Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to reduce pain, however outcome parameters of previous studies have primarily been of a subjective nature and susceptible to bias. This study investigated the effect of VR on cortical processing of evoked potentials (EPs) and subjectively reported pain. Additionally, we explored whether subjects' demographic and personal characteristics modulated the effect of VR analgesia. METHODS:Three VR conditions were compared in a randomized cross-over study of 30 healthy volunteers: Passive VR (i.e. no interaction possible with the virtual world), active VR (interactive virtual environment) and no VR (black screen). Subjects received noxious electrical stimuli at random intervals during all conditions. EPs, recorded at Cz, were extracted time locked to stimuli. Pain scores were reported after each condition. RESULTS:Active VR significantly decreased pain scores and amplitudes of N1 and P3. Passive VR had no analgesic effect. Age was significantly correlated to pain scores, with older subjects demonstrating larger effects of VR. Gender, game experience, and susceptibility for immersion, did not influence VR analgesia. CONCLUSION:Active VR decreases pre-perceptual and perceptual brain activity following painful electrical stimuli, corresponding with reduced pain experience. VR has potential to serve as a non-pharmacologic treatment for pain, particularly in elderly patients.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Lier EJ,Oosterman JM,Assmann R,de Vries M,van Goor Hdoi
10.1038/s41598-020-66035-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-06-03 00:00:00pages
9067issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-020-66035-4journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::Estrogens protect against diet-induced obesity in women and female rodents. For example, a lack of estrogens in postmenopausal women is associated with an increased risk of weight gain, cardiovascular diseases, low-grade inflammation, and cancer. Estrogens act with leptin to regulate energy homeostasis in females. Lep...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56723-1
更新日期:2019-12-27 00:00:00
abstract::As critical primary producers and recyclers of organic matter, the diversity of marine protists has been extensively explored by high-throughput barcode sequencing. However, classification of short metabarcoding sequences into traditional taxonomic units is not trivial, especially for lineages mainly known by their ge...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59524-z
更新日期:2020-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::Viewing facial expressions often evokes facial responses in the observer. These spontaneous facial reactions (SFRs) are believed to play an important role for social interactions. However, their developmental trajectory and the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms are still little understood. In the current study, 4- ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17556-y
更新日期:2017-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::Development of highly efficient and potential material for toxic p-nitrophenol is an important design for sensitive detection of hazardous species from ecology and environment. Here it is developed, an efficient as well as selective of p-nitrophenol using binary material by electrochemical performances, including good...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55891-4
更新日期:2019-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, the periodic double-layer graphene ribbon arrays placed near a metallic ground plate coated by a dielectric layer are proposed and analyzed by the coupled-mode theory (CMT) to predict the perfect absorption response in the mid-infrared region. Numerical simulations of the finite-difference time-domain (...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep36651
更新日期:2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Long daylength artificial light exposure associates with disorders, and a potential physiological mechanism has been proposed. However, previous studies have examined no more than three artificial light treatments and limited metabolic parameters, which have been insufficient to demonstrate mechanical responses. Here,...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep24808
更新日期:2016-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress due to hypobaric hypoxia at extreme altitudes causes severe neuronal damage and irreversible cognitive loss. Owing to contraindications of current drug therapies, the aim of the study was to investigate memory enhancing potential of aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum (GLAQ) and underlying neuroprote...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65812-5
更新日期:2020-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::The negatively-charged nitrogen vacancy (NV(-)) center in diamond is of great interest for quantum information processing and quantum key distribution applications due to its highly desirable long coherence times at room temperature. One of the challenges for their use in these applications involves the requirement to...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep11179
更新日期:2015-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Heterostructures of oxides have been widely investigated in optical, catalytic and electrochemical applications, because the heterostructured interfaces exhibit pronouncedly different transport, charge, and reactivity characteristics compared to the bulk of the oxides. Here we fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) heter...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep00155
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitivity to sounds is one frequent symptom of a sport-related concussion, but its assessment rarely goes beyond a single question. Here we examined sensitivity to sounds using psychoacoustic and psychometric outcomes in athletes beyond the acute phase of injury. Fifty-eight college athletes with normal hearing who ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28312-1
更新日期:2018-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::Metastatic colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer death. Current options in palliation such as hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) present severe side effects. Recent research efforts suggested the therapeutic use of oxidant-enriched liquid using cold physical plasma. To investigate ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37169-3
更新日期:2019-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::The pollination syndrome concept has provided powerful utility in understanding the evolution and adaptation of floral traits. However, the utility of this conception has been questioned on the grounds that flowers usually attract a broader spectrum of visitors than one might expect. Furthermore, the relationship betw...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70954-7
更新日期:2020-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::C4.4A is a modular glycolipid-anchored Ly6/uPAR/α-neurotoxin multidomain protein that exhibits a prominent membrane-associated expression in stratified squamous epithelia. C4.4A is also expressed in various solid cancer lesions, where high expression levels often are correlated to poor prognosis. Circumstantial eviden...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep25833
更新日期:2016-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP; Diaphorina citri) is the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) that is associated with the devastating Huanglongbing (HLB; citrus greening disease). This pest of Asian origin has spread into the Americas and more recently into a few countries in East Africa. During recent su...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66380-4
更新日期:2020-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::Multi-drug resistant efflux transporters found in Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) acts as a functional barrier, by pumping out most of the drugs into the blood. Previous studies showed focused ultrasound (FUS) induced microbubble oscillation can disrupt the BBB by loosening the tight junctions in the brain endothelial cells...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep31201
更新日期:2016-08-11 00:00:00
abstract::Modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) improves upper limb (UL) motor execution in unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP). As these children also show motor planning deficits, action-observation training (AOT) might be of additional value. Here, we investigated the combined value of AOT to mCIMT on UL kinematic...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67427-2
更新日期:2020-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::High-Q microresonator is perceived as a promising platform for optical frequency comb generation, via dissipative soliton formation. In order to achieve a higher quality factor and obtain the necessary anomalous dispersion, multi-mode waveguides were previously implemented in Si3N4 microresonators. However, coupling b...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep26255
更新日期:2016-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::mRNAs lacking 5' untranslated regions (leaderless mRNAs) are molecular relics of an ancient translation initiation pathway. Nevertheless, they still represent a significant portion of transcriptome in some taxons, including a number of eukaryotic species. In bacteria and archaea, the leaderless mRNAs can bind non-diss...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep37905
更新日期:2016-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::For nearly a century, researchers have tried to understand the swimming of aquatic animals in terms of a balance between the forward thrust from swimming movements and drag on the body. Prior approaches have failed to provide a separation of these two forces for undulatory swimmers such as lamprey and eels, where most...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep07329
更新日期:2014-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Given that observational associations may be inaccurate, we used offspring blood pressure (BP) to provide alternative estimates of the associations between own BP and mortality. Observational associations between BP and mortality, estimated as hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox regression, were compared to HRs obtained usin...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep12399
更新日期:2015-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::The controlled interaction of two high intensity beams opens new degrees of freedom for manipulating electromagnetic waves in air. The growing number of applications for laser filaments requires fine control of their formation and propagation. We demonstrate, experimentally and theoretically, that the attraction and f...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10565-x
更新日期:2017-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::The prevention and control of peri-implantitis is a challenge in dental implant surgery. Dental implants with sustained antimicrobial coating are an ideal way of preventing peri-implantitis. This study reports development of a non- immunotoxicity multilayered coating on a titanium surface that had sustained antimicrob...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep16336
更新日期:2015-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::Mumps incidence in mainland China remains at a high level. Genotype F has been the predominant genotype of mumps virus (MuV) in the last 20 years in mainland China. To better understand the genetic characteristics of MuV in China, the sequences of the Small Hydrophobic (SH), Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) and Fusion...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17474-z
更新日期:2017-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Anterior-posterior body axis in all bilaterians is determined by the Hox gene clusters that are activated in a spatio-temporal order. This expression pattern of Hox genes is established and maintained by regulatory mechanisms that involve higher order chromatin structure and Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (t...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep03011
更新日期:2013-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::The known angiotensin II (AngII) physiological effect of aldosterone synthesis and secretion is mediated by either Gq/11 proteins or βarrestin1 (βarr1), both of which can couple to its type 1 receptors (AT₁Rs), present in adrenocortical zona glomerulosa (AZG) cell membranes. In the present study, we examined the relat...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep08116
更新日期:2015-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::High Refractive Index (HRI) dielectric nanoparticles have been proposed as an alternative to metallic ones due to their low absorption and magnetodielectric response in the VIS and NIR ranges. For the latter, important scattering directionality effects can be obtained. Also, systems constituted by dimers of HRI dielec...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11401-y
更新日期:2017-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::8p22-23-rs2254546 was firstly discovered to be associated with Kawasaki disease (KD) susceptibility by a genome-wide association study. However, only one Chinese replication study has been performed so far. To verify this association in another Chinese population, a hospital-based case-control study in Zhejiang provin...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1038/srep04247
更新日期:2014-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Seeing with two eyes usually helps one respond faster. Here we show that with ambiguous stimuli, binocular viewing can paradoxically slow down reaction time. This is explained by the observers basing their decision on a noisy neuronal representation within the visual system, with the added noise breaking the symmetry ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep16799
更新日期:2015-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::Using analytical expressions for the magnetization textures of thin submicron-sized magnetic cylinders in vortex state, we derive closed-form algebraic expressions for the ensuing small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) cross sections. Specifically, for the perpendicular and parallel scattering geometries, we have compu...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep25055
更新日期:2016-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Deforestation associated with the initial settlement of New Zealand is a dramatic example of how humans can alter landscapes through fire. However, evidence linking early human presence and land-cover change is inferential in most continental sites. We employed a multi-proxy approach to reconstruct anthropogenic land ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30606-3
更新日期:2018-08-14 00:00:00