Abstract:
:Light microscopy autoradiography has been used to visualize neuroanatomical patterns of brain opiate receptor upregulation in response to chronic naltrexone administration. Slide-mounted brain sections of frozen rat brain were labeled in vitro with dihydro[3H]morphine, a relatively selective mu opioid ligand. The greatest relative increases in opiate receptor density were observed in the nucleus accumbens, the amygdala, striatal patches, nuclei of the thalamus and hypothalamus, layers I and III of neocortex, substantia nigra compacta, midbrain periaqueductal gray regions, and the parabrachial nuclei of the brainstem. The substantia nigra reticulata, surrounding areas of striatal patches, and the locus ceruleus, were not affected by this drug treatment. These findings demonstrate that chronically administered naltrexone differentially regulates opiate receptors throughout the brain. In particular, three brain systems appear to be target areas of receptor upregulation : (i) the dopamine A9/A10 systems, (ii) the limbic system, and (iii) structures that receive input from afferent sensory pathways. Two possible mechanisms to account for this finding are (i) that the drug does not have uniform effects throughout the brain or (ii) that the receptors themselves may be associated with different functional systems. Receptor density changes are paralleled by increases in methionine-enkephalin content in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, periaqueductal gray, and hypothalamic areas of chronic naltrexone-treated rats relative to control rats. Thus opiate receptors and opioid peptides appear to be subject to regulatory mechanisms similar to those that modulate other neurotransmitters and their receptors. These results document in a visual manner brain patterns of opiate receptor upregulation .
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Tempel A,Gardner EL,Zukin RSdoi
10.1073/pnas.81.12.3893subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-06-01 00:00:00pages
3893-7issue
12eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The charge density distribution of a protein has been refined experimentally. Diffraction data for a crambin crystal were measured to ultra-high resolution (0.54 A) at low temperature by using short-wavelength synchrotron radiation. The crystal structure was refined with a model for charged, nonspherical, multipolar a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.7.3171
更新日期:2000-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::We provide empirical evidence of immigrants' specialization in skill acquisition well before entering the US labor market. Nationally representative datasets enable studying the academic trajectories of immigrant children, with a focus on high-school course-taking patterns and college major choice. Immigrant children ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1812041116
更新日期:2019-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis provides a powerful means of investigating human migration, social organization, and a plethora of other crucial questions about humanity's past. Recently, specialists have suggested that the ideal research design involving aDNA would include multiple independent lines of evidence. In this ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2005965117
更新日期:2020-08-04 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the importance of Mg(2+) for numerous cellular activities, the mechanisms underlying its import and homeostasis are poorly understood. The CorA family is ubiquitous and is primarily responsible for Mg(2+) transport. However, the key questions-such as, the ion selectivity, the transport pathway, and the gating ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1210076109
更新日期:2012-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight disease in potato, produces two host-specific, lipidlike toxins in culture. Both compounds are required in the leaf bioassay for the elicitation of typical early blight symptoms, but the compounds are individually inactive. The procedures for the preparation of both ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.10.4935
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lesion of the sciatic nerve caused a rapid increase in c-fos and c-jun mRNA that was followed about 2 hr later by an increase in nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA. To evaluate whether the initial increase in c-fos mRNA is causally related to the subsequent increase in NGF mRNA, we performed experiments with fibroblasts o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.10.3899
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone mineralization is an essential step during the embryonic development of vertebrates, and bone serves vital functions in human physiology. To systematically identify unique gene functions essential for osteogenesis, we performed a forward genetic screen in zebrafish and isolated a mutant, no bone (nob), that does ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1214231110
更新日期:2012-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::Mannan-binding protein (MBP), a Ca2+-dependent mammalian lectin specific for mannose and N-acetylglucosamine, is an important serum component associated with innate immunity. MBP activates complement and functions as a direct opsonin on binding to mannooligosaccharide-bearing pathogens. We have found that MBP recogniz...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.2.371
更新日期:1999-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::RNAs 1 and 2 of the tripartite cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) genome are sufficient for RNA replication in protoplasts, whereas systemic infection of cowpea plants additionally requires RNA3, which encodes the 3a noncapsid protein and coat protein. By using biologically active CCMV cDNA clones, we find that dele...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.5.1820
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is well described in model membranes, little is known about phase separation in biological membranes. Here, we provide evidence for a coexistence of at least two different lipid bilayer phases in the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells. Phase connectivity was assessed by measuring long-range diffusi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0509885103
更新日期:2006-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::Vertebrae are derived from the sclerotomal moities of the somites. Sclerotomal cells migrate ventrally to surround the notochord, where they form the vertebral body, and dorsolaterally to form the neural arch, which is dorsally closed by the spinous process. Precursor cells of the spinous process as well as superficia...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.22.10435
更新日期:1994-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Mesophyll protoplasts of Lycopersicon esculentum were treated with iodoacetamide to inactivate mitochondria, and protoplasts of Solanum acaule and Solanum tuberosum were irradiated with gamma- or x-rays to inactivate nuclei. Mixtures of protoplasts thus modified were treated with Ca2+ and polyethylene glycol to obtain...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.15.6832
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial memory enhances an organism's navigational ability. Memory typically resides within the brain, but what if an organism has no brain? We show that the brainless slime mold Physarum polycephalum constructs a form of spatial memory by avoiding areas it has previously explored. This mechanism allows the slime mold...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1215037109
更新日期:2012-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::The human beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene has multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but the relevance of chromosomally phased SNPs (haplotypes) is not known. The phylogeny and the in vitro and in vivo consequences of variations in the 5' upstream and ORF were delineated in a multiethnic reference populatio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.19.10483
更新日期:2000-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Hypothesis directed proteomics offers higher throughput over global analyses. We show that immunoprecipitation (IP)-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in H929 multiple myeloma (MM) cancer cells led to the discovery of a rare and unexpected BCR-ABL fusion, informing a therapeutic intervention using imatinib (Gleevec)....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1212759109
更新日期:2012-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::The temporal distribution of the major extinctions over the past 250 million years has been investigated statistically using various forms of time series analysis. The analyzed record is based on variation in extinction intensity for fossil families of marine vertebrates, invertebrates, and protozoans and contains 12 ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.3.801
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common chronic human genetic disorder whose hallmark is systemic iron overload. Homozygosity for a mutation in the MHC class I heavy chain paralogue gene HFE has been found to be a primary cause of HH. However, many individuals homozygous for the defective allele of HFE do not deve...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.091088998
更新日期:2001-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Many physical and chemical properties of the light rare-earths and actinides are governed by the active role of f electrons, and despite intensive efforts the details of the mechanisms of phase stability and transformation are not fully understood. A prominent example which has attracted a lot of interest, both experi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1015945108
更新日期:2011-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is a subterranean eusocial rodent with a markedly long lifespan and resistance to tumorigenesis. Multiple data implicate modulation of protein translation in longevity. Here we report that 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of the naked mole-rat is processed into two smaller fragments ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1313473110
更新日期:2013-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::The cheA locus of Escherichia coli, which is required for chemotactic behavior, encodes two polypeptide products designated p[cheA]L and p[cheA]S. The mode of synthesis of these two proteins was investigated by transferring various missense and nonsense mutations to a lambda transducing phage and observing the mutant ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.9.5370
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bovine adrenal medullary cells, cultured on quartz plates, were superfused with buffer to which pulses of stimulant were added. Cytosolic Ca2+ was measured by the fura-2 fluorescence method and the simultaneously released catecholamine was measured electrochemically. When stimulant concentrations were adjusted to give...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.24.9881
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The three deleted in liver cancer genes (DLC1-3) encode Rho-GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) whose expression is frequently down-regulated or silenced in a variety of human malignancies. The RhoGAP activity is required for full DLC-dependent tumor suppressor activity. Here we report that DLC1 and DLC3 bind to huma...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0703033104
更新日期:2007-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is assumed to contribute to goal-directed episodic encoding by exerting cognitive control on medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory processes. However, it is thus far unclear to what extent the contribution of PFC-MTL interactions to memory manifests at a structural anatomical level. We combined...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1013287108
更新日期:2011-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::DNA replication is a core biological process that occurs in prokaryotic cells at high speeds (∼1 nucleotide residue added per millisecond) and with high fidelity (fewer than one misincorporation event per 107 nucleotide additions). The ssDNA binding protein [gene product 32 (gp32)] of the T4 bacteriophage is a central...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1619819114
更新日期:2017-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::The antigenic sites of horse and rat cytochromes c in the major antigenic region were compared using a panel of variant cytochromes c and a large number of BALB/c mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in competitive ELISAs. The major antigenic region of cytochrome c is located on the surface opposite of that containing t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.10.4428
更新日期:1991-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Zebrafish carrying heterozygous mutations for 17 different ribosomal protein (rp) genes are prone to developing malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), a tumor type that is seldom seen in laboratory strains of zebrafish. Interestingly, the same rare tumor type arises in zebrafish that are homozygous for a l...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0805036105
更新日期:2008-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::We previously demonstrated that the primary region of factor IX and IXa responsible for saturable specific binding to bovine aortic endothelial cells resides in residues 3-11 at the amino terminus of factor IX. We also demonstrated that mutations of lysine to alanine at residue 5, factor IX K5A, or valine to lysine at...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.20.11068
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic islets regulate glucose homeostasis through coordinated actions of hormone-secreting cells. What underlies the function of the islet as a unit is the close approximation and communication among heterogeneous cell populations, but the structural mediators of islet cellular cross talk remain incompletely char...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2001936117
更新日期:2020-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::I measured the strength of interaction between a marine herbivore and its growing resource over a realistic range of absolute and relative abundances. The herbivores (hermit crabs: Pagurus spp.) have slow and/or weak functional and numerical responses to epiphytic diatoms (Isthmia nervosa), which show logistic growth ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6843
更新日期:1998-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::In the traditional Z scheme of photosynthesis the Emerson effects of red drop (decline in yield of photosynthesis in far-red light) and enhancement (of far-red yield by supplementary short-wavelength light) are taken to be evidence for the coupling in series of two photosystems that absorb unsymmetrically in the far-r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.12.4103
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00