Abstract:
:The possibility that the exposure of the embryo to certain chemical substances can lead to behavioral disturbances is known from human epidemiological studies, e.g., in chronic poisoning with mercury and ethanol. Therefore, efforts are made to develop toxicological techniques with which new behavioral teratogens can be recognized. The review describes the most important experimental methods which are presently explored, and which are based on a rich body of knowledge accumulated by experimental psychologists. Most of the tests were developed with small animals, mostly with rats. They range from a rather straightforward determination of various reflexes to complex behavioral situations involving mechanical devices, operant conditioning techniques and procedures evaluating social behavior. In applying these methods in routine toxicology, it is important to remember, that many behavioral effects determined in newborn and adult animals are subtle. Moreover, they are influenced by a large variety of environmental factors affecting the health and the behavior of the mothers and of the offspring in the early and later phases of development. Therefore, the experiments must be conducted under highly standardized conditions and must be controlled rigorously. It is concluded that the best experimental strategy for the evaluation of potential behavioral teratogens is not yet established. Therefore, it would be premature to decide on a fixed protocol to be included in routine animal safety experiments for drugs and other chemical substances.
journal_name
Arch Toxicoljournal_title
Archives of toxicologyauthors
Zbinden Gdoi
10.1007/BF00310480subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-09-01 00:00:00pages
69-88issue
2-3eissn
0340-5761issn
1432-0738journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) caused a dose-dependent increase in urinary taurine which correlated with both the histological and biochemical assessment of liver damage. The peak elevation in urinary taurine occurred within the first 48 h after dosing but there was still significant taurinuria 72 and 96 h after the inte...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01973715
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The peroxisome proliferator class of non-genotoxic rodent hepatocarcinogens cause hepatocyte DNA synthesis, peroxisome proliferation and liver tumours when administered to rats and mice, but fail to induce S-phase or peroxisome proliferation in hepatocytes from other species including guinea-pigs, dogs, and primates i...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040050483
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The uncertainties that surround the methods used for risk assessment of exposure to carcinogens have been highlighted by a recent document advocating an approach based on the T25 dose (the dose giving a 25% incidence of cancer in an appropriately designed animal experiment). This method relies on derivation of the T25...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type:
doi:10.1007/s002040100271
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review, we introduce a new concept, precision toxicology: the mode of action of chemical- or drug-induced toxicity can be sensitively and specifically investigated by isolating a small group of cells or even a single cell with typical phenotype of interest followed by a single cell sequencing-based analysis. P...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00204-017-1971-4
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothesis that methylmercury (MeHg) potently induces formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain is supported by observations on the neuroprotective effects of various classes of antioxidants. Flavonoids have been reported to possess divalent metal chelating properties, antioxidant activities and to r...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-009-0482-3
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of pretreatment with SKF-525A, which inhibits hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, on metabolism and hepatotoxicity was examined in mice orally administered tributyltin chloride (TBTC) or dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC) at a dose of 180 mumol/kg. Analysis of butyltin compounds showed that the main metabolites in l...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040050421
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cats were given vincristine sulfate (50 micrograms/kg i.v. every 4 days) and studied after 7-29 injections when neurological deficits became evident. The conduction velocity spectrum of individual afferent nerves from soleus muscles was shifted toward slower velocities. Relatively few functional muscle spindles or oth...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00319653
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to high-dose benzene leads to the inhibition of erythroid differentiation. However, whether lower doses of benzene exposure resemble high-dose effects in erythroid differentiation, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remains largely unknown. To identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) specifically responsible for be...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-017-2033-7
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study reported that exposure of student embalmers in Cincinnati to high concentrations of formaldehyde (2 mg/m3) reduced the activity of the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Reduction in a DNA repair enzyme may strongly increase the cancer risk not only with respect to the rep...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s002040050581
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responsiveness of the hepatic supernatant NAD+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase with a high Km value (high Km-AldDH) to phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) treatment was studied in male rats of three strains; Wistar, Long-Evans, and Sprague-Dawley. A remarkable strain difference in the response of t...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00333620
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was conducted to determine the functional role of phospholipase D (PLD) involved in testicular Leydig cell damage caused by di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in Sprague-Dawley rats. DEHP (500 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to prepubertal rats for 1, 7, 14, 21 or 28 days. After 7 days of exposure, DEHP ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-010-0618-5
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reversibility of quinolone-induced cartilage lesions has not been studied in detail. We treated five groups of five to seven juvenile Wistar rats (male and female; age: 5 weeks) with 2 x 600 mg ofloxacin/kg by gastric intubation on 1 day only (9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.) and studied the knee joints histologically 3 d...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040050301
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cadmium (Cd), a highly toxic heavy metal, is distributed widely in the general environment of today. The characteristic clinical manifestations of chronic Cd intoxication include renal proximal tubular dysfunction, general osteomalacia with severe pains, and anemia. We have recently reported that the serum level of er...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040050352
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single dose of 10 mg methylmercury chloride per kg body weight was given to 30 days old rats and to adult rats (180-200g)(. This resulted in brain levels of 1.4-2.2 micrograms Hg/g wet weight. In the young rats electron microscopic morphometry showed swelling of the granule cells. The extent of changes was more pron...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00332352
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forty-eight hours after a single dose of 14C-imipramine to rats, 14C-radioactivity could be measured in the following organs: liver greater than kidney greater than serum greater than fat greater than spleen greater than duodenum greater than lung greater than muscle and brain. Liver microsomes contained the main part...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00353357
更新日期:1976-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Female wistar rats, conventional albino mice, and Chinese hamsters were given a single dose of acrylonitrile, 0.5 or 0.75 mM/kg body weight. The elimination in the urine of thiocyanate, which is the main metabolite of acrylonitrile, indicated a decreasing proportion of biotransformation after oral (over 20%), intraper...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00353240
更新日期:1975-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Whether pregnancy-induced immunosuppression when combined with exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD) could exacerbate immunotoxicity has not been previously investigated. The current study evaluated the immune status of C57BL/6 pregnant and virgin mice following exposure to TCDD. To this end, syngene...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-003-0538-8
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphological changes in mitochondria are observed early in the course of acetaminophen (AA)-induced hepatotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed both in vivo and in vitro following exposure to AA. This study examined the early effects of AA exposure in vivo on mitochondrial respiration and evaluate...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040050043
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated i.p. with 0, 0.3 and 0.5 mmole bromobenzene (BB)/kg per day in corn oil, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Thereafter, one half of each of these groups was treated i.p. with a single acute toxic dose of 2.5 mmole BB/kg. Urines were then collected for 24 h and the animals ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02098037
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nine bispyridinium oximes containing two pyridinium rings linked by dimethylether were synthesised. Each compound had on one of the pyridinium rings a hydroxyiminomethyl group in position 2 or 4, while the other ring was unsubstituted or had a methyl or a hydroxyiminomethyl group in position 2 or 4. The reactivating p...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00296900
更新日期:1979-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::The current test systems employed by pharmaceutical industry are poorly predictive for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The 'MIP-DILI' project addresses this situation by the development of innovative preclinical test systems which are both mechanism-based and of physiological, pharmacological and pathological releva...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1845-1
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present experiments were performed to test the possibility of interrupting the enterohepatic circulation of arsenic (As). Therefore the efficacy of adsorbents to bind As and/or As-DMPS adducts in vitro and their effect on the excretion of As into the feces and urine in vivo were investigated after injection of As2...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040050237
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated the atherogenic effects of environmental toxicant arsenic and fluoride. Inflammatory mechanism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of chronic exposure to arsenic and fluoride a...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-012-0803-9
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of culture medium on glutathione (GSH) dependent detoxification defence system of primary cultured hepatocyte from either male or female rats was studied. Intracellular reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and six GSH-related enzyme activities, including GSH peroxidase (GSH Px), GSH reductase (GSH...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040050345
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the influence of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol on the neurotransmitter content in the developing rat brain. Dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and the corresponding metabolites dopac, HVA and HIAA were determined in the corpus striatum of the rat between day 1 and day 21 pn by HPLC with electro-chem...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01973388
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Capillary gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was employed to quantify ethylmorphine in biological fluids and tissues in a death attributed to oral ethylmorphine ingestion. The femoral blood concentration of the drug was 488 ng/ml. Hair analysis revealed the individual's drug abuse pattern, particularly th...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1007/s002040050057
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knowledge about established breast carcinogens can support improved and modernized toxicological testing methods by identifying key mechanistic events. Ionizing radiation (IR) increases the risk of breast cancer, especially for women and for exposure at younger ages, and evidence overall supports a linear dose-respons...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02752-z
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural and synthetic chemicals are often used in the fragrance industry. A toxicological profile of the synthetic fragrance booster, 4-cycloocten-1-carbaldehyde, was generated using a test program including the following methods: acute oral toxicity, acute dermal toxicity, acute skin and eye irritation, skin sensitiz...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-004-0596-6
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice in experimental delay of implantation were injected intravenously with 75 micrograms.g-1 body weight of lead chloride, corresponding to a dose of lead of about 56 micrograms.g-1 body weight. Delay of implantation was obtained by ovariectomy 3 days after mating followed by a depot dose of progesterone every fifth ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02307315
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of our study was to determine the period of maximum sensitivity for the induction of characteristic malformations with thalidomide (TH) in Himalayan rabbits. TH was administered orally in different doses (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg) four times at 24-h intervals starting at 192 h of gestation. The malformations...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00295758
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00