Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:This study aims to quantify the impact of olfactory stimulation and takeover modality on the performance of takeovers in conditionally automated driving. BACKGROUND:Takeover requests are important for the safety of automated vehicles. The reaction time and subsequent performance of drivers in the takeover process are crucial for safety. In this study, peppermint was adopted as an auxiliary modality to the tactile and auditory design of takeover requests. METHODS:Sixty participants took part in the experiment, which required participants to avoid a stalled vehicle after they were awoken from a state of light sleep by a takeover request. Takeover modality (tactile, auditory, and combined) was the within-subjects factor. In the between-subjects design, half of the participants received a peppermint odor stimulation when the takeover request occurred, and the other half received a placebo (air). RESULTS:The presence of peppermint odor did not influence the reaction time, but participants did show signs of being more alert afterwards. For the moment of takeover, use of the auditory modality had a significant positive effect on reaction time compared to the tactile conditions. CONCLUSION:Peppermint odor had a positive impact on drivers' takeover quality when engaged in nondriving-related activities such as light sleep, and the takeover request modalities were shown to be crucial for a safe and successful takeover. APPLICATION:The results will be useful as a reference for developers of automated driving systems to design human-machine interfaces, shorten the driver's reaction time, and improve takeover quality.
journal_name
Hum Factorsjournal_title
Human factorsauthors
Tang Q,Guo G,Zhang Z,Zhang B,Wu Ydoi
10.1177/0018720819893137subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-30 00:00:00pages
18720819893137eissn
0018-7208issn
1547-8181pub_type
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