Abstract:
:We investigated the efficacy of pictorial self-management to teach daily living skills to 3 low-functioning children with autism. Stimulus and response generalization, stimulus control of self-management materials, and maintenance of behavior change were also assessed. Results showed that children with autism could successfully use pictures to manage their behavior in the absence of a treatment provider, generalize their behavior across settings and tasks, and maintain behaviors at follow-up. In addition, when compared to baseline, all children showed a substantial decrease in stereotypic behaviors. When picture order was manipulated in stimulus control probes, the children followed the new picture sequence, suggesting that the pictures were controlling their behavior. Further, a savings effect was demonstrated, in that 2 subjects reached criterion on second and third behaviors within less than 25% of original training time.
journal_name
J Appl Behav Analjournal_title
Journal of applied behavior analysisauthors
Pierce KL,Schreibman Ldoi
10.1901/jaba.1994.27-471subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-10-01 00:00:00pages
471-81issue
3eissn
0021-8855issn
1938-3703journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We evaluated the effects of tact training on the emergence of categorization and listener behavior using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across 2 children with autism. Participants learned to tact the category name of 9 pictures that belonged to 3 different categories. We assessed whether participants accurat...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jaba.62
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A group of 12 children were enrolled in a preschool class. During the first experimental stage they participated in special events contingent on token earning. Tokens were acquired by engaging in a variety of study behaviors. After a level of study behavior was established under this contingency, the special events we...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1968.1-55
更新日期:1968-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Self-injurious behavior (SIB) can be maintained through negative reinforcement when, in the context of training or task requirements, it produces escape as a consequence. Several studies have demonstrated methods for identifying and treating SIB maintained by negative reinforcement; however, few analyses of the establ...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1995.28-515
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delayed prompting can produce errorless discrimination learning. There is inherent in the procedure a disparity in reinforcement density which favors unprompted over prompted responses. We used three schedules of reinforcement to investigate the impact of reinforcement probability on transfer of stimulus control. One ...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1984.17-175
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current study replicated the positive effects of performance feedback on treatment integrity and extended previous work by examining reactivity using a multiple baseline design with alternating treatments for observer-present and observer-absent conditions on teachers' implementation of a classwide behavior plan. ...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.2008.41-417
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1997.30-153
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the extent to which discriminative stimuli (S(D)s) facilitate differential responding during multielement functional analyses. Eight individuals, all diagnosed with mental retardation and referred for assessment and treatment of self-injurious behavior (SIB) or aggression, participated. Functional analyse...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.2000.33-299
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the effects of three different presession conditions on tangibly maintained problem behavior for 2 students with autism, using individual-participant multielement designs. First, an analogue functional analysis demonstrated that problem behavior was maintained by access to tangible items. Next, topographie...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.2009.42-773
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A target behavior program, structured within a token economy project, was implemented to modify the behavior of an institutionalized patient who exhibited excessive rates of crying and no smiling responses. To affect both responses concurrently, token costs were made contingent upon crying and token payments and/or so...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1972.5-125
更新日期:1972-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jaba.449
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral assessment procedures were used to determine the maintaining conditions of self-injury exhibited by 2 children with severe multiple handicaps. For both children, negative reinforcement (escape from grooming activities) was determined to be the maintaining reinforcer for self-injury (hand/arm biting) within ...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1990.23-459
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differential reinforcement of compliance with teacher invitations to complete a specific academic task was applied to three extremely negativistic children in a special preschool class. For each child, this technique resulted in clear and useful increases in compliance as it was applied. In addition, the technique pro...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1973.6-289
更新日期:1973-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Token economies are one of the most commonly used behavior-analytic interventions. Despite literature supporting the use of tokens as tools for behavior change, little is known about the efficacy of tokens compared to that of the items for which they are exchanged. Results of previous research comparing the reinforcin...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jaba.675
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two young boys with autism who used the picture exchange communication system were taught to solve problems (improvise) by using descriptors (functions, colors, and shapes) to request desired items for which specific pictures were unavailable. The results of a multiple baseline across descriptors showed that training ...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.2006.131-04
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1998.31-357
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavior analysts and educators often recommend using praise, particularly descriptive praise, despite mixed empirical findings to support this recommendation. We evaluated the effectiveness of praise as a reinforcer during a reinforcer assessment using known tasks with preschoolers in Experiment 1. Praise functioned ...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jaba.591
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1990.23-245
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two experiments were conducted on four units of a residential facility for the multiply-handicapped retarded in an attempt to improve daily care and training services. Experiment I compared the effects of two procedures in maintaining the work performance of attendants, using an A-B design on two units. One procedure ...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1976.9-417
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using a multitreatment withdrawal design, this study evaluated the differential effects of publicly posted plus verbal feedback, goal setting plus verbal feedback, and publicly posted feedback, verbal feedback, and goal setting together on the performance of 3 collegiate football players in practice scrimmages. Also a...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.2006.5-06
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parental involvement in intervention can support intervention efficacy, improve generalization, and increase accessibility. The Preschool Life Skills (PLS) program is designed to teach 13 preschool life skills and prevent problem behavior. The current study explores the utility of the PLS program as delivered by paren...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jaba.660
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stereotypical behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement often does not result in harm but may be undesirable in some situations. In the current investigation, participants were 2 individuals who engaged in nonharmful stereotypical responses shown in an analogue functional analysis to be insensitive to social cont...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.2010.43-333
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1993.26-77
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1981.14-465
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This secondary data analysis examined effects of an abstinence contingency on participation in a therapeutic workplace. Participants exposed to a pay reset after drug use did not differ in overall attendance from participants who were not exposed to a pay reset after drug use; however, they initially worked less after...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jaba.298
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Present research and legislation regarding mainstreaming autistic children into normal classrooms have raised the importance of studying whether autistic children can benefit from observing normal peer models. The present investigation systematically assessed whether autistic children's learning of discrimination task...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1981.14-3
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::When problem behavior is controlled by a synthesized reinforcement contingency, a simple omnibus mand that yields access to all reinforcers simultaneously has been shown to effectively replace problem behavior. The question arises as to whether teaching an omnibus mand will preclude the acquisition of specifying mands...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jaba.784
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differential reinforcement and imitation were used with two retarded children to train three sequential verbal responses associated with the display of a picture and questions related to that picture. Each response consisted of a three-word chain in sentence form; combined with verbal responses from the experimenter, ...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1974.7-137
更新日期:1974-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three retarded adults who had minimal ability to tell time were trained to "time-manage." Each was given a card with clock face representations on which the hands of the clock were drawn, representing each trainee's assigned lunch and break times. Instruction was given before work to perform each of the required behav...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1980.13-119
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The field of behavioral economics combines concepts from economics and operant conditioning to examine the influence of schedules or price on preference for reinforcers. Three case studies are reported in which behavioral economic analyses were used to assess relative preference for reinforcers shown by people with in...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jaba.1994.27-597
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An investigation was conducted to demonstrate the application of a computerized assessment procedure for determining the preferences of persons with severe handicaps. A computer program was designed to interpret subjects' microswitch activations to produce three distinct types of events (visual, auditory, and tactile)...
journal_title:Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00