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Spectrum of Trained Innate Immunity Induced by Low-Virulence Candida Species against Lethal Polymicrobial Intra-abdominal Infection.

Abstract：

:Polymicrobial intra-abdominal infections (IAI) are clinically prevalent and cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially those involving fungi. Our laboratory developed a mouse model of polymicrobial IAI and demonstrated that coinfection with Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus (C. albicans/S. aureus) results in 80 to 90% mortality in 48 to 72 h due to robust local and systemic inflammation. Surprisingly, inoculation with Candida dubliniensis and S. aureus resulted in minimal mortality, and rechallenge of mice with lethal C. albicans/S. aureus conferred >90% protection up to 60 days postinoculation. Protection was mediated by Gr-1+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes, indicating a novel form of trained innate immunity (TII). The purpose of this study was to determine the microbial requirements and spectrum of innate-mediated protection. In addition to Candida dubliniensis, several other low-virulence Candida species (C. glabrata, C. auris, and C. albicansefg1Δ/Δ cph1Δ/Δ) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae conferred significant protection with or without S. aureus For C. dubliniensis-mediated protection, hyphal formation was not required, with protection conferred as early as 7 days after primary challenge but not at 120 days, and also following multiple lethal C. albicans/S. aureus rechallenges. This protection also extended to a lethal intravenous (i.v.) C. albicans challenge but had no effect in the C. albicans vaginitis model. Finally, studies revealed the ability of the low-virulence Candida species that conferred protection to invade the bone marrow by 24 h post-primary challenge, with a positive correlation between femoral bone marrow fungal infiltration at 48 h and protection upon rechallenge. These results support and further extend the characterization of this novel TII in protection against lethal fungal-bacterial IAI and sepsis.

journal_name

Infect Immun

journal_title

Infection and immunity

authors

Lilly EA,Yano J,Esher SK,Hardie E,Fidel PL Jr,Noverr MC

doi

10.1128/IAI.00348-19

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-07-23 00:00:00

issue

eissn

0019-9567

issn

1098-5522

pii

IAI.00348-19

journal_volume

pub_type

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Spectrum of Trained Innate Immunity Induced by Low-Virulence Candida Species against Lethal Polymicrobial Intra-abdominal Infection.