior probabilities that...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.115.184572
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between multidimensional form of the adult mouse mandible and body size is examined from an ontogenetic perspective. The origin and ontogeny of phenotypic correlations are described in terms of genetic and environmental covariance patterns between adult skeletal morphology and growth in body weight. D...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A spontaneous lethal mutation rate approximately twenty to thirty times greater than normal has been discovered in second and third chromosomes derived from an irradiated isogenic line and paired with marked inversion chromosomes. Mutations resulting in reductions of viability of varying magnitude short of complete le...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1973-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many genetic variants identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are associated with multiple, sometimes seemingly unrelated, traits. This motivates multi-trait association analyses, which have successfully identified novel associated loci for many complex diseases. While appealing, most existing methods foc...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.120.303242
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We propose a simple algorithm for estimating the number of nucleotide differences between a pair of RNA or DNA sequences through comparison of their RNAse A mismatch cleavage patterns. In the RNAse A mismatch cleavage technique two or more sample sequences are hybridized to the same RNA probe, the hybrids are partiall...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Argonaute2 (Ago2) is a rapidly evolving nuclease in the Drosophila melanogaster RNA interference (RNAi) pathway that targets viruses and transposable elements in somatic tissues. Here we reconstruct the history of Ago2 duplications across the D. obscura group and use patterns of gene expression to infer new functional...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.116.192336
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intron sizes show an asymmetrical distribution in a number of organisms, with a large number of "short" introns clustered around a minimal intron length and a much broader distribution of longer introns. In Drosophila melanogaster, the short intron class is centered around 61 bp. The narrow length distribution suggest...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the isolation, characterization and analysis of the small subunit rRNA genes in Plasmodium cynomolgi (Ceylon). As in other Plasmodium species, these genes are present in low copy number, are unlinked and form two types that are distinct in sequence and are expressed stage specifically. The asexually expresse...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::X chromosome duplications have been used previously to vary the dose of specific regions of the X chromosome to study dosage compensation and sex determination in Caenorhabditis elegans. We show here that duplications suppress and X-linked hypomorphic mutation and elevate the level of activity of an X-linked enzyme, a...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hybridization between related species results in the formation of an allopolyploid with multiple subgenomes. These subgenomes will each contain complete, yet evolutionarily divergent, sets of genes. Like a diploid hybrid, allopolyploids will have two versions, or homeoalleles, for every gene. Partial functional redund...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.118.301851
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Use of the CRISPR/Cas9 RNA-guided endonuclease complex has recently enabled the generation of double-strand breaks virtually anywhere in the C. elegans genome. Here, we present an improved strategy that makes all steps in the genome editing process more efficient. We have created a toolkit of template-mediated repair ...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.115.180679
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Highly specialized obligatory cave beetles endemic to the French Pyrenees offer an opportunity to investigate the relative importance of environmental conditions and ecological characteristics on the organization of genetic variability, to describe the genetic structure of populations, and to assess the extent of gene...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An extending axon growth cone is subjected to attractant and repellent cues. It is not clear how these growth cones discriminate the two opposing forces and select their projection paths. Here, we report that in the Drosophila nerve cord the growth cones of longitudinal tracts are subjected to attraction by the Netrin...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.104.036863
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two parental strains of laboratory mice, NZB and CBA/H, were chosen for their differences in attack behavior. NZB have higher scores than CBA/H. An effect of the Y chromosome on attack behavior was determined for two maternal environments. Each male was tested once in a dyadic encounter with an A/J male as a standard ...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinal variation is common for enzymes in the glycolytic pathway for Drosophila melanogaster and is generally accepted as an adaptive response to different climates. Although the enzyme phosphoglucomutase (PGM) possesses several allozyme polymorphisms, it is unique in that it had been reported to show no clinal variat...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::C. elegans spermatogenesis employs lysosome-related fibrous body-membranous organelles (FB-MOs) for transport of many cellular components. Previous work showed that spe-10 mutants contain FB-MOs that prematurely disassemble, resulting in defective transport of FB components into developing spermatids. Consequently, sp...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.105.047340
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ade6-M26 mutation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe has previously been reported to stimulate ade6 intragenic meiotic recombination. We report here that the ade6-M26 mutation is a single G----T nucleotide change, that M26 stimulated recombination within ade6 but not at other distinct loci, and that M26 stimulated meiot...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell surface immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) proteins play important roles in the development and function of the nervous system . Here we define the role of a Caenorhabditis elegans IgSF protein, RIG-3, in the function of the AVA command interneuron. This study reveals that RIG-3 regulates the abundance of the glut...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.119.302872
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Translocation induced in the immature oocyte, in meiotic prophase, affects division I orientation and segregation, the usual result being that the two halves of translocations are directed to opposite poles. Since interchange is usually (if not exclusively) between chromatids, this is to be expected from the creation ...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1974-09-01 00:00:00