Abstract：
:T cells are essential mediators of the adaptive immune system, which constantly patrol the body in search for invading pathogens. During an infection, T cells that recognise the pathogen are recruited, expand and differentiate into subtypes tailored to the infection. In addition, they differentiate into subsets required for short and long-term control of the pathogen, i.e., effector or memory. T cells have a remarkable degree of plasticity and heterogeneity in their response, however, their overall response to a given infection is consistent and robust. Much research has focused on how individual T cells are activated and programmed. However, in order to achieve a critical level of population-wide reproducibility and robustness, neighbouring cells and surrounding tissues have to provide or amplify relevant signals to tune the overall response accordingly. The characteristics of the immune response-stochastic on the individual cell level, robust on the global level-necessitate coordinated responses on a system-wide level, which facilitates the control of pathogens, while maintaining self-tolerance. This global coordination can only be achieved by constant cellular communication between responding cells, and faults in this intercellular crosstalk can potentially lead to immunopathology or autoimmunity. In this review, we will discuss how T cells mount a global, collective response, by describing the modes of T cell-T cell (T-T) communication they use and highlighting their physiological relevance in programming and controlling the T cell response.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Uhl LFK,Gérard Adoi
10.3390/ijms21082674subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-11 00:00:00issue
8issn
1422-0067pii
ijms21082674journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:This study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structures in a novel cotton germplasm collection comprising 132 diploids, including Glossypium klotzschianum and allotetraploid cotton accessions, including Glossypium barbadense, Glossypium darwinii, Glossypium tomentosum, Glossypium ekmanianum, and Glossypiu...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19082401
更新日期：2018-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease caused by pulmonary vascular remodeling. Current vasodilator treatments have substantially improved patients' survival. This improved survival has led to the appearance of complications related to conditions previously underdiagnosed or even ignored, such as pulm...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21072509
更新日期：2020-04-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress, insulin resistance and pro-inflammatory cytokines have been shown to play an important role in pathogeneses of renal damage on type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Inonotus obliquus (IO) is a white rot fungus th...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17091535
更新日期：2016-09-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) represents the interventional alternative to oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). The metabolism of acylcarnitines was shown to affect cardiovascular diseases. This study evaluates the influence of successful LAAC on the metabolism of ac...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19020500
更新日期：2018-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：:InPBi exhibits broad and strong photoluminescence at room temperature, and is a potential candidate for fabricating super-luminescence diodes applied in optical coherence tomography. In this paper, the strained InPBi quantum dot (QD) embedded in the AlGaAs barrier on a GaAs platform is proposed to enhance the light em...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20236001
更新日期：2019-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important molecules in the plant, which are involved in many biological processes, including fiber development and adaptation to abiotic stress in cotton. We carried out transcription analysis to determine the evolution of the ROS genes and analyzed their expression levels in various ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20081863
更新日期：2019-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:It was reported that substance P had beneficial effects in the healing of acute tendon injury. However, the relationship between substance P and degenerative tendinopathy development remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of substance P in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy. Healthy and ten...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18061241
更新日期：2017-06-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an immune-mediated cholestatic disease. Vitamin D receptor (VDR)-dependent signaling constrains an inflammatory response by targeting the miRNA155-SOCS1 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 1) axis. The VDR-miRNA155-SOCS1 pathway was investigated in the context of the autoimmune respo...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18020289
更新日期：2017-01-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are groups of bioelectrochemical technologies and platforms that could facilitate versatile environmental and biological applications. The performance of BES is mainly determined by the key process of electron transfer at the bacteria and electrode interface, which is known as extracel...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18010090
更新日期：2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was aimed to clarify the effect of honokiol (Hon) on the activity of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, and the level of mRNA expression of liver and kidney transporters in type 2 diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet and strepotozotocin. Rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, diabetic c...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19030815
更新日期：2018-03-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Lichens, composite organisms resulting from the symbiotic association between the fungi and algae, produce a variety of secondary metabolites that exhibit pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of the secondary metabolite atraric acid produced by Heterodermia hypol...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21197070
更新日期：2020-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Esterification of starch was carried out to expand the usefulness of starch for a myriad of industrial applications. Lipase B from Candida antarctica, immobilized on macroporous acrylic resin (Novozym 435), was used for starch esterification in two reaction systems: micro-solvent system and solvent-free system. The es...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms13067226
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein found in the milk of most mammals. In addition to its well-known role of binding iron, lactoferrin carries many important biological functions, including the promotion of cell proliferation and differentiation, and as an anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-parasitic prote...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18040870
更新日期：2017-04-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic organisms considered as potential alternative sources for biomass, biofuels or high value products. However, limited biomass productivity is commonly experienced in their cultivating system despite their high potential. One of the reasons for this limitation is the high therma...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19010155
更新日期：2018-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogeneous groups of innate immune cells, which orchestrate immune responses by presenting antigens to cognate T cells and stimulating other types of immune cells. Although the term 'DCs' generally represent highly mixed subsets with functional heterogeneity, the classical definition of DC...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19010042
更新日期：2017-12-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Poly(glutamic acid) has been studied with a nanosecond T-jump experiment. A new experimental set-up based on the frequency-quadrupling of an 82 MHz Titanium-Sapphire laser allows rapid CD measurements to be performed. Combining time-resolved absorption and circular dichroism at 204 and 220 nm, we are able to measure p...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms13022239
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small RNAs are essential for a variety of cellular functions. Argonaute (AGO) proteins are associated with all of the different classes of small RNAs, and are indispensable in small RNA-mediated regulatory pathways. AGO proteins have been identified in various types of stem cells in diverse species from plants and ani...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17020208
更新日期：2016-02-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Ankyrin repeat (AR) domains are considered the most abundant repeat motif found in eukaryotic proteins. AR domains are predominantly known to mediate specific protein-protein interactions (PPIs) without necessarily recognizing specific primary sequences, nor requiring strict conformity within its own primary sequence....
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms22020609
更新日期：2021-01-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-neuronal acetylcholine plays a substantial role in the human skin by influencing adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. These processes are regulated by the Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) kinase cascade. Here we show that in HaCaT keratinocytes all five muscarinic receptor subtyp...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms151121433
更新日期：2014-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Malignant mesothelioma (MM), a rare and severe cancer, mainly caused as a result of past-asbestos exposure, is presently a public health concern. Current molecular studies aim to improve the outcome of the disease, providing efficient therapies based on the principles of precision medicine. To model the molecular prof...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19082191
更新日期：2018-07-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies, including ours, have shown that pro-oxidative stressors, such as chemotherapeutic agents, generate oxidized lipids with agonistic platelet-activating factor (PAF) activity. Importantly, recent reports have implicated that these PAF-agonists are transported extracellularly via microvesicle particles (MVPs). Wh...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20010032
更新日期：2018-12-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteolipid protein 2 (PLP2), a membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum, is related to tumor proliferation and metastasis in some human cancers, but not in gliomas. First, we performed western-blot analysis, real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical stains to detect PLP2 expression in 4 glioma cell line...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19113353
更新日期：2018-10-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Tricyclic antidepressants and serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors are used to treat chronic pain, such as neuropathic pain. Why antidepressants are effective for treatment of neuropathic pain and the precise mechanisms underlying their effects, however, remain unclear. The inhibitory effects of these antidepre...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18112483
更新日期：2017-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Metacaspases, a class of cysteine-dependent proteases like caspases in animals, are important regulators of programmed cell death (PCD) during development and stress responses in plants. The present study was focused on comprehensive analyses of expression patterns of the rice metacaspase (OsMC) genes in response to a...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms160716216
更新日期：2015-07-17 00:00:00
abstract：:3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a naturally derived chemopreventive compound. It comes from glucobrassicin, an indole glucosinolate enriched in cruciferous vegetables, and is formed in the acidic environment of the stomach after ingestion. Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) is an important, multi-functional oncogenic...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21134642
更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2), a microtubule-associated protein, impacts spindle assembly in human cells. Several studies have demonstrated that TPX2 is overexpressed in different types of human cancers and promotes tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, we found that the expression ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms151018148
更新日期：2014-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Galectins are a family of animal lectins with high affinity for β-galactosides. Galectins are able to bind to bacteria, and a few mammalian galectins are known to kill the bound bacteria. In fish, no galectins with direct bactericidal effect have been reported. In the present study, we identified and characterized a t...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22010376
更新日期：2020-12-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Flowering plants have evolved different flowering habits to sustain long-term reproduction. Most woody trees experience dormancy and then bloom in the warm spring, but loquat blooms in the cold autumn and winter. To explore its mechanism of flowering regulation, we cloned two SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) homologous ge...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20235933
更新日期：2019-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the major goals of the Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP) is to catalog and annotate a myriad of heterogeneous proteoforms, produced by ca. 20 thousand genes. To achieve a detailed and personalized understanding into proteomes, we suggest using a customized RNA-seq library of potential proteoform...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21113813
更新日期：2020-05-27 00:00:00
abstract：:In plants, environmental conditions such as temperature affect survival, growth, and fitness, particularly during key stages such as seedling growth and reproduction. To survive and thrive in changing conditions, plants have evolved adaptive responses that tightly regulate developmental processes such as hypocotyl elo...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19103196
更新日期：2018-10-16 00:00:00
