Abstract:
:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with a very poor prognosis. In the United States, there has been only minimal improvement in the prognosis for HCC patients over the past 15 years. Details of the molecular mechanisms and other mechanisms of HCC progression remain unclear. Consequently, there is an urgent need for better understanding of these mechanisms. HCC is often diagnosed at advanced stages, and most patients will therefore need systemic therapy, with sorafenib being the most common at the present time. However, sorafenib therapy only minimally enhances patient survival. This review provides a summary of some of the known mechanisms that either cause HCC or contribute to its progression. Included in this review are the roles of viral hepatitis, non-viral hepatitis, chronic alcohol intake, genetic predisposition and congenital abnormalities, toxic exposures, and autoimmune diseases of the liver. Well-established molecular mechanisms of HCC progression such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor-stromal interactions and the tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cells, and senescence bypass are also discussed. Additionally, we discuss the roles of circulating tumor cells, immunomodulation, and neural regulation as potential new mechanisms of HCC progression. A better understanding of these mechanisms could have implications for the development of novel and more effective therapeutic and prognostic strategies, which are critically needed.
journal_name
World J Gastroenteroljournal_title
World journal of gastroenterologyauthors
Ogunwobi OO,Harricharran T,Huaman J,Galuza A,Odumuwagun O,Tan Y,Ma GX,Nguyen MTdoi
10.3748/wjg.v25.i19.2279subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-05-21 00:00:00pages
2279-2293issue
19eissn
1007-9327issn
2219-2840journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:AIM:To assess intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) for monitoring early efficacy of chemotherapy in a human gastric cancer mouse model. METHODS:IVIM-DWI was performed with 12 b-values (0-800 s/mm(2)) in 25 human gastric cancer-bearing nude mice at baseline (day 0), and then they were rand...
journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i24.5520
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i11.1718
更新日期:2013-03-21 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.14.3729
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i6.1925
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i9.1594
更新日期:2017-03-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i14.2459
更新日期:2017-04-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7443
更新日期:2015-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::Xanthogranulomatous inflammation (XGI) is a disease of unknown origin, most frequently described in the kidney and gallbladder; its localization in the colorectal tract is extremely rare. The extension of the typical inflammatory process to the surrounding tissues may lead to misdiagnosis as cancer. We report the case...
journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i26.8717
更新日期:2014-07-14 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v24.i31.3538
更新日期:2018-08-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i10.1252
更新日期:2010-03-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v9.i6.1327
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i13.3860
更新日期:2015-04-07 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.14.918
更新日期:2008-02-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i13.3679
更新日期:2016-04-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 评论,信件
doi:10.3748/wjg.15.5371
更新日期:2009-11-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i31.9348
更新日期:2015-08-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v9.i2.329
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i33.5551
更新日期:2013-09-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v25.i16.1913
更新日期:2019-04-28 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.v10.i4.471
更新日期:2004-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i24.3713
更新日期:2013-06-28 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i46.6729
更新日期:2012-12-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2017-02-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.15.1079
更新日期:2009-03-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2014-10-28 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v6.i3.371
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There was remarkable progress in the understanding of the role genetic risk factors in chronic pancreatitis. These factors seem to be much more important than thought in the past. The rare autosomal-dominant mutations N29I and R122H of PRSS1 (cationic trypsinogen) as well as the variant N34S of SPINK1 (pancreatic secr...
journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.14.1011
更新日期:2008-02-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.15.3312
更新日期:2009-07-14 00:00:00