Abstract:
:Vertebrae are derived from the sclerotomal moities of the somites. Sclerotomal cells migrate ventrally to surround the notochord, where they form the vertebral body, and dorsolaterally to form the neural arch, which is dorsally closed by the spinous process. Precursor cells of the spinous process as well as superficial ectoderm and roof plate express homeobox genes of the Msh family from embryonic day 2 (E2) to E6. The notochord has been shown to be responsible for the dorsoventral polarization of the somites and for the induction of sclerotomal cells into cartilage. Indeed, supernumerary notochord grafted laterally to the neural tube induces the conversion of the entire somite into cartilage. We report here that a mediodorsal graft of notochord prevents the sclerotomal cells migrating dorsally to the roof plate from differentiating into cartilage. Under these experimental conditions, expression of Msx genes is abolished. We thus demonstrate that cartilaginous, differentiation is differentially controlled in the dorsal part of the vertebra (spinous process) and in the neural arch and vertebral body.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Monsoro-Burq AH,Bontoux M,Teillet MA,Le Douarin NMdoi
10.1073/pnas.91.22.10435subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-10-25 00:00:00pages
10435-9issue
22eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Covalent attachment of myristic acid (C14:0) to the NH2-terminal glycine residue of a number of cellular, viral, and oncogene-encoded proteins is essential for full expression of their biological function. Substitution of oxygen for methylene groups in this fatty acid does not produce a significant change in chain len...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.21.8511
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ultrastructure of the crystalline ferric mineral that forms the central core of ferritin macro-molecules has been examined by means of ultrahigh resolution electron microscopy at 100 kV. Very high magnification dark-field images reveal the presence of either a single large crystal or several smaller crystallites w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.12.3847
更新日期:1973-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural transformation (i.e., the uptake of DNA and its stable integration in the chromosome) is a major mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. Although the vast majority of bacterial genomes carry the genes involved in natural transformation, close relatives of naturally transformable species often appear...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1909374116
更新日期:2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::In HL-60 cells, a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, the human c-myc gene, designated MYC, is amplified about 16-fold. On differentiation of the HL-60 cells into granulocytes induced by several inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase [NAD+ poly(adenosine diphosphate D-ribose)ADP-D-ribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.3...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7442
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a method for predicting protein folding class based on global protein chain description and a voting process. Selection of the best descriptors was achieved by a computer-simulated neural network trained on a data base consisting of 83 folding classes. Protein-chain descriptors include overall composition, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.19.8700
更新日期:1995-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::The photoproduct of carbon monoxide myoglobin generated at 4 K and lower has a resonance Raman spectrum characteristic of a high-spin heme but in which the high-frequency core size-sensitive lines are at lower frequency than those in the deoxy preparation. Such differences are not detected in the photoproduct generate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.5.1310
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The solar system formed from interstellar dust and gas in a molecular cloud. Astronomical observations show that typical interstellar dust consists of amorphous (a-) silicate and organic carbon. Bona fide physical samples for laboratory studies would yield unprecedented insight about solar system formation, but they w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1720167115
更新日期:2018-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::Division of labor is fundamental to the success of all societies. The most striking examples are the physically polymorphic worker castes in social insects with clear morphological adaptations to different roles. These polymorphic worker castes have previously been thought to be a classic example of nongentically cont...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1633701100
更新日期:2003-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria are a major problem worldwide. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, most notably isolates classified as multilocus sequence type (ST) 258, have emerged as an important cause of hospital deaths. ST258 isolates are predominantly multidrug resistant, and therefore infec...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1321364111
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fragment of the cloned gene for the human myeloma ND epsilon chain, coding for the second, third, and fourth domains of the immunoglobulin, has been coupled to the tryptophan control region of an expression plasmid and subcloned in Escherichia coli. Induction of gene expression results in the synthesis of the expect...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.10.2955
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracts of insect cells infected with baculoviruses recombinant for the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)-encoded enzymes that are required for its replication can promote the rolling circle replication of circular plasmid templates. Replication is independent of a HSV-1 origin of replication (oris) or the HSV-1 origin ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.22.10665
更新日期:1994-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have a unique capacity to undergo self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation to provide a lifetime supply of mature blood cells. By using conditional knockout technology, we disrupted the c-myb proto-oncogene specifically in adult bone marrow (BM) to demonstrate that this transcript...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0907623106
更新日期:2009-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::Fluid mixing in active suspensions of microorganisms is important to ecological phenomena and presents a fascinating stochastic process. We investigate the mixing produced by swimming unicellular algal cells (Chlamydomonas) in quasi-two-dimensional liquid films by simultaneously tracking the motion of the cells and th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1107046108
更新日期:2011-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodeoxyribonucleotides with site-specific modifications have been used as substrates for Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I holoenzyme and Klenow fragment. Modifications included the bulky guanine-8-aminofluorene adduct and a guanine oxidation product resembling the product of photosensitized DNA oxidation. By a com...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.8.2325
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factor VII is a precursor to a serine protease that is present in mammalian plasma. In its activated form, it participates in blood coagulation by activating factor X and/or factor IX in the presence of tissue factor and calcium. Clones coding for factor VII were obtained from two cDNA libraries prepared from poly(A) ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.8.2412
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acid-sensing ion channel-1 (ASIC1) contributes to synaptic plasticity and may influence the response to cerebral ischemia and acidosis. We found that cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylated heterologously expressed ASIC1 and endogenous ASIC1 in brain slices. ASIC1 also showed significant phosphorylation under...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.252782799
更新日期:2003-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Ferulic, caffeic, chlorogenic, and ellagic acids, four naturally occurring plant phenols, inhibit the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of (+/-)-7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9alpha, 10alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-2), the only known ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.18.5513
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ribavirin is a nucleotide analog that can be incorporated by viral polymerases, causing mutations by allowing base mismatches. It is currently used therapeutically as an antiviral drug during hepatitis C virus infections. During the amplification of poliovirus genomic RNA or hepatitis C replicons, error frequency is k...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1232294100
更新日期:2003-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::Retinoblastoma-related (RBR) genes inhibit the cell cycle primarily by repressing adenovirus E2 promoter binding factor (E2F) transcription factors, which drive the expression of numerous genes required for DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. The RBR-E2F pathway is conserved in plants, but cereals such as maize ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0813329106
更新日期:2009-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) sense and respond to hemodynamic shear stress, which is critical for circulatory homeostasis and the pathophysiology of vascular diseases. The mechanisms of shear stress mechanotransduction, however, remain elusive. We previously demonstrated a direct role of mitochondria in the purine...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2014029117
更新日期:2020-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria forms a robust permeability barrier that blocks entry of toxins and antibiotics. Most OM proteins (OMPs) assume a β-barrel fold, and some form aqueous channels for nutrient uptake and efflux of intracellular toxins. The Bam machine catalyzes rapid folding and assembly ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1806107115
更新日期:2018-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Efficient expression of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) genes requires both host and viral proteins and is dependent on DNA sequences in the proviral long terminal repeats (LTRs). We have used DNase I-protection assays (footprinting) to construct a map of protein-DNA interactions over a 250-nucleotide regi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.5.1457
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In clinical trials comparing two treatments, one would often like to control the probability of erroneous decision while minimizing not the total sample size but the number of patients given the inferior treatment. To do this obviously requires that one use a datadependent allocation rule for the two treatments rather...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.10.2993
更新日期:1972-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ducks and wild waterfowl perpetuate all strains of influenza viruses in nature. In their natural host, influenza viruses typically cause asymptomatic infection and little pathology. Ducks are often resistant to influenza viruses capable of killing chickens. Here, we show that the influenza virus sensor, RIG-I, is pres...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1001755107
更新日期:2010-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Imprinted gene expression associated with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) is controlled by two imprinting centers (ICs), the PWS-IC and the AS-IC. The PWS-IC operates in cis to activate transcription of genes that are expressed exclusively from the paternal allele. We have created a conditional ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1115057109
更新日期:2012-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::O-GlcNAc is an intracellular posttranslational modification that governs myriad cell biological processes and is dysregulated in human diseases. Despite this broad pathophysiological significance, the biochemical effects of most O-GlcNAcylation events remain uncharacterized. One prevalent hypothesis is that O-GlcNAc m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1722437115
更新日期:2018-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::The semaphorins comprise a large family of membrane-bound and secreted proteins, some of which have been shown to function in axon guidance. We have cloned a transmembrane semaphorin, Sema W, that belongs to the class IV subgroup of the semaphorin family. The mouse and rat forms of Sema W show 97% amino acid sequence ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.2491
更新日期:1999-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::The low-energy conformations for a series of peptides based on the sequence of the ras P21 protein from position 55 to position 67 have been computed using conformational energy analysis. These sequences differed at position 61 and contained Gln, Pro, Leu, Lys, and Arg at this position. P21 proteins with Gln, Glu, or ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.23.8375
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily are important for cell growth and survival. In addition to providing costimulatory signals for cell proliferation, ligation of both TNFR1 and Fas can result in programmed cell death or apoptosis. The underlying mechanism requires an intact 80-aa stretch ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.12.6346
更新日期:1997-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::We have cloned and partially characterized 24 loci from the human genome which are complementary to U1, U2, or U3, the three major species of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) in HeLa cells. When compared to the known U1 (human) and U2 (rat) snRNA sequences, the DNA sequences we report here for the complementary regions from ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.2.810
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00