Abstract:
:The purpose of this study was to assess the respiratory and tonic activity of the abdominal muscles and the postinspiratory activity of the diaphragm (stage 1 expiration) in rats during sleep while they breathed air, hypercapnic, and hypoxic gas mixtures. ECoG and neck EMG recordings enabled the differentiation to be made between nonrapid eye movement sleep (nREMS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). EMGs of the rectus abdominis, internal and external oblique, and diaphragm muscles were displayed on a CRT and polygraph. During nREMS the rectus abdominis showed no respiratory activity, whereas the oblique muscles showed activity confined to stage 2 expiration. This activity was modulated by proprioceptive (sleep postures) and chemoreceptive activation (5% CO2 in air and 10-12% O2 in nitrogen): tonic activity was not consistently affected by such inputs. During REMS tonic activity disappeared, whereas phasic activity either remained unchanged or was abolished. If phasic activity ceased it could reappear periodically during the same REMS epoch. While breathing air, rats in nREMS showed postinspiratory diaphragmatic activity which was sustained or slightly increased while breathing a hypoxic gas mixture but was virtually abolished during hypercapnia. In REMS postinspiratory discharges almost disappeared. The data support the conclusion that the diaphragm provides expiratory braking and that the external and internal oblique muscles contribute to active exhalation during nREMS as well as priming the diaphragm for the next inspiration by improving its length-tension relationship. A three-phase neural respiratory pattern generator operates in nREMS: it changes temporarily to a two-phase system while breathing CO2 and during REMS due to the inhibition of the postinspiratory phase.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Sherrey JH,Pollard MJ,Megirian Ddoi
10.1016/0014-4886(88)90064-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-07-01 00:00:00pages
50-62issue
1eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430pii
0014-4886(88)90064-7journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Injection of lysosomal enzyme into cisternal or ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been carried out in 11 lysosomal storage disorder models, with each study demonstrating reductions in primary substrate and secondary neuropathological changes, and several reports of improved neurological function. Whilst acute ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.09.008
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the previous paper it was demonstrated that striatal dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptor subtypes and muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor subtypes show differing responses to lesions of the mesostriatal DA system. To examine this differential regulation further rats were given unilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-O...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(91)90017-7
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the pharmacological basis for the suppression of the masseteric (jaw-closer) reflex which occurs during the behavioral state of active sleep. Accordingly, the masseteric reflex was recorded in intact, unanesthetized, normally respiring cats during naturally occurring states of wakefulness and active sleep....
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of 5-HT2 and opioid receptors in pudendal inhibition of bladder activity induced by intravesical infusion of saline or 0.25% acetic acid (AA) was investigated in anesthetized cats using methysergide (a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist) and naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist). AA irritated the bladder and signif...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.05.006
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tachykinin neuropeptides acting at NK3 receptors affect mean arterial pressure (MAP) through both neuroendocrine and neural mechanisms. NK3 receptors are found in brainstem nuclei that mediate the baroreflex, but the effects of NK3 receptor stimulation on baroreflex function are unknown. The present study tests th...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.12.011
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal apoptosis is a central pathological process in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced early brain injury. Previous studies indicated that ErbB4 (EGFR family member v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4) is essential for normal development and maintenance of the nervous system. In this...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.07.014
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1993.1187
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.04.023
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial dysfunction and pathology that contribute to a host of neurodegenerative diseases are deduced from changes in ultrastructure, routinely examined by a host of optical techniques. We adapted the technique of photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) to evaluate calcium-induced structural alterations in isolate...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.10.002
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.11.002
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4886(03)00087-6
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Golgi and computer morphometric analysis of neuronal dendrites was done on four cases, one each of Tay-Sachs disease, infantile type 2 sialidosis, Hurler's syndrome, and Sanfilippo's syndrome. There were large meganeurites on pyramidal neurons in Tay-Sachs disease, and small ones in Hurler's and Sanfilippo's syndromes...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(85)90078-0
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. Autosomal-recessive mutations in the mitochondrial protein kinase PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1) account for 1-2% of the hereditary early-onset cases. To study the mechanisms underlying disease development, we generated Pink1-deficient mic...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.01.002
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken as part of the NIH "Facilities of Research-Spinal Cord Injury" project to support independent replication of published studies. Here, we repeated a study reporting that a combinatorial treatment with transplants of Schwann cells, systemic delivery of Rolipram to enhance cyclic AMP levels, and...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.12.020
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive synaptogenesis and terminal proliferation are known to occur in the dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus following removal of specific afferents. In the present study we have examined the relation of synaptophysin immunoreactivity to the immunohistochemical staining pattern of GAP-43, a putative marker of neu...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(91)90169-d
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is difficult to assess cerebral function in comatose patients. Because earlier functional neuroimaging studies demonstrate associations between cerebral metabolism and levels of consciousness, fMRI in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest could provide further insight into cerebral function during coma. Using fMRI, ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.011
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are unique glia that support axon outgrowth in the olfactory system, and when used as cellular therapy after spinal cord injury, improve recovery and axon regeneration. Here we assessed the effects of combining OEC transplantation with another promising therapy, epidural electrical s...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.015
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 34.2kDa glycosylated protein with three isoforms (apoE2, apoE3 and apoE4). Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), an animal model for human Guillain-Barré syndrome, is an immune-mediated experimental disorder of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Increased susceptibility to EAN in...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.04.016
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is poorly understood and treatment remains difficult. We have previously reported that TTX-resistant (TTX-R) sodium channels in colon-specific dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were sensitized and the expression of the endogenous hydrogen sulfide pr...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.06.027
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Progesterone and its metabolite, allopregnanolone, are neurosteroids that are present at high concentrations in fetal brains that decrease right after birth. Allopregnanolone is a potent positive modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A)) receptor function. We examined the effect of exogenous administration of these...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.004
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracranial collaterals provide residual blood flow to penumbral tissue in acute ischemic stroke and contribute to infarct size variability in humans. In the present study, hemodynamic monitoring of the borderzone territory between the leptomeningeal branches of middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery was...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.006
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity has been reported in ischemic brains and usually attributed to the inducible isoform, iNOS. Because calcium-independent mechanisms have recently been shown to regulate the constitutive calcium-dependent NOS, we proposed to confirm the presence of iNOS activity i...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.05.001
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Damage to the fimbria-fornix, and separately to the perforant path, leads to distinct and dramatic time-dependent increases in glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity (GFAP-IR) in specific areas of the hippocampal formation. Specifically, fimbria-fornix lesions resulted in an increase in the GFAP-IR in the py...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(88)90073-8
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transplantation of genetically engineered cells can provide sustained focal delivery of naturally occurring molecules, including neurotransmitters and growth factors. We have engineered immortalized mouse cortical neurons and glia to deliver GABA by driving GAD(65) expression. Engineered cell lines showed GAD(65) mRNA...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7305
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRs) are powerful regulators of CNS development and diseases. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) miRs have recently been implicated as potential new sources for biomarker development. Previously we showed that miR-124-3p, an essential miR for neuronal identity, is highly abundant in neuronal exosomes and...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113414
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Convection-enhanced delivery has recently entered the clinic and represents a promising new therapeutic option in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and treatment of brain tumors. Understanding of the principles governing delivery and flow of macromolecules within the CNS is still poorly understood and requires m...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.07.009
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether or not brain damage is likely to occur in the repeated apneic episodes experienced by some alcoholics during intoxicated sleep, rats were anesthetized with alcohol and subjected to repeated episodes to asphyxia. Each episode lasted 90 s, arterial PO2 was less than 50 mm Hg for 60 s, and 30 episode...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(84)90017-7
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.007
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective spread of stimulating current from macroelectrodes was measured using antidromic responses of axons of the pyramidal tract as an indicator of excitation. Both monopolar and concentric bipolar electrode configurations were tested with stimulating distances as large as 7mm. The effective stimulation distance w...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(86)90126-3
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An electron microscopic investigation of neuromuscular synapses of the tensor fasciae latae muscle in juvenile mice was carried out to determine the relationship between the presynaptic (nerve terminal) and postsynaptic (end-plate plaque) elements during the major phase of postnatal growth. In the first month of life ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(87)90065-3
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00