The Xist RNA-PRC2 complex at 20-nm resolution reveals a low Xist stoichiometry and suggests a hit-and-run mechanism in mouse cells.

abstract：:Meningococcal meningitis remains a substantial cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Until recently, countries in the African meningitis belt were susceptible to devastating outbreaks, largely attributed to serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis (MenA). Vaccination with glycoconjugates of MenA capsular polysaccharid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Henriques P,Dello Iacono L,Gimeno A,Biolchi A,Romano MR,Arda A,Bernardes GJL,Jimenez-Barbero J,Berti F,Rappuoli R,Adamo R

更新日期：2020-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multigenic autoimmune disease, and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II polymorphism serves as a key genetic element. In SLE-prone (NZB x NZW)F(1) mice, the MHC H-2(d/z) heterozygosity (H-2(d) of NZB and H-2(z) of NZW) has a strong impact on disease; thus, congeni...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang D,Fujio K,Jiang Y,Zhao J,Tada N,Sudo K,Tsurui H,Nakamura K,Yamamoto K,Nishimura H,Shira T,Hirose S

更新日期：2004-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor autoimmune regulator (AIRE) are responsible for autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy syndrome. AIRE directs expression of tissue-restricted antigens in the thymic medulla and in lymph node stromal cells and thereby substantially contribu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pomié C,Vicente R,Vuddamalay Y,Lundgren BA,van der Hoek M,Enault G,Kagan J,Fazilleau N,Scott HS,Romagnoli P,van Meerwijk JP

更新日期：2011-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper investigates quantitatively the characteristics of the local folding code. The overlapping four-residue fragments which make up the amino acid sequences of 114 proteins are divided into classes on the basis of the physical properties of their constituent amino acids. The distribution of structural types ass...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rackovsky S

更新日期：1993-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The functions of neurotransmitters in fetal development are poorly understood. Genetic observations have suggested a role for the inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the normal development of the mouse palate. Mice homozygous for mutations in the beta-3 GABAA receptor subunit devel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Condie BG,Bain G,Gottlieb DI,Capecchi MR

更新日期：1997-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Ventriculo-cisternal perfusion of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the mouse brain has demonstrated that a brain-blood barrier exists at the microvascular endothelium in brain parenchyma but not in the median eminence of the hypothalamus. The brain-blood barrier is similar to the blood-brain barrier in that: tight junc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Broadwell RD,Balin BJ,Salcman M,Kaplan RS

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mouse granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells were stimulated to divide by the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The two daughter cells were separated; one daughter was transferred to medium containing a high concentration of GM-CSF, the other to medium containing a low concentration. Daughter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Metcalf D

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 23S twisted circular form of ColE(1) DNA has been isolated from Escherichia coli as a tightly associated DNA-protein complex with a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 24S. Treatment of this complex with pronase, trypsin, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Sarkosyl, or heat results in a conversion to a slower sediment...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clewell DB,Helinski DR

更新日期：1969-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Failure of embryo implantation accounts for a significant percentage of female infertility. Exquisitely coordinated molecular programs govern the interaction between the competent blastocyst and the receptive uterus. Decidualization, the rapid proliferation and differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into decidua...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haller M,Yin Y,Ma L

更新日期：2019-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Real-life decisions are often repeated. Whether considering taking a job in a new city, or doing something mundane like checking if the stove is off, decisions are frequently revisited even if no new information is available. This mode of behavior takes a particularly pathological form in obsessive-compulsive disorder...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Solway A,Lin Z,Vinaik E

更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Up-regulation of the folding machinery of the heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone protein is crucial for cancer progression. The two Hsp90 isoforms (α and β) play different roles in response to chemotherapy. To identify isoform-selective inhibitors of Hsp90(α/β)/cochaperone p23 interactions, we developed a dual-lu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chan CT,Reeves RE,Geller R,Yaghoubi SS,Hoehne A,Solow-Cordero DE,Chiosis G,Massoud TF,Paulmurugan R,Gambhir SS

更新日期：2012-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammary glands of prepubertal estrogen receptor (ER)beta-- mice are morphologically indistinguishable from those of WT littermates. It appears that, although ERbeta is expressed in the mouse mammary gland, it is not involved in ductal growth of the gland. In this study, we examined the possibility that ERbeta has ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Förster C,Mäkela S,Wärri A,Kietz S,Becker D,Hultenby K,Warner M,Gustafsson JA

更新日期：2002-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:We introduce a polynomial C(mu)[Z; q, t], depending on a set of variables Z = z(1), z(2),..., a partition mu, and two extra parameters q, t. The definition of C(mu) involves a pair of statistics (maj(sigma, mu), inv(sigma, mu)) on words sigma of positive integers, and the coefficients of the z(i) are manifestly in N[q...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haglund J

更新日期：2004-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:While recent experiments revealed that some pioneer transcription factors (TFs) can bind to their target DNA sequences inside a nucleosome, the binding dynamics of their target recognitions are poorly understood. Here we used the latest coarse-grained models and molecular dynamics simulations to study the nucleosome-b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tan C,Takada S

更新日期：2020-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Unconventional myosin 15 is a molecular motor expressed in inner ear hair cells that transports protein cargos within developing mechanosensory stereocilia. Mutations of myosin 15 cause profound hearing loss in humans and mice; however, the properties of this motor and its regulation within the stereocilia organelle a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bird JE,Takagi Y,Billington N,Strub MP,Sellers JR,Friedman TB

更新日期：2014-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The taxonomic status of Neanderthals lies at the center of the modern human origins debate. Proponents of the single-origin model often view this group as a distinct species with little or no contribution to the evolution of modern humans. Adherents to the regional continuity model consider Neanderthals a subspecies o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harvati K,Frost SR,McNulty KP

更新日期：2004-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is critical for induction of protective immunity against intracellular bacterial infection. However, the mechanisms for efficient induction of IL-12 in innate response remain poorly understood. Here we report that the B type of carbonic anhydrase 6 (Car6-b, which encoded CA-VI B) is essential fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu J,Xu X,Wang B,Ma Y,Zhang L,Xu H,Hu Y,Wu J,Cao X

更新日期：2017-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostaglandin (PG) D2 has been shown to be transformed by human 11-ketoreductase to 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2, a biologically active metabolite that is produced in vivo. During the course of developing a mass spectrometric assay for 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2, several compounds with characteristics similar to PGF2 were detected ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wendelborn DF,Seibert K,Roberts LJ 2nd

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have recently identified a family of rhesus monkeys with members exhibiting a spontaneous hypercholesterolemia associated with a low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficiency. By using the polymerase chain reaction, we now show that the affected monkeys are heterozygous for a nonsense mutation in exon 6 of the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hummel M,Li ZG,Pfaffinger D,Neven L,Scanu AM

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum produce rhizobitoxine, a phytotoxin that causes foliar chlorosis on susceptible host plants. We have previously obtained Tn5-induced rhizobitoxine null mutants of B. japonicum. DNA sequence analysis of the region surrounding two Tn5 insertions identifies two overlapping open re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ruan X,Zhang C,Peters NK

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Visual receptive fields (RFs) were mapped inside and outside the cortical representation of the optic disk in the striate cortex (area V1) of anesthetized and paralyzed Cebus monkeys. Unexpectedly, most cells were found to be binocularly driven, and the RFs mapped with contralateral-eye stimulation progressed in a top...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fiorani Júnior M,Rosa MG,Gattass R,Rocha-Miranda CE

更新日期：1992-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified, cultured, characterized, and propagated adult pluripotent stem cells (PSC) from a subset of human peripheral blood monocytes. These cells, which in appearance resemble fibroblasts, expand in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and display monocytic and hematopoietic stem cell marke...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhao Y,Glesne D,Huberman E

更新日期：2003-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent isolation and identification of alpha-N-acetyl forms of the C-Fragment of lipotropin (beta-endorphin, residues 61-91) and the C'-Fragment (residues 61-87) [Smyth, D.G., Massey, D.E., Zakarian, S. & Finnie, M. (1979) Nature (London) 279, 252-254] has led to a study of their distribution in the pituitary and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zakarian S,Smyth D

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aggregation of the receptor for IgE on mast cells, basophils, and a tumor analog, rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells, induces a calcium-dependent degranulation of the cells. We have measured the membrane potential (delta psi) of RBL cells during this reaction by using the tetraphenylphosphonium ion (Ph4P+) equilibrat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kanner BI,Metzger H

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription and processing of mitochondrial 21S rRNA in a petite strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been examined by electron microscopic analysis of R-loop hybrids and by hybridization of labeled mitochondrial DNA probes to RNA transferred to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper. We have shown the presence of a large...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Merten S,Synenki RM,Locker J,Christianson T,Rabinowitz M

更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many pathological conditions of the central nervous system involve damage to and removal of myelin membrane. Very little is known about initiation of this membrane damage and the mechanisms of disposal of the damaged tissue. We are interested in the interaction between complement (the components of complement are desi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vanguri P,Koski CL,Silverman B,Shin ML

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Live proliferation-competent and irradiated proliferation-incompetent L5178 murine lymphoma cells (Eb cell line) were compared for their potency to induce systemic anti-tumor immunity in syngeneic DBA/2 mice. The tumorigenic potential in vivo of live Eb cells was suppressed through local secretion of interleukin 4 (IL...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Khazaie K,Prifti S,Beckhove P,Griesbach A,Russell S,Collins M,Schirrmacher V

更新日期：1994-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Virus population growth depends on contacts between viruses and their hosts. It is often unclear how sufficient contacts are made between viruses and their specific hosts to generate spikes in viral abundance. Here, we show that copepods, acting as predators, can bring aquatic viruses and their algal hosts into contac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DeLong JP,Al-Ameeli Z,Duncan G,Van Etten JL,Dunigan DD

更新日期：2016-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Mixed-metal oxides play a very important role in many areas of chemistry, physics, materials science, and geochemistry. Recently, there has been a strong interest in understanding phenomena associated with the deposition of oxide nanoparticles on the surface of a second (host) oxide. Here, scanning tunneling microscop...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park JB,Graciani J,Evans J,Stacchiola D,Ma S,Liu P,Nambu A,Sanz JF,Hrbek J,Rodriguez JA

更新日期：2009-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The catalytic activity of low-dimensional electrocatalysts is highly dependent on their local atomic structures, particularly those less-coordinated sites found at edges and corners; therefore, a direct probe of the electrocatalytic current at specified local sites with true nanoscopic resolution has become critically...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun T,Wang D,Mirkin MV,Cheng H,Zheng JC,Richards RM,Lin F,Xin HL

更新日期：2019-06-11 00:00:00