Does biased gene conversion influence polymorphism in the circumsporozoite protein-encoding gene of Plasmodium vivax?

abstract：:We are interested in the balance of energy and protein synthesis in bacterial growth. How has evolution optimized this balance? We describe an analytical model that leverages extensive literature data on growth laws to infer the underlying fitness landscape and to draw inferences about what evolution has optimized in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maitra A,Dill KA

更新日期：2015-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter of mitochondria (Atm1) mediates iron homeostasis in eukaryotes, while the prokaryotic homolog from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans (NaAtm1) can export glutathione derivatives and confer protection against heavy-metal toxicity. To establish the structural framework underlying ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fan C,Kaiser JT,Rees DC

更新日期：2020-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Climate change affects organisms worldwide with profound ecological and evolutionary consequences, often increasing population extinction risk. Climatic factors can increase the strength, variability, or direction of natural selection on phenotypic traits, potentially driving adaptive evolution. Phenotypic plasticity ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Svensson EI,Gomez-Llano M,Waller JT

更新日期：2020-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:In a significant fraction of the Escherichia coli cytosolic proteins, the N-terminal methionine residue incorporated during the translation initiation step is excised. The N-terminal methionine excision is catalyzed by methionyl-aminopeptidase (MAP). Previous studies have suggested that the action of this enzyme could...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hirel PH,Schmitter MJ,Dessen P,Fayat G,Blanquet S

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rat brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene consists of four 5' exons linked to separate promoters and one 3' exon encoding the prepro-BDNF protein. To gain insights into the regulation of BDNF mRNA expression, probes specific for the different 5' exons were used to study the expression of BDNF mRNA in the br...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Metsis M,Timmusk T,Arenas E,Persson H

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perfusion of rat hearts with Krebs--Henseleit medium containing 10 mM L-leucine methyl ester leads to swelling of lysosomes and loss of lysosomal integrity within 30-60 min. No morphological changes can be detected in the nuclei, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, or Golgi complex as a result of the treatment with ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reeves JP,Decker RS,Crie JS,Wildenthal K

更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure of Sindbis virus was determined by electron cryomicroscopy. The virion contains two icosahedral shells of viral-encoded proteins separated by a membrane bilayer of cellular origin. The three-dimensional structure of the ice-embedded intact Sindbis virus, reconstructed from electron images, unambiguously ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paredes AM,Brown DT,Rothnagel R,Chiu W,Schoepp RJ,Johnston RE,Prasad BV

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose a conceptual model for the cytoskeletal organization of endothelial cells (ECs) based on a major dichotomy in structure and function at basal and apical aspects of the cells. Intracellular distributions of filamentous actin (F-actin), vinculin, paxillin, ZO-1, and Cx43 were analyzed from confocal micrograph...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thi MM,Tarbell JM,Weinbaum S,Spray DC

更新日期：2004-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:If a population (species) consists of n haploid lines (subpopulations) which reproduce asexually and each of which is subject to random extinction and subsequent replacement, it is shown that, at equilibrium in which mutational production of new alleles and their random extinction balance each other, the genetic diver...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maruyama T,Kimura M

更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool for physical mapping in human and other mammalian species. However, application of the FISH technique has been limited in plant species, especially for mapping single- or low-copy DNA sequences, due to inconsistent signal production in plant chromosome prepa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jiang J,Gill BS,Wang GL,Ronald PC,Ward DC

更新日期：1995-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is initiated by the long noncoding RNA Xist, which coats the inactive X (Xi) and targets Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) in cis. Epigenomic analyses have provided significant insight into Xist binding patterns and chromatin organization of the Xi. However, such epigenomic analyses ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sunwoo H,Wu JY,Lee JT

更新日期：2015-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:RNase T2 enzymes are conserved in most eukaryotic genomes, and expression patterns and phylogenetic analyses suggest that they may carry out an important housekeeping role. However, the nature of this role has been elusive. Here we show that RNS2, an intracellular RNase T2 from Arabidopsis thaliana, is essential for n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hillwig MS,Contento AL,Meyer A,Ebany D,Bassham DC,Macintosh GC

更新日期：2011-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells from the spleens and thymuses of BALB/c mice whose Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV)-induced, primary sarcomas have regressed 2-3 months earlier ("MSV regressors") or are in the process of regressing can, when adoptively transferred to syngeneic mice given MSV at the age of 20 days, prevent the natural regression of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hellström I,Hellström KE,Bernstein ID

更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By indirect immunofluorescence techniques, microtubules and mitochondria were localized in normal rat kidney cells, human WI38 fibroblasts, mouse peritoneal macrophages, and a putative smooth muscle rat cell line, in monolayer culture. The mitochondria were found to be arranged along the cytoplasmic microtubules in ea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heggeness MH,Simon M,Singer SJ

更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcription factors (TFs) are the main players in transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes. However, it remains unclear what role TFs played in the origin of all of the different eukaryotic multicellular lineages. In this paper, we explore how the origin of TF repertoires shaped eukaryotic evolution and, in particul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： de Mendoza A,Sebé-Pedrós A,Šestak MS,Matejcic M,Torruella G,Domazet-Loso T,Ruiz-Trillo I

更新日期：2013-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a method based on a phagemid vector with helper phage rescue for the construction and rapid analysis of combinatorial antibody Fab libraries. This approach should allow the generation and selection of many monoclonal antibodies. Antibody genes are expressed in concert with phage morphogenesis, thereby allo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kang AS,Barbas CF,Janda KD,Benkovic SJ,Lerner RA

更新日期：1991-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Relatively little is understood about the dynamics of global host-pathogen transcriptome changes that occur during bacterial infection of mucosal surfaces. To test the hypothesis that group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection of the oropharynx provokes a distinct host transcriptome response, we performed genome-wide trans...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shea PR,Virtaneva K,Kupko JJ 3rd,Porcella SF,Barry WT,Wright FA,Kobayashi SD,Carmody A,Ireland RM,Sturdevant DE,Ricklefs SM,Babar I,Johnson CA,Graham MR,Gardner DJ,Bailey JR,Parnell MJ,Deleo FR,Musser JM

更新日期：2010-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The complex cooperative behavior exhibited by wild chimpanzees generates considerable theoretical and empirical interest, yet we know very little about the mechanisms responsible for its evolution. Here, we investigate the influence of kinship on the cooperative behavior of male chimpanzees living in an unusually larg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Langergraber KE,Mitani JC,Vigilant L

更新日期：2007-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:With global heavy metal contamination increasing, plants that can process heavy metals might provide efficient and ecologically sound approaches to sequestration and removal. Mercuric ion reductase, MerA, converts toxic Hg2+ to the less toxic, relatively inert metallic mercury (Hg0) The bacterial merA sequence is rich...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rugh CL,Wilde HD,Stack NM,Thompson DM,Summers AO,Meagher RB

更新日期：1996-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:As an electron transfer-driven proton pump, cytochrome c oxidase (ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.9.3.1) must alternate between two conformations in each valence state of the redox element associated with ion translocation. Using second derivative absorption spectroscopy, the conformation of the cytochro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Copeland RA

更新日期：1991-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA movements and localization pervade biology, from embryonic development to disease. To identify RNAs at specific locations, we developed a strategy in which a uridine-adding enzyme is anchored to subcellular sites, where it directly marks RNAs with 3' terminal uridines. This localized RNA recording approach yields ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Medina-Munoz HC,Lapointe CP,Porter DF,Wickens M

更新日期：2020-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:An electron density map at 3 angstrom resolution has been calculated for Cu2+, Zn2+ superoxide dismutase from bovine erythrocytes, and the course of the main chain has been traced. The dominant structural feature is an 8-stranded barrel of antiparallel beta-pleated sheet. There is one very short helical section and tw...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richardson J,Thomas KA,Rubin BH,Richardson DC

更新日期：1975-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In enzyme catalysis, where exquisitely positioned functionality is the sine qua non, atomic coordinates for a Michaelis complex can provide powerful insights into activation of the substrate. We focus here on the initial proton transfer of the isomerization reaction catalyzed by triosephosphate isomerase and present t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jogl G,Rozovsky S,McDermott AE,Tong L

更新日期：2003-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The satellite sequences (AGGGAG)(n) and Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons are known to localize at the barley centromeres. Using a gametocidal system, which induces chromosomal mutations in barley chromosomes added to common wheat, we obtained an isochromosome for the short arm of barley chromosome 7H (7HS) that lacked ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nasuda S,Hudakova S,Schubert I,Houben A,Endo TR

更新日期：2005-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Several natural isolate E. coli strains highly resistant to sulfonamides and antibiotics are shown to contain a sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthase (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine-diphosphate:4-aminobenzoate 2-amino-4-hydroxydihydropteridine-6-methenyltransferase, EC 2.5.1.15) in add...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wise EM Jr,Abou-Donia MM

更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed human cervicovaginal organ culture systems to examine the initiating events in HIV transmission after exposure to various sources of HIV infectivity, including semen. Newly infected cells were detected in the cervical submucosa 3-4 days after exposure to a primary HIV isolate. At earlier times, exten...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maher D,Wu X,Schacker T,Horbul J,Southern P

更新日期：2005-08-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The elevation of Ca2+ levels in the cytoplasm inactivates inward-rectifying K+ channels that play a central role in regulating the apertures of stomatal pores in higher plants. However, the mechanism for the Ca(2+)-mediated inhibition of K(+)-channel function is unknown. Using patch-clamp techniques, we show that cycl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luan S,Li W,Rusnak F,Assmann SM,Schreiber SL

更新日期：1993-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial ecology is revealing the vast diversity of strains and species that coexist in many environments, ranging from free-living communities to the symbionts that compose the human microbiome. In parallel, there is growing evidence of the importance of cooperative phenotypes for the growth and behavior of microbia...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitri S,Xavier JB,Foster KR

更新日期：2011-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Individual proteins can now often be modified with atomic precision, but there are still major obstacles to connecting proteins into larger assemblies. To direct protein assembly, ideally, peptide tags would be used, providing the minimal perturbation to protein function. However, binding to peptides is generally weak...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fierer JO,Veggiani G,Howarth M

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RsbR is a regulator of sigma(B), the RNA polymerase sigma factor subunit responsible for transcribing the general stress response genes when environmental stress is imposed on Bacillus subtilis. The C-terminal domain of RsbR and its paralogues is a substrate for the kinase function of another sigma(B) regulator, RsbT,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murray JW,Delumeau O,Lewis RJ

更新日期：2005-11-29 00:00:00