Abstract:
:The protease encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) processes the viral gag and gag-pol protein precursor by posttranslational cleavage. In this study we have demonstrated by site-specific mutagenesis (Asp----Thr) and by pepstatin A inhibition that the recombinant HIV protease is an aspartic-type protease. Furthermore, incubation of HIV-infected H9 cells with pepstatin A inhibited part of the intracellular processing of the HIV gag protein yet had no apparent toxicity on HIV-infected cells during 48 hr of incubation.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Seelmeier S,Schmidt H,Turk V,von der Helm Kdoi
10.1073/pnas.85.18.6612subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-09-01 00:00:00pages
6612-6issue
18eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Gene-regulatory networks are ubiquitous in nature and critical for bottom-up engineering of synthetic networks. Transcriptional repression is a fundamental function that can be tuned at the level of DNA, protein, and cooperative protein-protein interactions, necessitating high-throughput experimental approaches for in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1816591116
更新日期:2019-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in purified synaptic vesicles from rat forebrain has been studied in the presence of Mn2+ and orthovanadate. High levels of endogenous protein tyrosine phosphorylation were observed. Four major phosphoproteins, with apparent molecular masses of 105, 94, 38, and 30 kDa, were shown to co...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.3.762
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Questions that still surround the origin and early dispersals of maize (Zea mays L.) result in large part from the absence of information on its early history from the Balsas River Valley of tropical southwestern Mexico, where its wild ancestor is native. We report starch grain and phytolith data from the Xihuatoxtla ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0812525106
更新日期:2009-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::T cells that have been immunized to express optimal levels of contact hypersensitivity upon adoptive transfer to normal animals can be inhibited from doing so by incubating them with an antigen-specific T suppressor factor. This factor is composed of at least two subunits which come from cells expressing different Ly ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.7.2375
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) comprises multifactorial ailments for which current therapeutic strategies remain insufficient to broadly address the underlying pathophysiology. Epigenetic gene regulation relies upon multifactorial processes that regulate multiple gene and protein pathways, including those involved in AD. We...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1707544114
更新日期:2017-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear proteins contain specific regions that are required for entry into the nucleus. Using ligand blotting, we have shown that a 67-kDa yeast nuclear envelope protein (p67) recognizes synthetic peptides containing the yeast histone H2B or simian virus 40 large tumor antigen nuclear localization sequence. Both free ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.22.8808
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Donor DNA molecules carrying Tn1 or Tn3 deletion mutants do not need to replicate in order to participate in replicon fusion recombination events during which the Tn1/Tn3 element is duplicated. We have assayed Tn1 delta Ap-mediated replicon fusion events involving plasmid R388 and the bacteriophage lambda-derived plas...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.8.2314
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two of the most important models to account for the specificity and sensitivity of the T cell receptor (TCR) are the kinetic proofreading and serial ligation models. However, although kinetic proofreading provides a means for individual TCRs to measure accurately the length of time they are engaged and signal appropri...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.101113698
更新日期:2001-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding mammalian spermatozoan development and the events surrounding fertilization has grown slowly, in part because of uncertainty about the number and identity of the cellular components involved. Determination of those transcripts expressed specifically by germ cells should provide an inclusive list of proba...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1635054100
更新日期:2003-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive assay for detection of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II has been developed. This assay depends on the ability of polymerase II to elongate a small RNA primer, oligo(U), hybridized to a single-stranded homopolymeric DNA template, poly(dA). The poly(dA).oligo(U)-dependent RNA polymerase II from calf thymus has b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.23.7979
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Color and black and white line stimulation produce qualitatively and quantitatively different 2-deoxy[14C]glucose column patterns in the striate cortex of macaque monkeys. Microdensitometry of these stimulus-dependent columns reveals interlaminar density differences that serve as a signature for the stimulus condition...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.21.6722
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A metabolite of estradiol, 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME), inhibits angiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. Since 2ME causes mitotic perturbations, we examined its interactions with tubulin. In our standard 1.0 M glutamate system (plus 1.0 mM MgCl2 at 37 degrees C), superstoichiometric concentrati...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.9.3964
更新日期:1994-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple paleoclimate proxies are required for robust assessment of past hydroclimatic conditions. Currently, estimates of drought variability over the past several thousand years are based largely on tree-ring records. We produced a 1,500-y record of winter precipitation in the Pacific Northwest using a physical mode...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1201083109
更新日期:2012-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Hitherto it has not been possible to obtain spore and stalk cell differentiation of the cellular slime molds in submerged cultures. It is shown here that cells, when placed in roller tubes under an atmosphere of oxygen, will form clumps and differentiate in 48-72 hr into mature spores and stalk cells. Although differe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.1.268
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human spliceosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyzes pre-mRNA splicing. It consists of five snRNAs and more than 200 proteins. Because of this complexity, much work has focused on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spliceosome, viewed as a highly simplified system with fewer than half as many splicing f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1416879112
更新日期:2015-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::The clonal rat pituitary cell line GH4C1 expresses the genes for several voltage-dependent potassium channels including Kv1.5 and Kv1.4. Dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid agonist, induces a slowly inactivating potassium current in these cells but does not alter the amplitude of a rapidly inactivating component of potass...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.13.5955
更新日期:1995-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::Flagellin and several other external components of the bacterial flagellum are thought to be exported, not by the general N-terminal signal peptide-dependent pathway, but by a flagellum-specific pathway involving a central channel in the flagellum itself. We have constructed a variety of mutant alleles of the Escheric...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.13.4953
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein interactions with the collagen triple helix play a critical role in collagen fibril formation, cell adhesion, and signaling. However, structural insight into sequence-specific collagen recognition is limited to an integrin-peptide complex. A GVMGFO motif in fibrillar collagens (O denotes 4-hydroxyproline) bind...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0808452105
更新日期:2008-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::An excised patch of embryonic muscle membrane was used as a probe for measuring the release of acetylcholine (AcCho) from growing spinal neurons in Xenopus cell culture. The neuron was stimulated extracellularly at the soma, and the evoked AcCho release was monitored at the growth cone, along the neurite, and near the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.8.2540
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A vestigial, nonphotosynthetic plastid has been identified recently in protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa. The apicomplexan plastid, or "apicoplast," is indispensable, but the complete sequence of both the Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii apicoplast genomes has offered no clue as to what essentia...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.21.12352
更新日期:1998-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin 2 (IL-2)-deficient (IL-2-/-) mice develop hemolytic anemia and chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Importantly, the induction of disease in IL-2-deficient mice is critically dependent on CD4+ T cells. We have studied the requirements of T cells from IL-2-deficient mice for costimulation with B7 antigens. S...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.7.2903
更新日期:1996-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism for cooperation based on shared moral systems and individual reputations. It assumes that members of a community routinely observe and assess each other and that they use this information to decide who is good or bad, and who deserves cooperation. When information is transmitted pub...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1810565115
更新日期:2018-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular clocks have been used to date the divergence of humans and chimpanzees for nearly four decades. Nonetheless, this date and its confidence interval remain to be firmly established. In an effort to generate a genomic view of the human-chimpanzee divergence, we have analyzed 167 nuclear protein-coding genes and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0509585102
更新日期:2005-12-27 00:00:00
abstract::An invariant substructure that forms two interlocked pairs of neighboring beta-strands occurs in essentially all known sandwich-like proteins. Eight conserved positions in these strands were recently shown to act as structural determinants. To test whether the residues at these invariant positions are conserved for me...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0501038102
更新日期:2005-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::A Mr 35,000 calmodulin-binding protein, which also possesses the ability to interact with a number of cytoskeletal elements, was purified from bovine synaptosomal membranes, using hydroxylapatite and phosphocellulose column chromatography. We call this protein "cytosynalin," which is derived from a combination of the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.7.1916
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A role for Notch in the elaboration of existing neural processes is emerging that is distinct from the increasingly well understood function of this gene in binary cell-fate decisions. Several research groups, by using a variety of organisms, have shown that Notch is important in the development of neural ultrastructu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0308259100
更新日期:2004-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Graphene oxide (GO), the main precursor of graphene-based materials made by solution processing, is known to be very stiff. Indeed, it has a Young's modulus comparable to steel, on the order of 300 GPa. Despite its very high stiffness, we show here that GO is superflexible. We quantitatively measure the GO bending rig...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1605121113
更新日期:2016-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::Calcific aortic valve disease is a chronic inflammatory process, and aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) from diseased aortic valves express greater levels of osteogenic factors in response to proinflammatory stimulation. Here, we report that lower cellular levels of IL-37 in AVICs of diseased human aortic valves ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1619667114
更新日期:2017-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Recent expeditions to the Fayum Depression, Egypt, have made possible the discovery of mandibles and a maxilla of a new genus and species of late Eocene elephant-shrew as well as initial evidence of the upper dentition of the early Oligocene taxon Metoldobotes. These fossils demonstrate that macroscelideans underwent ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.21.9734
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prenatal stress exposure is associated with risk for psychiatric disorders later in life. This may be mediated in part via enhanced exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs), which are known to impact neurogenesis. We aimed to identify molecular mediators of these effects, focusing on long-lasting epigenetic changes. In a hum...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1820842116
更新日期:2020-09-22 00:00:00