Regeneration of a functional RNA virus genome by recombination between deletion mutants and requirement for cowpea chlorotic mottle virus 3a and coat genes for systemic infection.

abstract：:Total chemical synthesis was used to prepare the mirror image (D-protein) form of the angiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A). Phage display against D-VEGF-A was used to screen designed libraries based on a unique small protein scaffold in order to identify a high affinity ligand. Chemically syn...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mandal K,Uppalapati M,Ault-Riché D,Kenney J,Lowitz J,Sidhu SS,Kent SB

更新日期：2012-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:After exposure to low density lipoprotein (LDL) that had been minimally modified by oxidation (MM-LDL), human endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) cultured separately or together produced 2- to 3-fold more monocyte chemotactic activity than did control cells or cells exposed to freshly isolated LDL. Th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cushing SD,Berliner JA,Valente AJ,Territo MC,Navab M,Parhami F,Gerrity R,Schwartz CJ,Fogelman AM

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gut microbial composition depends on different dietary habits just as health depends on microbial metabolism, but the association of microbiota with different diets in human populations has not yet been shown. In this work, we compared the fecal microbiota of European children (EU) and that of children from a rural Af...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： De Filippo C,Cavalieri D,Di Paola M,Ramazzotti M,Poullet JB,Massart S,Collini S,Pieraccini G,Lionetti P

更新日期：2010-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies with fibroblasts have shown that peptidylhydroxyproline formation begins toward the end of the log phase of growth and is an expression of the activity of the enzyme, collagen proline hydroxylase, which increase in late log-phase cells. This communication reports a two- to fivefold increase in hydroxyla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Comstock JP,Udenfriend S

更新日期：1970-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A series of small peptides corresponding to the amino termini of the fibrin alpha- and beta-chains has been synthesized. The peptides glycyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-proline and glycyl-L-prolyl-L-arginylsarcosine are potent inhibitors of fibrin polymerization. Moreover, these peptides have a natural stability stemming fro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Laudano AP,Doolittle RF

更新日期：1978-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In extracts of interferon-treated HeLa cells, RNA covalently linked to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is preferentially degraded compared with mRNA not linked in dsRNA. This was established by following the degradation of poly(A)-containing mRNA annealed with poly(U), of poly(C)-containing encephalomyocarditis virus RNA ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nilsen TW,Baglioni C

更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Von Willebrand factor (vWF) was purified from the plasma of a patient with type IIB von Willebrand disease (vWF from such a patient, IIB vWF) who had a normal platelet count and showed no evidence of spontaneous platelet aggregation. Large multimers of IIB vWF were absent from purified preparations and from plasma. Ri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： De Marco L,Girolami A,Zimmerman TS,Ruggeri ZM

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the usual Darwinian case in which struggle for existence leads to density limitations on the environment's carrying capacity, R. A. Fisher's reproductive-value concept reduces to zero for every initial age group. To salvage some meaning for Fisher's notion, two variant reproductive-value concepts are defined here: ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Samuelson PA

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be important signal molecules that are involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as in growth regulation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ROS act as a growth regulator, as well as how ROS-dependent growth regulation relates to its roles in stress resp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mabuchi K,Maki H,Itaya T,Suzuki T,Nomoto M,Sakaoka S,Morikami A,Higashiyama T,Tada Y,Busch W,Tsukagoshi H

更新日期：2018-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:When expressed in Escherichia coli, the human beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors retain their ligand binding specificity. Their functional integrity was investigated by analyzing receptor-guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory (G) protein coupling by using two splice variants of the alpha subunit of the stimulator...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Freissmuth M,Selzer E,Marullo S,Schütz W,Strosberg AD

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The C4B isotype of the fourth component of human complement (C4) displays 3- to 4-fold greater hemolytic activity than does its other isotype C4A. This correlates with differences in their covalent binding efficiencies to erythrocytes coated with antibody and complement C1. C4A binds to a greater extent when C1 is on ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carroll MC,Fathallah DM,Bergamaschini L,Alicot EM,Isenman DE

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are critical regulators of neuronal excitability and can be directly activated by ethanol. Constitutive deletion of the GIRK3 subunit has minimal phenotypic consequences, except in response to drugs of abuse. Here we investigated how the GIRK3 subunit contr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Herman MA,Sidhu H,Stouffer DG,Kreifeldt M,Le D,Cates-Gatto C,Munoz MB,Roberts AJ,Parsons LH,Roberto M,Wickman K,Slesinger PA,Contet C

更新日期：2015-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The major virulence determinant of the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii, has remained unresolved since the discovery of the lethal line in the 1970s. Because virulence in this parasite correlates with the ability to invade different types of erythrocytes, we evaluated the potential role of the parasite eryth...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Otsuki H,Kaneko O,Thongkukiatkul A,Tachibana M,Iriko H,Takeo S,Tsuboi T,Torii M

更新日期：2009-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas the neurodegeneration associated with various polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases has prompted extensive studies of polyQ-induced cell death, the neuronal loss that typically appears during late stages of the diseases may not account for the preceding movement and mental disorders. The cellular basis for polyQ-indu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee SB,Bagley JA,Lee HY,Jan LY,Jan YN

更新日期：2011-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-33, a cytokine of the IL-1 family, is closely associated with type II T cell responses. Here, we report an unexpected proinflammatory role of IL-33 in inflammatory arthritis. IL-33 was expressed in synovial fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Expression was markedly elevated in vitro by inflam...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu D,Jiang HR,Kewin P,Li Y,Mu R,Fraser AR,Pitman N,Kurowska-Stolarska M,McKenzie AN,McInnes IB,Liew FY

更新日期：2008-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins fold through a variety of mechanisms. For a given protein, folding routes largely depend on the protein's stability and its native-state geometry, because the landscape is funneled. These ideas are corroborated for cytochrome c by using a coarse-grained topology-based model with a perfect funnel landscape tha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weinkam P,Zong C,Wolynes PG

更新日期：2005-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The genomic sequences encoding the human lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl esterase (sterol esterase; EC 3.1.1.13) have been isolated and sequenced, and the information has been used to identify mutations in both alleles of the gene from a patient with Wolman disease, an autosomal recessive lysosomal lipid storage dis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Anderson RA,Byrum RS,Coates PM,Sando GN

更新日期：1994-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationships between parental effort, offspring growth, and offspring blood parasitemias are poorly known. We examined the effect of parental effort on offspring size and prevalence of trypanosomes in peripheral blood of nestling Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca aged 13 days. Trypanosome infections were likely...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Merino S,Potti J,Moreno J

更新日期：1996-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonribosomal peptides and polyketides are a diverse group of natural products with complex chemical structures and enormous pharmaceutical potential. They are synthesized on modular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) enzyme complexes by a conserved thiotemplate mechanism. Here, we rep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang H,Fewer DP,Holm L,Rouhiainen L,Sivonen K

更新日期：2014-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Precise genome editing is a valuable tool to study gene function in model organisms. Prime editing, a precise editing system developed in mammalian cells, does not require double-strand breaks or donor DNA and has low off-target effects. Here, we applied prime editing for the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bosch JA,Birchak G,Perrimon N

更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogen exit is a key stage in the spread and propagation of infectious disease, with the fecal-oral route being a common mode of disease transmission. However, it is poorly understood which molecular pathways provide the major modes for intracellular pathogen exit and fecal-oral transmission in vivo. Here, we use th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Szumowski SC,Botts MR,Popovich JJ,Smelkinson MG,Troemel ER

更新日期：2014-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The sustainability of irrigated agriculture in many arid and semiarid areas of the world is at risk because of a combination of several interrelated factors, including lack of fresh water, lack of drainage, the presence of high water tables, and salinization of soil and groundwater resources. Nowhere in the United Sta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schoups G,Hopmans JW,Young CA,Vrugt JA,Wallender WW,Tanji KK,Panday S

更新日期：2005-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The spread of bacteria resistant to antimicrobial agents calls for population-wide treatment strategies to delay or reverse the trend toward antibiotic resistance. Here we propose new criteria for the evaluation of the population-wide effects of treatment protocols for directly transmitted bacterial infections and dis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bonhoeffer S,Lipsitch M,Levin BR

更新日期：1997-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:To attempt to locate functionally important regions of the interferon (IFN) molecule, recombinant human IFN-alpha 2 was subjected to proteolytic digestion. The bacterial proteinase thermolysin produced two major complementary fragments, HuIFN-alpha 2-(1-110) and HuIFN-alpha 2-(111-153). After reduction with 2-mercapto...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ackerman SK,Zur Nedden D,Heintzelman M,Hunkapiller M,Zoon K

更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tetherin/BST2 is a type-II membrane protein that inhibits the release of a range of enveloped viruses, including HIV-1. Here we report three crystal structures of human tetherin, including the full-length ectodomain, a triple cysteine mutant and an ectodomain truncation. These structures show that tetherin forms a con...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang H,Wang J,Jia X,McNatt MW,Zang T,Pan B,Meng W,Wang HW,Bieniasz PD,Xiong Y

更新日期：2010-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In a metabolic study of human and mouse preimplantation embryos (preembryos), we measured glucose uptake and phosphorylation with nonradioactive 2-deoxyglucose (DG) as tracer. Initial experiments indicated an active hexose transport capacity, a property thought to be restricted in mammals to intestinal villi and kidne...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chi MM,Manchester JK,Basuray R,Mahendra S,Strickler RC,McDougal DB Jr,Lowry OH

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A detailed model for the structure and dynamics of the interior of the lipid bilayer in the liquid crystal phase is presented. The model includes two classes of motion: (i) the internal dynamics of the chains, determined from Brownian dynamics simulations with a continuous version of the Marcelja mean-field potential,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pastor RW,Venable RM,Karplus M

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The electrical block to fertilization of sea urchin eggs can be overcome by very brief periods of inside-negative egg membrane potential. Lytechinus pictus eggs whose membrane potentials have been clamped at +15 mV cannot be fertilized. If the membrane potential is repolarized to inside-negative voltages for a brief i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shen SS,Steinhardt RA

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A model is presented for age-specific selection on the genotypes in a population. Each genotype is assigned a life table that specifies the viability and fecundity of its age classes. Breeding and reproduction occur at regular intervals, and generations overlap. Examples were generated on a digital computer. Gene freq...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Anderson WW,King CE

更新日期：1970-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The protease encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) processes the viral gag and gag-pol protein precursor by posttranslational cleavage. In this study we have demonstrated by site-specific mutagenesis (Asp----Thr) and by pepstatin A inhibition that the recombinant HIV protease is an aspartic-type protease. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seelmeier S,Schmidt H,Turk V,von der Helm K

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00