Chromosome regions between centromeres and proximal crossovers are the physical sites of major effect loci for yield in potato: genetic analysis employing meiotic mutants.

abstract：:The development of anther and pollen is important for male reproduction, and this process is coordinately regulated by many external and internal cues. In this study, we systematically examined the male reproductive phenotypes of a series of brassinosteroid biosynthetic and signaling mutants and found that, besides th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ye Q,Zhu W,Li L,Zhang S,Yin Y,Ma H,Wang X

更新日期：2010-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Cl- channels in the apical membranes of salt-secreting epithelia are activated by both cAMP and Ca2+ second-messenger systems, and dysfunctions in their hormonal regulation have been demonstrated in patients with cystic fibrosis. We have transfected the epithelial cell line T84 with an expression vector containing a m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rogers KV,Goldman PS,Frizzell RA,McKnight GS

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most new genes are thought to evolve from preexisting genes but duplications of entire genes or shuffling of preexisting exons provides only a limited repertoire of new sequences that can be presented to a cell. Only pieces that previously existed can be used in the construction and any further divergence depends on t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Golding GB,Tsao N,Pearlman RE

更新日期：1994-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The redox potentials of electron transfer proteins vary over a wide range, even when the type of redox center is the same. Rees [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1985) 82, 3082-3085] proposed that this variation of redox potential partly reflects the different net charges of the proteins, and he presented a linear correlat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moore GR,Pettigrew GW,Rogers NK

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial cells (ECs) line the mammalian vascular system and respond to the hemodynamic stimulus of fluid shear stress, the frictional force produced by blood flow. When ECs are exposed to shear stress, one of the fastest responses is an increase of K(+) conductance, which suggests that ion channels are involved in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hoger JH,Ilyin VI,Forsyth S,Hoger A

更新日期：2002-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Eccentricity, obliquity, and precession are cyclic parameters of the Earth's orbit whose climatic implications have been widely demonstrated on recent and short time intervals. Amplitude modulations of these parameters on million-year time scales induce "grand orbital cycles," but the behavior and the paleoenvironment...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Martinez M,Dera G

更新日期：2015-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the effect of N-cadherin, and its free or membrane-anchored cytoplasmic domain, on the level and localization of beta-catenin and on its ability to induce lymphocyte enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1)-responsive transactivation. These cadherin derivatives formed complexes with beta-catenin and protected it f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sadot E,Simcha I,Shtutman M,Ben-Ze'ev A,Geiger B

更新日期：1998-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Sequences of each of the four framework segments FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4 of the variable regions (V-regions) of light and heavy chains of immunoglobulins were grouped into sets with identical sequences. Sets contained from 1 to 18 members. When each V-region was traced from one FR to the next, it was seen that members ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kabat EA,Wu TT,Bilofsky H

更新日期：1978-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase plays an essential role in aerobic cellular respiration, reducing dioxygen to water in a process coupled with the pumping of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. An aspartate residue, Asp-51, located near the enzyme surface, undergoes a redox-coupled x-ray structural chan...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsukihara T,Shimokata K,Katayama Y,Shimada H,Muramoto K,Aoyama H,Mochizuki M,Shinzawa-Itoh K,Yamashita E,Yao M,Ishimura Y,Yoshikawa S

更新日期：2003-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Most HLA haplotypes carry two expressed DR beta-chain genes; in the DR4 haplotype, the polymorphic locus has been called DR beta 1 and the apparently nonpolymorphic locus has been called DR beta 2. We have isolated nearly full-length DR beta-chain cDNA clones representing each of these two loci from a cell line homozy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Curtsinger JM,Hilden JM,Cairns JS,Bach FH

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the increasing number of regulatory proteins identified in clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) pathways, our understanding of the exact functions of these proteins and the sequential manner in which they function remains limited. In this study, using the Caenorhabditis elegans intestine as a model, we observe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen S,Li L,Li J,Liu B,Zhu X,Zheng L,Zhang R,Xu T

更新日期：2014-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-27-induced type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells suppress autoimmunity by producing IL-10. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 have been described as key transcription factors that promote IL-10 secretion from Tr1 cells induced by IL-27. However, the molecular pathways for negatively regul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu C,Pot C,Apetoh L,Thalhamer T,Zhu B,Murugaiyan G,Xiao S,Lee Y,Rangachari M,Yosef N,Kuchroo VK

更新日期：2013-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Absorbance changes reflecting the formation of a transient radical-pair state, P(F), were measured in reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides under conditions that blocked electron transfer to a later carrier (a quinone, Q). The temperature dependence of the absorbance changes suggests that P(F) is an equil...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shuvalov VA,Parson WW

更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the central nervous system, myelin proteolipid protein isoforms (PLP and DM20) play an essential structural role in myelination. It has been shown in several species that myelination is impaired by molecular defects resulting from single base mutations in the PLP gene. We have used DNA amplification by polymerase c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pham-Dinh D,Popot JL,Boespflug-Tanguy O,Landrieu P,Deleuze JF,Boué J,Jollès P,Dautigny A

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Replication through a diverse array of DNA lesions occurs by the sequential action of two translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases (Pols), in which one inserts the nucleotide opposite the lesion and the other carries out the subsequent extension. By extending from the nucleotide inserted by another Pol, Polζ plays ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Johnson RE,Prakash L,Prakash S

更新日期：2012-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:In Paramecium tetraurelia, cyclic nucleotides are important physiological second messengers that could regulate dynein mechanochemistry by phosphorylation. A 29-kDa polypeptide that is phosphorylated in a cAMP- and Ca(2+)-sensitive manner in permeabilized cells and isolated axonemes is the only significant phosphoryla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hamasaki T,Barkalow K,Richmond J,Satir P

更新日期：1991-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Eukaryotic cells respond to a variety of DNA insults by triggering a common signal transduction cascade, known as checkpoint response, which temporarily halts cell-cycle progression. Although the main players involved in the cascade have been identified, there is still uncertainty about the nature of the structures th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marini F,Nardo T,Giannattasio M,Minuzzo M,Stefanini M,Plevani P,Muzi Falconi M

更新日期：2006-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:In this model gravitation results from the emission and absorption of quanta (gravitons) that are scattered a few times in crossing a typical galaxy. Many features of the universe can be explained in terms of this model, although theoretical justification for the scattering of gravitons is lacking. Gravitons follow a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Britten RJ

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Climate change and resource exploitation have been shown to modify the importance of bottom-up and top-down forces in ecosystems. However, the resulting pattern of trophic control in complex food webs is an emergent property of the system and thus unintuitive. We develop a statistical nondeterministic model, capable o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lynam CP,Llope M,Möllmann C,Helaouët P,Bayliss-Brown GA,Stenseth NC

更新日期：2017-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:We study the distributions of citations received by a single publication within several disciplines, spanning broad areas of science. We show that the probability that an article is cited c times has large variations between different disciplines, but all distributions are rescaled on a universal curve when the relati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Radicchi F,Fortunato S,Castellano C

更新日期：2008-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The constant heavy chain (CH1) domain affects antibody affinity and fine specificity, challenging the paradigm that only variable regions contribute to antigen binding. To investigate the role of the CH1 domain, we constructed IgA2 from the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 2F5 IgG1, and compared 2F5 IgA2 and IgG bindin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tudor D,Yu H,Maupetit J,Drillet AS,Bouceba T,Schwartz-Cornil I,Lopalco L,Tuffery P,Bomsel M

更新日期：2012-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses of subtypes H5 and H7 are the causative agents of fowl plague in poultry. Influenza A viruses of subtype H5N1 also caused severe respiratory disease in humans in Hong Kong in 1997 and 2003, including at least seven fatal cases, posing a serious human pandemic threat. Between...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fouchier RA,Schneeberger PM,Rozendaal FW,Broekman JM,Kemink SA,Munster V,Kuiken T,Rimmelzwaan GF,Schutten M,Van Doornum GJ,Koch G,Bosman A,Koopmans M,Osterhaus AD

更新日期：2004-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a synthetic ligand, "DAKLI" (Dynorphin A-analogue Kappa LIgand), related to the opioid peptide dynorphin A. A single reactive amino group at the extended carboxyl terminus permits various reporter groups to be attached, such as 125I-labeled Bolton-Hunter reagent, fluorescein isothiocyanate, or biotin. Thes...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldstein A,Nestor JJ Jr,Naidu A,Newman SR

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Local tissue stem cells have been described in airways of the lung but their contribution to normal epithelial maintenance is currently unknown. We therefore developed aggregation chimera mice and a whole-lung imaging method to determine the relative contributions of progenitor (Clara) and bronchiolar stem cells to ep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Giangreco A,Arwert EN,Rosewell IR,Snyder J,Watt FM,Stripp BR

更新日期：2009-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Although malignant astrocytomas are a leading cause of cancer-related death in children, rational therapeutic strategies are lacking. We previously identified activating mutations of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) (BRAF(T1799A) encoding BRAF(V600E)) in association with homozygous cyclin-dependen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huillard E,Hashizume R,Phillips JJ,Griveau A,Ihrie RA,Aoki Y,Nicolaides T,Perry A,Waldman T,McMahon M,Weiss WA,Petritsch C,James CD,Rowitch DH

更新日期：2012-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The output of the cerebellar cortex is controlled by two main inputs, (i.e., the climbing fiber and mossy fiber-parallel fiber pathway) and activations of these inputs elicit characteristic effects in its Purkinje cells: that is, the so-called complex spikes and simple spikes. Target neurons of the Purkinje cells in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hoebeek FE,Witter L,Ruigrok TJ,De Zeeuw CI

更新日期：2010-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Among the 15 extracellular domains of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R), domain 11 has evolved a binding site for IGF2 to negatively regulate ligand bioavailability and mammalian growth. Despite the highly evolved structural loops of the IGF2:domain 11 binding site, affinity-enh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frago S,Nicholls RD,Strickland M,Hughes J,Williams C,Garner L,Surakhy M,Maclean R,Rezgui D,Prince SN,Zaccheo OJ,Ebner D,Sanegre S,Yu S,Buffa FM,Crump MP,Hassan AB

更新日期：2016-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Light microscopy autoradiography has been used to visualize neuroanatomical patterns of brain opiate receptor upregulation in response to chronic naltrexone administration. Slide-mounted brain sections of frozen rat brain were labeled in vitro with dihydro[3H]morphine, a relatively selective mu opioid ligand. The grea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tempel A,Gardner EL,Zukin RS

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the contribution of interleukin-4 (IL-4) to airway inflammation in vivo and to explore directly its relationship to airway reactivity, we created transgenic mice in which the murine cDNA for IL-4 was regulated by the rat Clara cell 10 protein promoter. Expression was detected only in the lung and not in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rankin JA,Picarella DE,Geba GP,Temann UA,Prasad B,DiCosmo B,Tarallo A,Stripp B,Whitsett J,Flavell RA

更新日期：1996-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The heart of the H+ conductance mechanism in the homotetrameric M2 H+ channel from influenza A is a set of four histidine side chains. Here, we show that protonation of the third of these imidazoles coincides with acid activation of this transmembrane channel and that, at physiological pH, the channel is closed by two...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hu J,Fu R,Nishimura K,Zhang L,Zhou HX,Busath DD,Vijayvergiya V,Cross TA

更新日期：2006-05-02 00:00:00