Abstract:
:In the progression of the life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum, a small proportion of asexual parasites differentiate into male or female sexual forms called gametocytes. Just like their asexual counterparts, gametocytes are contained within the infected host's erythrocytes (RBCs). However, unlike their asexual partners, they do not exit the RBC until they are taken up in a blood meal by a mosquito. In the mosquito midgut, they are stimulated to emerge from the RBC, undergo fertilization, and ultimately produce tens of thousands of sporozoites that are infectious to humans. This transmission cycle can be blocked by antibodies targeting proteins exposed on the parasite surface in the mosquito midgut, a process that has led to the development of candidate transmission-blocking vaccines (TBV), including some that are in clinical trials. Here we review the leading TBV antigens and highlight the ongoing search for additional gametocyte/gamete surface antigens, as well as antigens on the surfaces of gametocyte-infected erythrocytes, which can potentially become a new group of TBV candidates.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Acquah FK,Adjah J,Williamson KC,Amoah LEdoi
10.1128/IAI.00775-18subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-05-21 00:00:00issue
6eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522pii
IAI.00775-18journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Reduced-minus-oxidized difference spectra of sonically treated virulent Treponema pallidum disclosed cytochromes of the b anc c types as well as large amounts of flavoprotein. Difference spectra of the carbon monoxide-binding pigment identified cytochrome o as the terminal oxidase. Physiological reduction of the cytoc...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.16.3.885-890.1977
更新日期:1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The type III secretion system (T3SS) of pathogenic bordetellae employs a self-associating tip complex protein Bsp22. This protein is immunogenic during infections by Bordetella bronchiseptica and could be used as a protective antigen to immunize mice against B. bronchiseptica challenge. Since low-passage clinical isol...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00353-13
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphocytes from uninfected, nonimmune mice can be stimulated to proliferate and produce antibody to diverse antigens in culture when exposed to the purified protein derivative of tuberculin or unheated tuberculin culture filtrate. Lymphocytes from numerous inbred strains of mice respond to tuberculin, but no true low...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.15.3.799-806.1977
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal dysfunction can occur in the course of sepsis without meningitis. Sepsis-associated neuronal damage (SAND) was observed in the hippocampus within hours in experimental pneumococcal bacteremia. Intravascular challenge with purified bacterial cell wall recapitulated SAND. SAND persisted in PAFr(-/-) mice but wa...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00022-06
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to localize antigenic regions on the flagellin protein of Campylobacter jejuni 81116. This strain has two flagellin genes, flaA and flaB, which are 95% identical; only flaA seems to be expressed in motile C. jejuni 81116 cells. Fragments of flaA and flaB were cloned in the bacterial expre...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.59.3.1100-1105.1991
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium difficile causes pseudomembranous colitis through the action of Rho-modifying proteins, toxins A and B. Antibodies directed against C. difficile toxin A prevent or limit C. difficile-induced colitis. We engineered plasmid pETR14, containing the hlyB and hlyD genes of the Escherichia coli hemolysin operon, ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.65.7.2941-2949.1997
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An antigenic complex has been isolated in a highly purified from from the Melvin strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The complex has a molecular weight of 9.3 x 10(6) and on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was found to consist of several subunits; the most predominant had the following molecular...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.25.2.635-644.1979
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Candida-associated denture stomatitis (DS) is a persistent and chronic oral infection of the denture-bearing palatal mucosa. DS stems from the ability of the fungal opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans to adhere to denture material and invade palatal tissue. Although DS is the most prevalent form of oral candidiasi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00617-19
更新日期:2019-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::The recent development of acellular pertussis vaccines has been a significant improvement in the conventional whole-cell diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus toxoid vaccines, but high production costs will limit its widespread use in developing countries. Since Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination against tuberculosis is used ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.9.4877-4883.2000
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to bind and utilize hemin is a trait common to many human pathogens. Nevertheless, the relationship between Legionella pneumophila, the agent of Legionnaires' disease, and hemin has received little attention. Thus, we explored the capacity of a virulent, serogroup 1 strain of L. pneumophila to bind hemin a...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.3.842-848.1996
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antigens were extracted from a virulent isolate of Pasteurella multocida (serotype 3, 12, 15:D) with potassium thiocyanate, and a vaccine was prepared. Pasteurella-free rabbits were vaccinated intranasally and intraconjuctivally twice with a 2-week interval and challenged intranasally with the homologous P. multocida ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.49.3.498-504.1985
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously demonstrated the suppression of cell-mediated immunity to Listeria monocytogenes by Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced, macrophage-like cells. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the mechanism for this suppression. P. aeruginosa supernatant was shown to activate macrophages by the criteria of increa...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.49.2.383-388.1985
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Murine embryo fibroblasts (MEF) were found to secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in response to stimulation with endotoxin. Endotoxin-induced TNF production by MEF was inhibited by cycloheximide. However, reversal of the effect of this inhibitor on protein synthesis results in TNF being secreted in amounts equivalent...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.5.1630-1635.1993
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrio cholerae O1 has two biotypes, El Tor and Classical, and the latter is now presumed to be extinct in nature. Under carbohydrate-rich growth conditions, El Tor biotype strains produce the neutral fermentation end product 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), which prevents accumulation of organic acids from mixed acid ferment...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01237-10
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicity of Chlamydia trachomatis was studied with mouse peritoneal macrophage culture. Inoculation of 30 inclusion-forming units of trachoma B/TW-5/OT organisms and 250 inclusion-forming units of lymphogranuloma venereum L2/434/Bu organisms per cell caused immediated toxicity, with the killing of 40 to 90% of the...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.20.3.613-618.1978
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An immunological assay utilizing double-diffusion principles was developed for identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants deficient in toxin A. Mutations were chemically induced, and mutants were isolated from P. aeruginosa strain PA103. Quantitative assays, both enzymatic and immunological, indicated that five ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have indicated that the ability to bind to fibronectin is a key feature in successful cell invasion by Campylobacter jejuni. Given the spatial distribution of fibronectin and the architecture of the epithelium, this suggests the possibility that C. jejuni cell invasion might preferentially occur at th...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.12.6665-6671.2002
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic oligosaccharides derived from the capsular polysaccharide (PRP) of Haemophilus influenzae type b were conjugated to carrier proteins via a thioether linkage. Conjugates were made of trimeric and tetrameric ribose-ribitol-phosphate and tetanus toxoid or diphtheria toxin. All conjugates elicited anti-PRP antib...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.5.1826-1833.1992
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ninety-six Aeromonas hydrophila isolates were tested for cytotoxin and hemolysin production. Sixty-six (69%) of the isolates were both cytotoxic and hemolytic, whereas the rest produced neither cytotoxin nor hemolysin. No evidence of a separate cytotonic activity could be found in any of the isolates. Cytotoxin activi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.23.3.829-837.1979
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrio vulnificus is an oyster-associated bacterial pathogen that causes life-threatening fulminating septicemia and necrotizing wound infections in humans. The capsular polysaccharide of V. vulnificus (VvPS) is critical for virulence. Previously we showed that active immunization of mice with a VvPS-tetanus toxoid (V...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.6.2220-2224.1996
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most children and adults living in areas where the endemicity of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is high have significantly elevated levels of both total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgE antimalarial antibodies in blood. This elevation is highest in patients with cerebral malaria, suggesting a pathogenic role for this imm...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.65.1.116-121.1997
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An enterotoxin produced by Bacteroides fragilis was purified to homogeneity and characterized as to its biological activity and basic molecular properties. Toxin preparations were prepared by growing B. fragilis VPI 13784 in brain heart infusion broth to early stationary phase, immediately precipitating the culture su...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.4.1343-1350.1992
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultures of Serpulina pilosicoli 95/1000, isolated from a pig with porcine intestinal spirochetosis (PIS), and S. pilosicoli WesB, isolated from an Aboriginal child with diarrhea, were used to infect 5-week-old newly weaned pigs. Four of 12 pigs infected with strain 95/1000 and 2 of 12 pigs infected with strain WesB b...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.11.4648-4654.1996
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haemophilus ducreyi expresses 2 OmpA homologs, designated MOMP and OmpA2, whose genes are arranged in tandem on the chromosome. Northern blot analysis indicated that momp and ompA2 are transcribed independently. Sequences of the momp open reading frame (ORF) lacking the transcriptional start site were amplified by PCR...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.5.2602-2607.2000
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli D2 (serotype 07:H-) that was isolated from a child with diarrhea hybridized with an F1845 DNA probe used to detect diffuse adherence. Strain D2 adhered to tissue culture cells (HeLa and HEp-2 cells) in a clustered pattern but did not autoagglutinate on the cell surface and induced the elongation of mi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.7.2917-2929.1994
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial infection with group B Streptococcus (GBS) represents a prominent threat to neonates and fetuses in the Western world, causing severe organ damage and even death. To improve current therapeutic strategies and to investigate new approaches, an appropriate in vivo model to study the immune response of a human ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01235-12
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In pathogenic bacteria, iron acquisition is important for colonization and proliferation in the host under iron-limited conditions. The ability of Vibrio spp. to acquire iron is often critical to their virulence, causing gastroenteritis or excessive watery diarrhea in humans. In the study described here, we cloned the...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.73.2.722-729.2005
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a porcine dermal explant model to determine the extent to which Staphylococcus aureus biofilm communities deplete oxygen, change pH, and produce damage in underlying tissue. Microelectrode measurements demonstrated that dissolved oxygen (DO) in biofilm-free dermal tissue was 4.45 ± 1.17 mg/liter, while DO...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.03075-14
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated plasma cell hybridomas which secrete monoclonal antibodies directed against Haemophilus ducreyi. Two of these monoclonal antibodies recognize all strains of H. ducreyi tested to date and are capable of detecting the presence of H. ducreyi in skin lesions produced by this pathogen in experimental anima...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.44.1.196-198.1984
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the enteric pathogen Vibrio cholerae, expression of the major virulence factors is controlled by the hierarchical expression of several regulatory proteins comprising the ToxR regulon. In this study, we demonstrate that disruption of the fadD gene encoding a long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme A ligase has marked effect...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00663-10
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00