Abstract：
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In this report, we review the need for point-of-care (POC) or near real-time testing for antiretrovirals, progress in the field, evidence for guiding implementation of these tests globally, and future directions in objective antiretroviral therapy (ART) or pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence monitoring. RECENT FINDINGS:Two cornerstones to end the HIV/AIDS pandemic are ART, which provides individual clinical benefits and eliminates forward transmission, and PrEP, which prevents HIV acquisition with high effectiveness. Maximizing the individual and public health benefits of these powerful biomedical tools requires high and sustained antiretroviral adherence. Routine monitoring of medication adherence in individuals receiving ART and PrEP may be an important component in interpreting outcomes and supporting optimal adherence. Existing practices and subjective metrics for adherence monitoring are often inaccurate or unreliable and, therefore, are generally ineffective for improving adherence. Laboratory measures of antiretroviral concentrations using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry have been utilized in research settings to assess medication adherence, although these are too costly and resource-intensive for routine use. Newer, less costly technologies such as antibody-based methods can provide objective drug-level measurement and may allow for POC or near-patient adherence monitoring in clinical settings. When coupled with timely and targeted counseling, POC drug-level measures can support adherence clinic-based interventions to ART or PrEP in near real time.
journal_name
Curr HIV/AIDS Repjournal_title
Current HIV/AIDS reportsauthors
Drain PK,Bardon AR,Simoni JM,Cressey TR,Anderson P,Sevenler D,Olanrewaju AO,Gandhi M,Celum Cdoi
10.1007/s11904-020-00512-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-10-01 00:00:00pages
487-498issue
5eissn
1548-3568issn
1548-3576pii
10.1007/s11904-020-00512-3journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Combined antiretroviral therapy (CART) has turned HIV-infection to a treatable chronic disease during which many patients survive to middle and older age. However, they prematurely develop non-AIDS comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-016-0339-3
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite impressive decreases in mortality and morbidity, significant adverse events have surfaced as a result of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). They include lipoatrophy, or subcutaneous fat wasting of the face, arms, buttocks, or legs, which can be associated with central fat accumulation. Although the unde...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-008-0010-8
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Self-reports are the most widely used method for measuring antiretroviral adherence. The association between self-reports and viral loads has been repeatedly demonstrated, but this association does not address how well self-reports measure actual medication-taking behaviors. Understanding adherence self-reports requir...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11904-009-0024-x
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T-cell activation has long been considered a central mediator of HIV pathogenesis. High T-cell activation levels predict more rapid disease progression in untreated patients and decreased treatment-mediated CD4+ T-cell gains during antiretroviral therapy, independent of plasma HIV RNA levels, and may be the primary fe...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-007-0007-8
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurocognitive compromise, a common sequela of HIV infection, ranges in severity from minor motor and information-processing speed decrements to severely incapacitating symptoms that affect functional independence. However, with the emergence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), neurocognitive phenotypes h...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-008-0029-x
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased access to testing and treatment means HIV can be managed as a chronic illness, though successful management requires continued engagement with the health care system. Most of the global HIV burden is in sub-Saharan Africa where rates of new infections are consistently higher in women versus men. Pregnancy is...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:The purpose of this meta-analytic study is to summarize the current science concerning the (a) prevalence of alcohol use, (b) prevalence of sexual risk behaviors, and (c) association between alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors among people livingwithHIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Studies were included if they sampled PLWHA, eval...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-013-0177-5
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use are associated with perturbations in glucose and lipid metabolism. Increasing incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity highlights the need for early identification and treatment of metabolic dysfunction. Newer ART regimens are less toxic for cellular...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-016-0330-z
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several all-oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) combination therapies including two fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) have been recently licensed for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection. Results of pivotal trials with these new compounds are now also available in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HC...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-015-0278-4
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abstract：:Vaccine recommendations for those with HIV require continual updating as additional research becomes available. Timing of vaccinations among HIV-infected individuals is a key area of uncertainty. This is particularly true for those who may soon initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) because immune recon...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The first association between HIV-1 infection and kidney disease was made in 1984 and much has been learned over the past 20 years. In recent years, more effective therapies for HIV-1 infection and its associated opportunistic infections have led to improved patient survival. However, with prolonged survival, morbidit...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-004-0016-9
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The HIV pandemic has disproportionately impacted sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Africa in particular. The concurrent presence of overlapping epidemic drivers likely underpins how and why the HIV epidemic is so explosive in this region, with implications for understanding approaches to reduce transmission. In this rev...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-016-0314-z
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Substance users are at elevated risk for HIV. HIV researchers, particularly at the intersection of HIV and substance use, have requested new methods to better understand and address this important area. New technologies, such as social media and mobile applications, are increasingly being used as research tools in stu...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-012-0132-x
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sustained retention represents an enduring and evolving challenge to HIV treatment programs in Africa. We present a theoretical framework for sustained retention borrowing from ecologic principles of sustainability and dynamic adaptation. We posit that sustained retention from the patient perspective is dependent on t...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-016-0317-9
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation criteria from published national guidelines for 94 countries (representing 86 % of global HIV burden) and compares them with the 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) ART guidelines. As of 31st of July 2014, 19 countries have adopted the WHO-recommended C...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-014-0230-z
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Neurological conditions associated with HIV/AIDS including central nervous system (CNS), opportunistic infections (OI), chronic conditions including HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral escape remain major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. CNS in...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-020-00514-1
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injecting drug use is a common mode of transmission among persons with HIV/AIDS. Many HIV-infected patients meet diagnostic criteria for opioid dependence, a chronic and relapsing brain disorder. Most HIV providers, however, receive little training in substance use disorders. Opioid agonist therapy (OAT) has a stabili...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-006-0016-z
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipodystrophy and its two components lipo-accumulation and lipoatropy are very common among individuals with HIV infection on treatment, especially among those who started therapy in the late 1990s and early 2000s. This review discusses the current management of these complications of HIV and its treatment. For the pu...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-007-0013-x
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk for infection with and poor outcomes from HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Well-established interventions for HIV/HCV prevention among PWID include syringe access, opioid agonist maintenance treatment, and supervised injection facilities, yet these interventions remain ...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-014-0248-2
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk for most types of cancer, including those typically classified as non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs). This increased risk is likely multifactorial, but a prominent risk factor for the increased rate of some cancers is co-infection with oncogenic viruses. Anal cancer, hepat...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-015-0276-6
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The course of HIV research has led to a multitude of interventions to prevent and treat HIV. With the arrival of more effective interventions comes the need to end, or de-implement, less effective interventions. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To describe the state of de-implementation research in HIV and provide a rationale for e...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:Due to the rapid expansion of first-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings (RLS), increasing numbers of people are living with HIV for prolonged periods of time. Treatment programs must now decide how to balance monitoring costs necessary to maximize health benefits for those already on treatment wit...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-010-0046-4
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Female sex workers (FSWs) continue to represent a high-risk population in need of targeted HIV prevention interventions. Targeting environmental risk factors should result in more sustainable behavior change than individual-level interventions alone. There are many types of FSWs who operate in and through a variety of...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-012-0142-8
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:End-stage organ disease prevalence is increasing among HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals. Trial and registry data confirm that solid organ transplantation (SOT) is efficacious in this population. Optimizing access to transplant and decreasing complications represent active frontiers. RECENT FINDINGS:HI...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-019-00440-x
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HIV research has identified approaches that can be combined to be more effective in transmission reduction than any 1 modality alone: delayed adolescent sexual debut, mutual monogamy or sexual partner reduction, correct and consistent condom use, pre-exposure prophylaxis with oral antiretroviral drugs or vaginal micro...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-013-0155-y
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the magnitude and spectrum of ocular complications of HIV infection in sub-Sahara Africa. A literature search was done using PubMed, Google, and UpToDate and by talking to ophthalmologists and HIV experts working in the region. Ocular complications of HIV infection, mostly retinal, are seen in 29%...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11904-008-0019-z
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The global HIV pandemic began to expand rapidly in southern Africa a decade later than was noted in central Africa, Europe, the Caribbean, and North America. Multiple factors played a role in this rapid expansion which led Southern Africa to become the most heavily afflicted region for HIV/AIDS globally. In this issue...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type：
doi：10.1007/s11904-015-0270-z
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review aims to describe the epidemiology of HIV among female sex workers (FSWs) in China over the past decade, to summarize current gaps in knowledge regarding risk factors, and to identify new directions for HIV prevention strategies. RECENT FINDINGS:We summarized national and regional levels o...
journal_title：Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11904-019-00477-y
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
