Abstract：
:Differential reinforcement and imitation were used with two retarded children to train three sequential verbal responses associated with the display of a picture and questions related to that picture. Each response consisted of a three-word chain in sentence form; combined with verbal responses from the experimenter, this trained sequence formed a short conversational unit. Three experimenters measured the use of each sentence in settings different than the one in which training took place, and with pictures different than those used during training. Two types of generalization sessions were used: (1) General sessions, during which 10 pictures never used during training were displayed to the subject with reinforcement delivered on a noncontingent basis, and (2) Intermixed sessions, during which 10 pictures never used during training were displayed to the subject, but a picture having received training was also displayed, and correct responses to this picture were reinforced on a variable schedule. Both subjects learned the sentences being trained. However, little generalization was evident from this training when all experimenters conducted General probe sessions. Generalization occurred with one experimenter only after that experimenter conducted Intermixed probe sessions. Generalization to a third experimenter was then observed (i.e., after the first two experimenters had conducted Intermixed probe sessions) without the use of Intermixed probe sessions by this third experimenter.
journal_name
J Appl Behav Analjournal_title
Journal of applied behavior analysisauthors
Garcia Edoi
10.1901/jaba.1974.7-137subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1974-04-01 00:00:00pages
137-49issue
1eissn
0021-8855issn
1938-3703journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A group of 12 children were enrolled in a preschool class. During the first experimental stage they participated in special events contingent on token earning. Tokens were acquired by engaging in a variety of study behaviors. After a level of study behavior was established under this contingency, the special events we...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1968.1-55
更新日期：1968-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analogue functional analyses are widely used to identify the operant function of problem behavior in individuals with developmental disabilities. Because problem behavior often occurs across multiple settings (e.g., homes, schools, outpatient clinics), it is important to determine whether the results of functional ana...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1901/jaba.2010.43-565
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Providing access to choice-making opportunities is a useful addition to behavioral interventions, although the critical features of choice making may differ greatly across individuals. In this study, results of an initial 3-choice concurrent-operants preference assessment with 4 subjects with autism spectrum disorder ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.46
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:THIS ARTICLE REPORTS ON THE PRIMARY STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARENT ADVICE FOR POPULAR DISSEMINATION: (a) developing advice for one specific problem situation, family shopping trips; (b) testing the advice program for benefit to children and convenience to adults; and (c) packaging the advice so it can be used succ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1977.10-605
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Positive practice overcorrection has been shown to be effective in reducing stereotypic self-stimulatory behaviors displayed by retarded and autistic individuals. In addition, the procedure also may increase the occurrence of appropriate behavior through intensive practice. In the present study, several stereotypic an...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1977.10-679
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three retarded boys served as subjects in a 13-phase experiment. In eight of these phases, the instructions administered by the experimenter before demonstrating a behavior and the consequences for imitative behavior were incongruent (the consequences were not those indicated by the instructions). Consequences rather ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1972.5-467
更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A target behavior program, structured within a token economy project, was implemented to modify the behavior of an institutionalized patient who exhibited excessive rates of crying and no smiling responses. To affect both responses concurrently, token costs were made contingent upon crying and token payments and/or so...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1972.5-125
更新日期：1972-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of equivalence-based instruction (EBI) on learning to play individual notes and simple songs on the piano. Participants were 4 typically developing children and 4 children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). They were exposed to a series of a...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.547
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We conducted an analogue functional analysis contrasting motor tasks with varying types of social consequences for movements associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD) in 2 men who had been diagnosed with developmental disabilities and TD. Our findings suggest that TD-related movements were not a function of social reinf...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.2005.53-04
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of obesity continues to increase in the United States (Gordon-Larsen, The, & Adair, 2010). Obesity can be attributed, in part, to overconsumption of energy-dense foods. Given that overeating plays a role in the development of obesity, interventions that teach individuals to identify and consume appropri...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.139
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fixed momentary schedules of differential reinforcement of other behavior (FM DRO) generally have been ineffective as treatment for problem behavior. Because most early research on FM DRO included presentation of a signal at the end of the DRO interval, it is unclear whether the limited effects of FM DRO were due to (...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.2011.44-69
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated a commonly used component of brief time-out, in which release from time-out is delayed contingent on the occurrence of disruption. Data were collected for one normal and two mentally retarded children on time-out-producing behaviors (aggression and disruption) as well as delay-producing behaviors during t...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1986.19-79
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the impact of training 9 first- and second-grade children to use a full self-instructional regimen, and then differentially reinforced the use of self-instruction only, accuracy only, or both self-instruction and accuracy. Three comparison children received no training in self-instruction and w...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1987.20-235
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Percentage agreement measures of interobserver agreement or "reliability" have traditionally been used to summarize observer agreement from studies using interval recording, time-sampling, and trial-scoring data collection procedures. Recent articles disagree on whether to continue using these percentage agreement mea...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1979.12-535
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children with feeding disorders may pack food when they lack the oral-motor skills, the motivation, or both to swallow. Presenting bites on the tongue with a Nuk brush, or redistribution, replacing packed food on the tongue, are two treatments whose relative efficacy is untested. In the current study, we compared the ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.532
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) plus prompting to increase peer-directed mands for preferred items using a picture exchange communication system (PECS). Two nonvocal individuals with autism participated. Independent mands with a peer increased with the implementation of DRA plus p...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.2012.45-425
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The generality of the findings reported by DeLeon, Iwata, and Roscoe (1997) was examined by conducting two stimulus-choice preference assessments, the second of which evaluated low-ranked items from the initial assessment. Results for the 2 participants suggested that supplementary assessments of low-ranked items may ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.2000.33-105
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 6-year-old nonvocal autistic girl who had acquired over 30 signs as mands (requests), simple intraverbals (English-sign translations), and imitative responses repeatedly failed to acquire a tact (labeling) repertoire. It was speculated that the verbal stimulus "What is that?" blocked the establishment of stimulus co...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1994.27-733
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We used an alternating treatments design to compare the effects of active student response error correction and no-response error correction during sight word instruction. Six students with developmental disabilities were provided one-to-one daily sight word instruction on eight sets of 20 unknown words. Each set of 2...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1901/jaba.1993.26-111
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The value of token reinforcement in the instatement and shaping of fluency was examined in an intensive treatment program for adult stutterers. Experiment 1 examined the effect of removing the tangible back-up reinforcers for the token system and found that clients' performance in the program was equally good with or ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1982.15-55
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fjellstedt and Sulzer-Azaroff (1973) used differential reinforcement of short latencies to decrease a child's latency to comply with instructions. We replicated this contingency with a young man diagnosed with Asperger syndrome across two tasks (question answering and math problem solving). We added a differential rei...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.2007.40-559
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite its advantages, discrete-trial instruction (DTI) has been criticized for producing rote responding. Although there is little research supporting this claim, if true, this may be problematic given the propensity of children with autism to engage in restricted and repetitive behavior. One feature that is common ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.528
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Instructive feedback (IF) is a modification to discrete trial instruction that may increase instructional efficiency for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Several variations of IF have recently been evaluated in the literature; however, few studies have assessed the effectiveness and efficiency of presenting ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.706
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The good behavior game (GBG) is a classwide group contingency that involves dividing the class into two teams, creating simple rules, and arranging contingencies for breaking or following those rules. Five kindergarten teachers and classrooms participated in this evaluation of the GBG. Disruptive behavior markedly dec...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.2011.44-605
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of functional analysis (FA) methodologies allows the identification of the reinforcers that maintain problem behavior and improved intervention efficacy in the form of function-based treatments. Despite the profound impact of FA on clinical practice and research, questions still remain about the method...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.13
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five fifth-grade students tutored five kindergarten children in basic arithmetic skills for 7.5 weeks. A control group consisted of five kindergarten children who received no tutoring and were matched with the experimental group in arithmetic ability. Pre-, mid-, and posttesting was done using a skills-based arithmeti...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1974.7-223
更新日期：1974-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of using teachers as behavioral observers on both student and teacher behavior was examined with eight teachers and 32 elementary school children. The frequency of prompts (but not praise or criticism) to those students observed by the teacher increased significantly from nonobserver to teacher observed exp...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1977.10-345
更新日期：1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixteen moderately and mildly retarded adults were selected from a group residential facility and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a 12-session interpersonal skills training program consisting of instruction in the following areas: (1) Introduction and Small Talk, (...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1901/jaba.1980.13-237
更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three retarded adults who had minimal ability to tell time were trained to "time-manage." Each was given a card with clock face representations on which the hands of the clock were drawn, representing each trainee's assigned lunch and break times. Instruction was given before work to perform each of the required behav...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1980.13-119
更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) consists of delivering a reinforcer on a time-based schedule, independent of responding. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of NCR as treatment for problem behavior have used fixed-time (FT) schedules of reinforcement. In this study, the efficacy of NCR with variable-time (VT) sched...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.2000.33-545
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
