Network-level architecture and the evolutionary potential of underground metabolism.

abstract：:We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the spontaneous clustering of solitons in partially coherent wavefronts during the final stages of pattern formation initiated by modulation instability and noise. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen Z,Sears SM,Martin H,Christodoulides DN,Segev M

更新日期：2002-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbachol, an activator of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of NG108-15 hybrid cells, inhibits adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] rapidly and reversibly and slowly evokes a 200-300% increase in adenylate cyclase activity over a period of 24-30 hr. Both the inhibition of adenylate cyc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nathanson NM,Klein WL,Nirenberg M

更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We demonstrate the application of molecular rotational spectroscopy to measure the conformation isomerization rate of vibrationally excited pent-1-en-4-yne (pentenyne). The rotational spectra of single quantum states of pentenyne are acquired by using a combination of IR-Fourier transform microwave double-resonance sp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dian BC,Brown GG,Douglass KO,Rees FS,Johns JE,Nair P,Suenram RD,Pate BH

更新日期：2008-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Three classes of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (HnRNA) alpha, beta, and gamma, with different chemical and physical properties, can be identified in the early sea urchin embryo by hybridization with poly(U). The relative amounts of these classes vary as a function of embryonic development. It is demonstrated here that the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dubroff LM

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Classification within the genus Pistacia has been based on leaf morphology and geographical distribution. Molecular genetic tools (PCR amplification followed by restriction analysis of a 3.2-kb region of variable chloroplast DNA, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the Pistacia cpDNA with tobacco ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parfitt DE,Badenes ML

更新日期：1997-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) has been hypothesized to function as an intercellular shuttle in the vertebrate eye, serving to transport retinoids between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors in the process by which visual pigment is regenerated after photolysis. This hypothesis ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okajima TI,Pepperberg DR,Ripps H,Wiggert B,Chader GJ

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Different splice variants of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-32 are found in various tissues; their putative differences in biological function remain unknown. In the present study, we report that IL-32γ is the most active isoform of the cytokine. Splicing to one less active IL-32β appears to be a salvage mechanism to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heinhuis B,Koenders MI,van de Loo FA,Netea MG,van den Berg WB,Joosten LA

更新日期：2011-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Transient expression of either alpha or alpha + beta subunits of the high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (maxi-K) channel has been achieved in COS-1 cells. Expression has been studied using charybdotoxin (ChTX), a peptidyl inhibitor that binds in the pore on the alpha subunit. Although some properties of monoiodotyrosi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hanner M,Schmalhofer WA,Munujos P,Knaus HG,Kaczorowski GJ,Garcia ML

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding Hadean (>4 Ga) Earth requires knowledge of its crust. The composition of the crust and volatiles migrating through it directly influence the makeup of the atmosphere, the composition of seawater, and nutrient availability. Despite its importance, there is little known and less agreed upon regarding the n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boehnke P,Bell EA,Stephan T,Trappitsch R,Keller CB,Pardo OS,Davis AM,Harrison TM,Pellin MJ

更新日期：2018-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the pharmacologic and neurotoxic properties of 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine [topa; the 6-hydroxylated derivative of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa)] in central neurons. Application of solutions of topa to the chicken eyecup preparation results in glutamatergic responses mediated predominantly b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rosenberg PA,Loring R,Xie Y,Zaleskas V,Aizenman E

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A cDNA for parafusin, an evolutionarily conserved phosphoglycoprotein involved in exocytosis, has been cloned and sequenced from a unicellular eukaryote, Paramecium tetraurelia. A Paramecium cDNA library was screened with an oligonucleotide probe synthesized to an internal amino acid sequence of isolated parafusin. Th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Subramanian SV,Wyroba E,Andersen AP,Satir BH

更新日期：1994-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Cooperation via production of common goods is found in diverse life forms ranging from viruses to social animals. However, natural selection predicts a "tragedy of the commons": Cheaters, benefiting from without producing costly common goods, are more fit than cooperators and should destroy cooperation. In an attempt ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Waite AJ,Shou W

更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a disorder in which accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in the liver can lead to inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Previously, we identified a variant (I148M) in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) that is strongly associated with FLD, but the mechanistic b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： BasuRay S,Wang Y,Smagris E,Cohen JC,Hobbs HH

更新日期：2019-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhesus monkeys were immunized by multiple inoculations with purified, disrupted, noninfectious simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in adjuvant. Immunized monkeys developed anti-SIV antibodies detectable by whole-virus ELISA and by immunoblot reactivity; these antibodies had weak neutralizing activity. One week after t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Desrosiers RC,Wyand MS,Kodama T,Ringler DJ,Arthur LO,Sehgal PK,Letvin NL,King NW,Daniel MD

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epigenetic markers, such as histone acetylation and DNA methylation, determine chromatin organization. In eukaryotic cells, metabolites from organelles or the cytosol affect epigenetic modifications. However, the relationships between metabolites and epigenetic modifications are not well understood in plants. We found...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang L,Wang C,Liu X,Cheng J,Li S,Zhu JK,Gong Z

更新日期：2019-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding protein-protein interactions is central to our understanding of almost all complex biological processes. Computational tools exploiting rapidly growing genomic databases to characterize protein-protein interactions are urgently needed. Such methods should connect multiple scales from evolutionary conserv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gueudré T,Baldassi C,Zamparo M,Weigt M,Pagnani A

更新日期：2016-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:In the primary visual cortex (V1) of many mammalian species, neurons are spatially organized according to their preferred orientation into a highly ordered map. However, whether and how the various presynaptic inputs to V1 neurons are organized relative to the neuronal orientation map remain unclear. To address this i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang QF,Li H,Chen M,Guo A,Wen Y,Poo MM

更新日期：2018-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:We have designed three zinc-finger proteins with different DNA binding specificities. The design strategy combines a consensus zinc-finger framework sequence with previously characterized recognition regions such that the specificity of each protein is predictable. The first protein consists of three identical zinc fi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Desjarlais JR,Berg JM

更新日期：1993-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell couples have been formed by mixing an antigen- and Ia-specific cloned helper T-cell line with a B-cell hybridoma presenting the antigen. By immunofluorescence observations, we have shown that the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) inside the helper T cell, but not in the bound antigen-presenting cell, becomes o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kupfer A,Swain SL,Janeway CA Jr,Singer SJ

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A study has been made of Cauchy's problem for a class of abstract parabolic differential equations. Our study is based upon a transformation that maps solutions of second-order abstract Cauchy problems into solutions of first-order. This is a preliminary report on some of the results obtained. These results include (1...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Donaldson JA

更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The activated human Ha-ras oncogene was subjected to the control of the promoter region of the murine whey acidic protein (Wap) gene, which is expressed in mammary epithelial cells in response to lactogenic hormones. The Wap-ras gene was stably introduced into the mouse germ line of five transgenic mice (one male and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Andres AC,Schönenberger CA,Groner B,Hennighausen L,LeMeur M,Gerlinger P

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In higher eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are essential subcellular organelles for energy production, cell signaling, and the biosynthesis of biomolecules. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome is indispensable for mitochondrial function because it encodes protein subunits of the electron transport chain and a full set ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu W,Boyd RM,Tree MO,Samkari F,Zhao L

更新日期：2019-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The complexity and specificity of metazoan transcription are determined by combinatorial control of the composition and activity of regulatory complexes. To investigate the basis of this specificity, we focused on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a single regulatory factor that integrates multiple signals to give ris...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen SH,Masuno K,Cooper SB,Yamamoto KR

更新日期：2013-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in BRCA1 are present in 45% of families that segregate with susceptibility for breast cancer and in 80-90% of families with both breast and ovarian cancer. Here we report that BRCA1 stimulates artificial and genomic promoter constructs containing p53-responsive elements. This activity of BRCA1 depends on the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ouchi T,Monteiro AN,August A,Aaronson SA,Hanafusa H

更新日期：1998-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Degassing of planetary interiors through surface volcanism plays an important role in the evolution of planetary bodies and atmospheres. On Earth, carbon dioxide and water are the primary volatile species in magmas. However, little is known about the speciation and degassing of carbon in magmas formed on other planets...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wetzel DT,Rutherford MJ,Jacobsen SD,Hauri EH,Saal AE

更新日期：2013-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Tunas are migratory fishes in offshore habitats and top predators with unique features. Despite their ecological importance and high market values, the open-ocean lifestyle of tuna, in which effective sensing systems such as color vision are required for capture of prey, has been poorly understood. To elucidate the ge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakamura Y,Mori K,Saitoh K,Oshima K,Mekuchi M,Sugaya T,Shigenobu Y,Ojima N,Muta S,Fujiwara A,Yasuike M,Oohara I,Hirakawa H,Chowdhury VS,Kobayashi T,Nakajima K,Sano M,Wada T,Tashiro K,Ikeo K,Hattori M,Kuhara S,

更新日期：2013-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Pure water in a highly (1)H spin-polarized state is proposed as a contrast-agent-free contrast agent to visualize its macroscopic evolution in aqueous media by MRI. Remotely enhanced liquids for image contrast (RELIC) utilizes a (1)H signal of water that is enhanced outside the sample in continuous-flow mode and immed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McCarney ER,Armstrong BD,Lingwood MD,Han S

更新日期：2007-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular beacons are DNA probes that form a stem-and-loop structure and possess an internally quenched fluorophore. When they bind to complementary nucleic acids, they undergo a conformational transition that switches on their fluorescence. These probes recognize their targets with higher specificity than probes that...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bonnet G,Tyagi S,Libchaber A,Kramer FR

更新日期：1999-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Two chlorophyll-protein complexes associated with photosystem II (PSII) of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2 have been detected. The larger of the two complexes, CPVI-1, contained a 71-kDa and a 42-kDa protein. The 71-kDa protein was determined to be the anchor protein of the phycobilisomes (the light-harvestin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pakrasi HB,Riethman HC,Sherman LA

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bt toxins derived from the arthropod bacterial pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis are widely used for insect control as insecticides or in transgenic crops. Bt resistance has been found in field populations of several lepidopteran pests and in laboratory strains selected with Bt toxin. Widespread planting of crops expres...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Atsumi S,Miyamoto K,Yamamoto K,Narukawa J,Kawai S,Sezutsu H,Kobayashi I,Uchino K,Tamura T,Mita K,Kadono-Okuda K,Wada S,Kanda K,Goldsmith MR,Noda H

更新日期：2012-06-19 00:00:00