Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:We describe a networked, two-user virtual reality (VR) power wheelchair (PWC) simulator system in which an actor (client) and an observer (clinician) meet. We then present a study with 15 observers (expert clinicians) evaluating the effect of three principal forms of viewpoint control (egocentric-egomotion, egocentric-tethered, and client-centric) on the observer's assessment of driving tasks in a virtual environment (VE). BACKGROUND:VR allows for the simulation and assessment of real-world tasks in a controlled, safe, and repeatable environment. Observing users' movement behavior in such a VE requires appropriate viewpoint control for the observer. The VR viewpoint user interface should allow an observer to make judgments equivalent or even superior to real-world situations. METHOD:A purpose-built VR PWC simulator was developed. In a series of PWC driving tasks, we measured the perceived ease of use and sense of presence of the observers and compared the virtual assessment with real-world "gold standard" scores, including confidence levels in judgments. RESULTS:Findings suggest that with more immersive techniques, such as egomotion and tethered egocentric viewpoints, judgments are both more accurate and more confident. The ability to walk and/or orbit around the view significantly affected the observers' sense of presence. CONCLUSION:Incorporating the observer into the VE, through egomotion, is an effective method for assessing users' behavior in VR with implications for the transferability of virtual experiences to the real world. APPLICATION:Our application domain serves as a representative example for tasks where the movement of users through a VE needs to be evaluated.
journal_name
Hum Factorsjournal_title
Human factorsauthors
Alshaer A,O'Hare D,Archambault P,Shirley M,Regenbrecht Hdoi
10.1177/0018720819853682subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-06-01 00:00:00pages
656-670issue
4eissn
0018-7208issn
1547-8181journal_volume
62pub_type
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