Abstract：
:With a global incidence of 1.8 million cases, colorectal cancer represents one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite impressive improvements in treatment efficacy through cytotoxic and biological agents, the cancer-related death burden of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is still high. mCRC is not a genetically homogenous disease and various mutations influence disease development. Up to 12% of mCRC patients harbor mutations of the signal transduction molecule BRAF, the most prominent being BRAFV600E. In mCRC, BRAFV600E mutation is a well-known negative prognostic factor, and is associated with a dismal prognosis. The currently approved treatments for BRAF-mutated mCRC patients are of little impact, and there is no treatment option superior to others. However, the gradual molecular understanding over the last decades of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, resulted in the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting the involved molecules. Recently published and ongoing studies administering a combination of different inhibitors (e.g., BRAF, MEK, and EGFR) showed promising results and represent the new standard of care. In this review, we present, both, the molecular and clinical aspects of BRAF-mutated mCRC patients, and provide an update on the current and future treatment approaches that might direct the therapy of mCRC in a new era.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Djanani A,Eller S,Öfner D,Troppmair J,Maglione Mdoi
10.3390/ijms21239001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-26 00:00:00issue
23issn
1422-0067pii
ijms21239001journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Background: Gastric glands grow and cells reach differentiation at weaning in rats. By considering that early weaning (EW) can affect the timing of development, we aimed to compare molecular and cellular markers of differentiation in pups and adults. Methods: Wistar rats were separated into suckling-control (S) and EW...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21010196
更新日期：2019-12-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Follicular fluid (FF) accumulates in the antrum of the ovarian follicle and provides the microenvironment for oocyte development. FF plays an important role in follicle growth and oocyte maturation. The FF provides a unique window to investigate the processes occurring during buffalo follicular development. The observ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17050618
更新日期：2016-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has a poor prognosis, in part due to poor therapeutic response and limited therapeutic alternatives. Lichens are symbiotic organisms, producing a variety of substances with multiple biological activities. (+)-Usnic acid, an important biologically active metabolite of lichens, has be...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21030876
更新日期：2020-01-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease, and is pathologically characterized by formation of intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies, the major constituent of which is aggregated α-synuclein (αS). Currently, neither a mechanistic etiology no...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21082849
更新日期：2020-04-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Ovarian follicle steroidogenesis associated with embryo quality results in a successful pregnancy. Each follicle consists of an oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells, which secrete several steroid and peptide hormones. Follicles harvested from women who conceived after assisted reproductive therapy (ART) had significan...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21103592
更新日期：2020-05-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Operating at multiple levels of control, mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (ADSCs) communicate with organ systems to adjust immune response, provide signals for differentiation, migration, enzymatic reactions, and to equilibrate the regenerative demands of balanced tissue homeostasis. The identification of th...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18010208
更新日期：2017-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：:A new aromaticity definition is advanced as the compactness formulation through the ratio between atoms-in-molecule and orbital molecular facets of the same chemical reactivity property around the pre- and post-bonding stabilization limit, respectively. Geometrical reactivity index of polarizability was assumed as pro...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms11041269
更新日期：2010-03-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperuricemia, or elevated serum urate, causes urate kidney stones and gout and also increases the incidence of many other conditions including renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. As we gain mechanistic insight into how urate contributes to human disease, a clear sex difference has emerged i...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21124269
更新日期：2020-06-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The bovine immune system is known for its unusual traits relating to immunoglobulin and antiviral responses. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are phylogenetically conserved enzymes that cause post-translational deimination, contributing to protein moonlighting in health and disease. PADs also regulate extracellular ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21082861
更新日期：2020-04-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The wide employment of iron nanoparticles in environmental and occupational settings underlines their potential to enter the brain. Human cell-based systems are recommended as relevant models to reduce uncertainty and to improve prediction of human toxicity. This study aimed at demonstrating the in vitro differentiati...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21010271
更新日期：2019-12-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The recombinant baculovirus has been widely used as an efficient tool to mediate gene delivery into mammalian cells but has barely been used in fish cells. In the present study, we constructed a recombinant baculovirus containing the dual-promoter cytomegalovirus (CMV) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) immediate-ea...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19123767
更新日期：2018-11-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite recent progresses in its treatment, malignant cutaneous melanoma remains a cancer with very poor prognosis. Emerging evidences suggest that the receptor for advance glycation end products (RAGE) plays a key role in melanoma progression through its activation in both cancer and stromal cells. In tumors, RAGE ac...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21238989
更新日期：2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogeneous groups of innate immune cells, which orchestrate immune responses by presenting antigens to cognate T cells and stimulating other types of immune cells. Although the term 'DCs' generally represent highly mixed subsets with functional heterogeneity, the classical definition of DC...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19010042
更新日期：2017-12-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult neurogenesis, involving the generation of functional neurons from adult neural stem cells (NSCs), occurs constitutively in discrete brain regions such as hippocampus, sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) and hypothalamus. The intrinsic structural plasticity of the neurogenic process allows the adult brain to face the cont...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21228819
更新日期：2020-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Essential oils (EOs) have attracted considerable interest in the past few years, with increasing evidence of their antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and insecticidal effects. However, as they are highly volatile, the administration of EOs to achieve the desired effects is challenging. Therefore, nanotechnology-bas...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21197355
更新日期：2020-10-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein arginine deimination leading to the non-coded amino acid citrulline remains a key question in the field of post-translational modifications ever since its discovery by Rogers and Simmonds in 1958. Citrullination is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADIs). Initially, increas...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21041351
更新日期：2020-02-17 00:00:00
abstract：:In cancer drug discovery, it is important to investigate the genetic determinants of response or resistance to cancer therapy as well as factors that contribute to adverse events in the course of clinical trials. Despite the emergence of new technologies and the ability to measure more diverse analytes (e.g., circulat...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17091579
更新日期：2016-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play various stress-protective roles in plants. In this study, three HSP genes were isolated from a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library of Ginkgo biloba leaves treated with cold stress. Based on the molecular weight, the three genes were designated GbHSP16.8, GbHSP17 and...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms13055768
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is a >200-nt lncRNA molecule that regulates several cellular functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, across different types of human cancers. Here, we reviewed the current literature on the expression of GAS5 in leukemia, cervical, breast, ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21207633
更新日期：2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:PCSK9 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) increases plasma cholesterol levels by promoting LDL receptor degradation. Current antibody inhibitors block the interaction between PCSK9 and LDL receptors, significantly decrease plasma cholesterol levels, and provide beneficial clinical outcomes. To reduce the a...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19020640
更新日期：2018-02-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Buckwheat is an important functional food material with high nutritional value. However, it is still a difficult task for the taxonomy studies of wild buckwheat that are only based on morphology. In order to demonstrate the most efficient DNA barcode in the phylogenetic research of buckwheat, promote the investigation...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20143455
更新日期：2019-07-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of siRNAs as the mediators of RNA interference has led to an increasing interest in their therapeutic applications. Chemical modifications are introduced into siRNAs to optimize the potency, the stability and the pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. Here, we synthesize and test the effects of RNA-3'-PNA c...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms9030299
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone transplants are used to treat fractures and increase new tissue development in bone tissue engineering. Grafting of massive implantations showing slow curing rate and results in cell death for poor vascularization. The potentials of biocomposite scaffolds to mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) and including new biom...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17081222
更新日期：2016-07-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about the interactions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and overweight/obesity on blood pressure levels. The present study was undertaken to detect 10 lipid-related gene SNPs and their interactions with overweight/obesity on blood pressure levels. Genotyping of ATP-binding cassette transporter...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.3390/ijms130912062
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main objective of this study is to explore the influence of ion composition on the trans-membrane potential across the ion exchange membrane (IEM), and thus offers a reference for the deep insight of "reverse electrodialysis heat engine" running in the composite systems. In comparison to the natural system (river ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20235860
更新日期：2019-11-22 00:00:00
abstract：:A bstract: Quorum sensing (QS) enables single-celled bacteria to communicate with chemical signals in order to synchronize group-level bacterial behavior. Pseudoalteromonas are marine bacteria found in versatile environments, of which QS regulation for their habitat adaptation is extremely fragmentary. To distinguish ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19113636
更新日期：2018-11-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The ocular surface has the challenging responsibility of maintaining a clear moist refractive surface while protecting the eye from exogenous pathogens and the environment. Homeostasis of the ocular surface, including its innate immune components, is altered in ocular surface disease states. In this review, we focus o...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms22020721
更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays an important role in supporting proliferation, survival and drug resistance of Multiple Myeloma (MM) cells. MM cells adhere to bone marrow stromal cells leading to the activation of tumour-promoting signaling pathways. Activation of the NFκB pathway, in particular, is centra...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20030702
更新日期：2019-02-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of a molecule could be improved by the substitution of an oxygen atom in a molecule with selenium. We synthesized selenoflavanones and flavanones to evaluate their neuroprotective effects. The selenoflavanones showed improved physicochemical properties, suggestiv...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms161226188
更新日期：2015-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Procyanidins are a family of plant metabolites that have been suggested to mitigate osteoarthritis pathogenesis in mice. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. This study aimed to determine whether procyanidins mitigate traumatic injury-induced osteoarthritis (OA) disease progression, and whether procya...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17122065
更新日期：2016-12-09 00:00:00
