Abstract:
:Administration of gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycyl monomethyl (or monoethyl) ester to mice leads to substantial increases in the levels of glutathione in the liver and kidney. Mice depleted of glutathione by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, a potent inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, exhibited about a 4-fold increase in liver and kidney glutathione levels after administration of glutathione monomethyl ester. This ester also prevented the marked decline in liver glutathione level found after giving mice acetaminophen, and it protected mice from toxicity due to this compound. The findings indicate that the monomethyl and monoethyl esters of glutathione are transported into cells and hydrolyzed to glutathione. Such esters may be useful in experimental work on glutathione metabolism and function and may provide a relatively safe method for protecting cells against damage by toxic compounds, oxygen, and radiation.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Puri RN,Meister Adoi
10.1073/pnas.80.17.5258subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-09-01 00:00:00pages
5258-60issue
17eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
80pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Mice lacking major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens were generated by mating beta 2-microglobulin-deficient, and therefore class I-deficient, animals with MHC class II-deficient animals. When housed under sterile conditions, the resulting MHC-deficient mice appear healthy, survive for many months, and breed s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.9.3913
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historical collapse of ancient states or civilizations has raised new awareness about its possible relevance to current issues of sustainability, in the context of global change. This Special Feature examines 12 case studies of societies under stress, of which seven suffered severe transformation. Outcomes were comple...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1114772109
更新日期:2012-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::Heat shock locus V (HslV; also called ClpQ) is the proteolytic core of the ATP-dependent protease HslVU in Escherichia coli. It has sequence similarity with the beta-type subunits of the eukaryotic and archaebacterial proteasomes. Unlike these particles, which display 72-point symmetry, it is a dimer of hexamers with ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.12.6070
更新日期:1997-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::Several lines of investigation suggest that the nondegradable fluorophores that accumulate as lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells contribute to the etiology of macular degeneration. Despite evidence that much of this fluorescent material may originate as inadvertent products of the retinoid cycle, the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0501266102
更新日期:2005-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::We report on label-free imaging, detection, and mass/size measurement of single viral particles in solution by high-resolution surface plasmon resonance microscopy. Diffraction of propagating plasmon waves along a metal surface by the viral particles creates images of the individual particles, which allow us to detect...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1005264107
更新日期:2010-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::Double immunofluorescent labeling experiments for lysosomes and either microtubules or vimentin intermediate filaments in cultured well-spread fibroblasts show a remarkable degree of superposition of the lysosomes and the microtubules. Under two different sets of conditions where the microtubules and intermediate fila...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.3.788
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epithelial growth factor-like 7 (EGFL7) is a protein that is secreted by endothelial cells and plays an important role in angiogenesis. Although EGFL7 is aberrantly overexpressed in solid tumors, its role in leukemia has not been evaluated. Here, we report that levels of both EGFL7 mRNA and EGFL7 protein are increased...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1703142114
更新日期:2017-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::Left ventricular remodeling that occurs after myocardial infarction (MI) and pressure overload is generally accepted as a determinant of the clinical course of heart failure. The molecular mechanism of this process, however, remains to be elucidated. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a mitogen-activated p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2136717100
更新日期:2003-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding biological and physical processes involving nucleic acids, such as the binding of proteins to DNA and RNA, DNA condensation, and RNA folding, requires an understanding of the ion atmosphere that surrounds nucleic acids. We have used a simple model DNA system to determine how the ion atmosphere modulates ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0404448102
更新日期:2005-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::The nuclear receptor Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter-Transcription Factor II (COUP-TFII) is an important coordinator of glucose homeostasis through its function in different organs such as the endocrine pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. Recently we have demonstrated that COUP-TFII expression in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1219262110
更新日期:2013-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::A central unresolved issue in evolutionary biology is how metabolic innovations emerge. Low-level enzymatic side activities are frequent and can potentially be recruited for new biochemical functions. However, the role of such underground reactions in adaptation toward novel environments has remained largely unknown a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1406102111
更新日期:2014-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::B-1 B cells have been proposed to be preferentially generated from fetal progenitors, but this view is challenged by studies concluding that B-1 production is sustained throughout adult life. To address this controversy, we compared the efficiency with which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and common lymphoid progenit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1107172108
更新日期:2011-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::cDNA clones specific for the light subunit of porcine calpain I have been isolated from a porcine kidney cDNA library. The complete primary structure of the light subunit has been revealed by nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA clones isolated and amino acid sequence analysis of peptides isolated from the purifie...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.18.6075
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The high-affinity (K(m) = 3 x 10(-8) M) transport system for histidine in Salmonella typhimurium has been resolved into three components: J, K, and P. J, which is a histidine-binding protein released by osmotic shock, is specified by the hisJ gene: hisJ mutants lack the binding protein and are defective in histidine t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.66.4.1096
更新日期:1970-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legume hosts and rhizobia, the bacteria are engulfed by a plant cell membrane to become intracellular organelles. In the model legume Medicago truncatula, internalization and differentiation of Sinorhizobium (also known as Ensifer) meliloti is a prerequisite for nitrogen fixati...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1500123112
更新日期:2015-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::The DNA from tumors of Nicotiana glauca initiated by strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes was shown to contain sequences that are homologous to the root-inducing (Ri) plasmid of the bacterium. Two independently established tumor lines contained a similar portion of the Ri-plasmid. The Ri-plasmid also hybridized to DNA ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.10.3193
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum provides growth factors that regulate and limit the growth of normal cells in tissue culture. Animal cells that are malignantly transformed usually exhibit diminished serum requirements for growth in culture. We have used a defined, serum-free medium to determine which of these growth factors becomes dispensable...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.8.3937
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of monoclonal antibodies was used to define three discrete stages of human intrathymic T-cell differentiation. The earliest stage was confined to <10% of thymocytes, which were.reactive with both OKT9 and OKT10. Subsequently, approximately 70% of human thymocytes acquired a thymocyte-restricted antigen, OKT6,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.3.1588
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::After prolonged exposure to ascorbate, collagen synthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts increased approximately 8-fold with no significant change in synthesis of noncollagen protein. This effect of ascorbate appears to be unrelated to its cofactor function in collagen hydroxylation. The collagenous protein secret...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.5.2879
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) recently has been shown to give rise to genetic interference in Caenorhabditis elegans and also is likely to be the basis for phenotypic cosuppression in plants in certain instances. While constructing a plasmid vector for transfection of trypanosome cells, we serendipitously discovered tha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.25.14687
更新日期:1998-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::The decrease with age of the adrenal-secreted dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in serum has suggested that it may be causally related to longevity. For the PAQUID [People (Personnes) Aged (Agées) About What (Quid, in Latin)] cohort of elderly subjects, we have previously reported higher DHEAS in men than in wome...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.121177998
更新日期:2001-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrothermal vents are a well-known source of energy that powers chemosynthesis in the deep sea. Recent work suggests that microbial chemosynthesis is also surprisingly pervasive throughout the dark oceans, serving as a significant CO(2) sink even at sites far removed from vents. Ammonia and sulfur have been identifie...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1215340110
更新日期:2013-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Accurately estimating human mobility and gauging its relationship with virus transmission is critical for the control of COVID-19 spreading. Using mobile device location data of over 100 million monthly active samples, we compute origin-destination travel demand and aggregate mobility inflow at each US county from Mar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2010836117
更新日期:2020-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::Viral shells are self-assembled protein nanocontainers with remarkable material properties. They combine simplicity of construction with toughness and complex functionality. These properties make them interesting for bionanotechnology. To date we know little about how virus structure determines assembly pathways and s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1105586108
更新日期:2011-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::The cingulate gyri in 37 subjects with and without early dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) were studied by using MRI at 1.0 mm3 isotropic resolution. Groups were segregated into young controls (n = 10), age-matched normal controls (n = 10), very mild DAT (n = 8), and mild DAT (n = 9). By using automated Bayesian se...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2136624100
更新日期:2003-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments reported here show that some UV-irradiated wild-type T7 phage markers can be rescued efficiently by coinfection with T7 amber mutant phage in a permissive host. Other results show that the segments of a UV-irradiated genome that replicate efficiently are those that also are rescued efficiently during a mar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.12.6144
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::IFN-alpha/beta plays an essential role in innate immunity against viral and bacterial infection. Among the proteins induced by IFN-alpha/beta are the ubiquitin-like ISG15 protein and its E1- (Ube1L) and E2- (UbcH8) conjugating enzymes, leading to the conjugation of ISG15 to cellular proteins. It is likely that ISG15 c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0504754102
更新日期:2005-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::The mode of action of "allogeneic supernatant" (the culture supernatant of a 24-hr mixedlymphocyte reaction), has been studied. This factor stimulates the response of spleen cell cultures depleted in thymus-derived lymphoid cells (T-cells) to antigens that elicit a thymus-dependent response. We used a limiting dilutio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.2.512
更新日期:1974-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Necessary conditions are derived for a spherical vortex in a perfect fluid to be stationary in the case when the velocities depend on a single surface harmonic. The motion is indeterminate unless an additional condition is imposed. In the case when this condition is incompressibility, the equations are solved, yieldin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.9.2460
更新日期:1972-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::I describe some recent observations of large-scale structure in the galaxy distribution. The best constraints come from two-dimensional galaxy surveys and studies of angular correlation functions. Results from galaxy redshift surveys are much less precise but are consistent with the angular correlations, provided the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.11.4859
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00