Abstract:
:Monoclonal antibodies penetrate bulky tumors poorly after intravenous administration, in part because of specific binding to the target antigen. Experiments presented here demonstrate an analogous phenomenon in micrometastases; poor antibody penetration, attributable to a "binding-site barrier" phenomenon, can be seen in guinea pig micrometastases as small as 300 microns in diameter. Increasing the dose of antibody can partially overcome this limitation, but at a cost in specificity.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Saga T,Neumann RD,Heya T,Sato J,Kinuya S,Le N,Paik CH,Weinstein JNdoi
10.1073/pnas.92.19.8999subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-09-12 00:00:00pages
8999-9003issue
19eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major glycolipid that is present in the outer membranes (OMs) of most Gram-negative bacteria. LPS molecules are assembled with divalent metal cations in the outer leaflet of the OM to form an impervious layer that prevents toxic compounds from entering the cell. For most Gram-negative b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0912872107
更新日期:2010-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::Voltage-gated Na(+) channels are composed of pore-forming alpha and auxiliary beta subunits. The majority of Na(+) channels in the heart contain tetrodotoxin (TTX)-insensitive Na(v)1.5 alpha subunits, but TTX-sensitive brain-type Na(+) channel alpha subunits are present and functionally important in the transverse tub...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2627986100
更新日期:2003-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Defending cellular integrity against disturbances in intracellular concentrations of ATP ([ATP](i)) is predicated on coordinating the selection of substrates and their flux through metabolic pathways (metabolic signaling), ATP transfer from sites of production to utilization (energetic signaling), and the regulation o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0305080101
更新日期:2004-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Squalene and sterol carrier protein of liver plays a general role as a vehicle for cholesterol and its water-insoluble precursors; the carrier protein is essential for enzymic cholesterol synthesis. Liver microsomal enzymes contain a small amount of endogenous carrier protein, which is readily removed by washing or pu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.1.265
更新日期:1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of epinephrine (as low as 0.1 muM) on guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) and adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in isolated fat cells were examined. Epinephrine increased both cGMP and cAMP levels, with the elevation of cAMP preceding the rise of cGMP. Maximal elevation was obtained with ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.6.2684
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyze the effects of an externally applied electric field on thermal fluctuations for a binary electrolyte fluid. We show that the fluctuating Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations for charged multispecies diffusion coupled with the fluctuating fluid momentum equation result in enhanced charge transport via a mec...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1714464114
更新日期:2017-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Plant metabolites are crucial for both plant life and human nutrition. Despite recent advance in metabolomics, the genetic control of plant metabolome remains largely unknown. Here, we performed a genetic analysis of the rice metabolome that provided over 2,800 highly resolved metabolic quantitative trait loci for 900...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1319681110
更新日期:2013-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::When the lactose (lac) permease of Escherichia coli is expressed from the lac promoter at relatively low rates, deletion of amino acid residues 2-8 (delta 7) or 2-9 (delta 8) from the hydrophilic N terminus has a relatively minor effect on the ability of the permease to catalyze active lactose transport. Activity is e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.8.3180
更新日期:1992-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Legionella pneumophila, the causal agent of Legionnaires' disease, is an intracellular parasite and invades and proliferates within different eukaryotic cells, including human alveolar macrophages. After several 100-fold multiplication within host cells, the pathogens are released for new invasion by induction of apop...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0601562103
更新日期:2006-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::The 16S rRNA genes of Pyrobaculum aerophilum and Pyrobaculum islandicum were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, and the resulting products were sequenced directly. The two organisms are closely related by this measure (over 98% similar). However, they differ in that the (lone) 16S rRNA gene of Pyrobaculum aer...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.6.2547
更新日期:1993-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Galectin-3 is a glycan-binding protein (GBP) that binds β-galactoside glycan structures to orchestrate a variety of important biological events, including the activation of hepatic stellate cells and regulation of immune responses. While the requisite glycan epitopes needed to bind galectin-3 have long been elucidated...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2009206117
更新日期:2020-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::Observations from human microbiome studies are often conflicting or inconclusive. Many factors likely contribute to these issues including small cohort sizes, sample collection, and handling and processing differences. The field of microbiome research is moving from 16S rDNA gene sequencing to a more comprehensive gen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1519288112
更新日期:2015-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::We have demonstrated the existence of human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF) [interleukin 10 (IL-10)]. cDNA clones encoding human IL-10 (hIL-10) were isolated from a tetanus toxin-specific human T-cell clone. Like mouse IL-10, hIL-10 exhibits strong DNA and amino acid sequence homology to an open reading fr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.4.1172
更新日期:1991-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Dihydroisohistrionicotoxin inhibits acetylcholine receptor-dependent 22Na+ uptake of cultured chick muscle cells with a KI of 0.2 micrometer. The inhibition is noncompetitive with respect to agonists. The toxin enhances desensitization of the receptor by agonists which is accompanied by a 10-fold increase in receptor ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5754
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The exquisite selectivity and catalytic activity of enzymes have been shaped by the effects of positive and negative selection pressure during the course of evolution. In contrast, enzyme variants engineered by using in vitro screening techniques to accept novel substrates typically display a higher degree of catalyti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0500063102
更新日期:2005-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Two series of peptides that specifically bind to the extracellular domain of the alpha chain of the human interleukin-5 receptor (IL-5Ralpha), but share no primary sequence homology to IL-5, were identified from libraries of random recombinant peptides. Affinity maturation procedures generated a 19-aa peptide that bin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.110053997
更新日期:2000-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike the dominant role of one class II invariant chain peptide (CLIP) in blocking MHC class II, comparative lipidomics analysis shows that human cluster of differentiation (CD) proteins CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d bind lipids corresponding to hundreds of diverse accurate mass retention time values. Although most ions...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1112969108
更新日期:2011-11-29 00:00:00
abstract::The light-harvesting phycobilisome in cyanobacteria and red algae requires the lyase-catalyzed chromophorylation of phycobiliproteins. There are three functionally distinct lyase families known. The heterodimeric E/F type is specific for attaching bilins covalently to α-subunits of phycocyanins and phycoerythrins. Unl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1715495114
更新日期:2017-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::We develop a potential landscape approach to quantitatively describe experimental data from a fibroblast cell line that exhibits a wide range of GFP expression levels under the control of the promoter for tenascin-C. Time-lapse live-cell microscopy provides data about short-term fluctuations in promoter activity, and ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1207544109
更新日期:2012-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::While 9-O-acetylation of sialic acids has been reported in some mammalian tissues, the distribution of this modification on specific cell types and molecules is largely unknown. The influenza C virus hemagglutinin-esterase is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that binds specifically to 9-O-acetylated sialic acids (hemaggl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.16.7782
更新日期:1994-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::Synthesis of the 31-amino acid, inner membrane protein MgtS (formerly denoted YneM) is induced by very low Mg2+ in a PhoPQ-dependent manner in Escherichia coli Here we report that MgtS acts to increase intracellular Mg2+ levels and maintain cell integrity upon Mg2+ depletion. Upon development of a functional tagged de...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1703415114
更新日期:2017-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::More than a thousand proteins are thought to contribute to mammalian chromatin and its regulation, but our understanding of the genomic occupancy and function of most of these proteins is limited. Here we describe an approach, which we call "chromatin proteomic profiling," to identify proteins associated with genomic ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1502971112
更新日期:2015-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH) inhibit the growth of various tumors through mechanisms that involve the suppression of the insulin-like growth factor I and/or insulin-like growth factor II levels or secretion. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the tumor inhibition is associat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.1.226
更新日期:1999-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that polyelectrolyte complexes and coacervates can form on mixing oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions, due to mainly electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged polymers. Here, we report the first (to the best of our knowledge) complexation and coacervation of two posi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1521521113
更新日期:2016-02-16 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine deaminase (ADA; adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) deficiency is one cause of the genetic disease severe combined immunodeficiency. To identify mutations responsible for ADA deficiency, we synthesized cDNAs to ADA mRNAs from two cell lines, GM2756 and GM2825A, derived from ADA-deficient immunodeficient pa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.16.5947
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gelation of colloidal nanocrystals emerged as a strategy to preserve inherent nanoscale properties in multiscale architectures. However, available gelation methods to directly form self-supported nanocrystal networks struggle to reliably control nanoscale optical phenomena such as photoluminescence and localized surfa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1806927115
更新日期:2018-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::Light microscopy autoradiography has been used to visualize neuroanatomical patterns of brain opiate receptor upregulation in response to chronic naltrexone administration. Slide-mounted brain sections of frozen rat brain were labeled in vitro with dihydro[3H]morphine, a relatively selective mu opioid ligand. The grea...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.12.3893
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we introduce the network histogram, a statistical summary of network interactions to be used as a tool for exploratory data analysis. A network histogram is obtained by fitting a stochastic blockmodel to a single observation of a network dataset. Blocks of edges play the role of histogram bins and commun...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1400374111
更新日期:2014-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Meiotic mutant (2n) gametes formed by first-division restitution without crossover (FDR-NCO) are expected to be superior to FDR with crossover (FDR-CO) because they transmit to the progeny, without disruption by recombination, almost 100% of the parental genotype. FDR-CO transfers approximately 80% of the parental het...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.4.1773
更新日期:1999-02-16 00:00:00
abstract::E2A helix-loop-helix proteins are involved in the control of various developmental pathways. We show here by in situ hybridization that E2A transcripts are present in most embryonic and adult tissues. However, no E2A expression is detectable in heart and nonproliferative regions of the brain and spinal cord. Highest l...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.16.7583
更新日期:1993-08-15 00:00:00