Abstract：
:Ubiquitin is remarkable for its ubiquitous distribution and its extreme protein sequence conservation. Ubiquitin genes comprise direct repeats of the ubiquitin coding unit with no spacers. The nucleotide sequences of several ubiquitin repeats from each of humans, chicken, Xenopus, Drosophila, barley, and yeast have recently been determined. By analysis of these data we show that ubiquitin is evolving more slowly than any other known protein, and that this (together with its gene organization) contributes to an ideal situation for the occurrence of concerted evolution of tandem repeats. By contrast, there is little evidence of between-cluster concerted evolution. We deduce that in ubiquitin genes, concerted evolution involves both unequal crossover and gene conversion, and that the average time since two repeated units within the polyubiquitin locus most recently shared a common ancestor is approximately 38 million years (Myr) in mammals, but perhaps only 11 Myr in Drosophila. The extreme conservatism of ubiquitin evolution also allows the inference that certain synonymous serine codons differing at the first two positions were probably mutated at single steps.
journal_name
J Mol Evoljournal_title
Journal of molecular evolutionauthors
Sharp PM,Li WHdoi
10.1007/BF02100041subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-01-01 00:00:00pages
58-64issue
1eissn
0022-2844issn
1432-1432journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Molluscan shells are composed of calcium carbonates, with small amounts of extracellular matrices secreted from mantle epithelial cells. Many types of shell matrix proteins (SMPs) have been identified from molluscan shells or mantle cells. The pen shell Atrina pectinata (Pinnidae) has two different shell microstructur...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-020-09977-7
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have determined the genomic structure of an integrin beta-subunit gene from the coral, Acropora millepora. The coding region of the gene contains 26 introns, spaced relatively uniformly, and this is significantly more than have been found in any integrin beta-subunit genes from higher animals. Twenty-five of the 26...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002390010257
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The weight-averaged observed/expected dinucleotide frequencies for the sum total of the coding regions of five Toxoplasma genes were compared with the same parameters previously determined for the coding regions of 21 Plasmodium genes. In addition, codon usage in the five Toxoplasma genes was compared with that in the...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02101892
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolic cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae consists of alternating oxidative (respiration) and reductive (glycolysis) energy-yielding reactions. The intracellular concentrations of amino acid precursors generated by these reactions oscillate accordingly, attaining maximal concentration during the middle of their ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-009-9218-5
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The activated dimonophosphate of 3'-deoxyadenosine (cordycepin) undergoes oligomerization to produce a new family of pyrophosphate-linked oligomers in which the average repeating unit involves a nine-atom structural group. The presence of a poly(U) template increases the relative yields of higher oligomers, although t...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02101146
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the plant parasitic nematode Xiphinema americanum sensu stricto has been determined. At 12626bp it is the smallest metazoan mitochondrial genome reported to date. Genes are transcribed from both strands. Genes coding for 12 proteins, 2 rRNAs and 17 putative tRNAs (w...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-005-0102-7
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Response regulators of bacterial sensory transduction systems generally consist of receiver module domains covalently linked to effector domains. The effector domains include DNA binding and/or catalytic units that are regulated by sensor kinase-catalyzed aspartyl phosphorylation within their receiver modules. Most re...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00167109
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Variation in structure among primate hemoglobins is associated with variation in function. This supports the hypothesis that most substitutions observed among homologous proteins in different species have been fixed by natural selection because they contribute to the fitness of the genotype. It does not support the co...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01653958
更新日期：1972-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The codons in four mammalian messenger RNAs (rabbit beta hemoglobin, rat pre-proinsulin, rat pre-growth hormone and human chorionic somatomammotropin) show a predominance of C and G in third nucleotide positions. The C:U ratio is about 2 to 1, and the G:A ratio is about 4 to 1. The possibility is discussed that this d...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01733888
更新日期：1978-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Actin is a highly conserved protein although many isoforms exist. In vertebrates and insects the different actin isoforms can be grouped by their amino acid sequence and tissue-specific gene expression into muscle and nonmuscle actins, suggesting that the different actins may have a functional significance. We ask her...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006125
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) was determined. The length of the sequence presented is 17,442 nucleotides (nt). The molecule is thus the largest eutherian mtDNA molecule so far reported. The organization of the molecule conforms with that of other ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00173175
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction site maps for nine species of the Drosophila obscura subgroup and for Drosophila melanogaster were established. Taking into account all restriction enzymes (12) and strains (45) analyzed, a total of 105 different sites were detected, which corresponds to a sample of 3.49% of the m...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02109481
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adenosine 5'-phosphoramidates form when solutions containing adenosine 5'-polyphosphates pnA (n greater than or equal to 3) or P1, P2-diadenosine 5'-diphosphate and amines are allowed to dry out. Mg ions catalyze these reactions. We have studied systems containing ammonia, imidazole, glycine, ethylenediamine and hista...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01751807
更新日期：1977-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) were subjected to dehydration-hydration cycles in the presence of 6-carboxyfluorescein or salmon sperm DNA. We found that the vesicles fused into multilamellar structures during dehydration with solutes trapped between the lamellae. Upon rehydration the lamellae swelled and formed lar...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01733047
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fimbrial adhesins allow bacteria to interact with and attach to their environment. The bacteria possibly benefit from these interactions, but all external structures including adhesins also allow bacteria to be identified by other organisms. Thus adhesion molecules might be under multiple forms of selection including ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002390010148
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We provide here evidence for a conserved regulatory element for transcription of the β-family globin genes based on a comparative study of 32 genes from 16 mammals. The element is characterized by the appearance of AA or TT dinucleotides in the A + T-rich region located 200-400 bp upstream of the cap sites. G-tracts 3...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-011-9459-y
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diversity of functional genes and the related processes are important issues for conservation biology. This is especially relevant for populations that have suffered from demographic reduction as a consequence of the processes of postglacial colonization. In this perspective, the aims of the present study are (1) ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-011-9456-1
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eight human short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRs) also known as microsatellites-DYS19, DYS388, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS389I, and DYS389II, mapping in the Y chromosome-were analyzed in two Iberian samples (Basques and Catalans). Allele frequency distributions showed significant differences only for DYS392...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006229
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present two new models of protein sequence evolution based on structural properties of mitochondrial proteins. We compare these models with others currently used in phylogenetic analyses, investigating their performance over both short and long evolutionary distances. We find that our models that incorporate second...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239001-0052-7
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we analyze the molecular evolution of the beta-esterase gene cluster in the Drosophila genus using the recently released genome sequences of 12 Drosophila species. Molecular evolution in this small cluster is noteworthy because it contains contrasting examples of the types and stages of loss of gene function. Spe...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-009-9236-3
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A major goal of evolutionary biology is to understand how beneficial mutations translate into increased fitness. Here, we study beneficial mutations that arise in experimental populations of yeast evolved in glucose-rich media. We find that fitness increases are caused by enhanced maximum growth rate (R) that come at ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-018-9829-9
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lepidoptera (comprised of butterflies and moths) is one of the largest groups of insects, including more than 160,000 described species. Chemoreception plays important roles in the adaptation of these species to a wide range of niches, e.g., plant hosts, egg-laying sites, and mates. This study investigated the molecul...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-014-9633-0
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The question of whether natural selection favors genetic stability or genetic variability is a fundamental problem in evolutionary biology. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrate that selection favors genetic stability by avoiding unstable nucleotide sequences in protein encoding DNA. Yet, such unstable sequences are main...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-010-9328-0
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence from a number of studies indicates that protein folding is dictated not only by factors stabilizing the native state, but also by potentially independent factors that create folding pathways. How natural selection might cope simultaneously with two independent factors was addressed in this study within the fr...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-011-9465-0
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is generally considered that if an RNA World ever existed that it would be driven by an RNA capable of RNA replication. Whether such a catalytic RNA could emerge in an RNA World or not, there would need to be prior routes to increasing complexity in order to produce it. It is hypothesized here that increasing seque...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-018-9846-8
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequence divergence among orthologous proteins was characterized with 34 amino acid replacement matrices, sequence context analysis, and a phylogenetic tree. The model was trained on very large datasets of aligned protein sequences drawn from 15 organisms including protists, plants, Dictyostelium, fungi, and animals. ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-005-0060-0
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Processes exhibiting diversity and selection would have been necessary to promote chemical evolution on early Earth. In this work, a model process was developed using non-kinetic selection to synthesize and isolate small molecule imidazolium catalysts. These catalysts were purified by affinity chromatography and recyc...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-015-9687-7
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A few years ago we presented a stationary Markov model of gene evolution according to which only homologous genes from not too divergent species obeying the condition of being stationary may behave as reliable molecular clocks. A compartmentalized model of the nuclear genome in which the genes are distributed in compa...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02602910
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Comparisons of the amino acid compositions of the nitrogenase proteins from different organisms and their correlation with cross-reactivities and taxonomical data suggest an evolution within bacterial genomes rather than within plasmids. Comparisons of the amino acid compositions of nitrogenases and other ATP-ases sho...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01732473
更新日期：1976-03-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Circadian clock genes are remarkably conserved between eucoelomates. Although Drosophila has one copy of each major component, vertebrates have two or (in the case of the Period genes) three paralogs (Per1-3). We investigated the possibility that the vertebrate Per genes arose through two genome duplications during th...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-005-0185-1
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
