Abstract：
:Actin is a highly conserved protein although many isoforms exist. In vertebrates and insects the different actin isoforms can be grouped by their amino acid sequence and tissue-specific gene expression into muscle and nonmuscle actins, suggesting that the different actins may have a functional significance. We ask here whether atomic models for G- and F-actins may help to explain this functional diversity. Using a molecular graphics program we have mapped the few amino acids that differ between isoactins. A small number of residues specific for muscle actins are buried in internal positions and some present a remarkable organization. Within the molecule, the replacements observed between muscle and nonmuscle actins are often accompanied by compensatory changes. The others are dispersed on the protein surface, except for a cluster located at the N-terminus which protrudes outward. Only a few of these residues specific for muscle actins are present in known ligand binding sites except the N-terminus, which has a sequence specific for each isoactin and is directly implicated in the binding to myosin. When we simulated the replacements of side chains of residues specific for muscle actins to those specific for nonmuscle actins, the N-terminus appears to be less compact and more flexible in nonmuscle actins. This would represent the first conformational grounds for proposing that muscle and nonmuscle actins may be functionally distinguishable. The rest of the molecule is very similar or identical in all the actins, except for a possible higher internal flexibility in muscle actins. We propose that muscle actin genes have evolved from genes of nonmuscle actins by substitutions leading to some conformational changes in the protruding N-terminus and the internal dynamics of the main body of the protein.
journal_name
J Mol Evoljournal_title
Journal of molecular evolutionauthors
Mounier N,Sparrow JCdoi
10.1007/pl00006125subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-01-01 00:00:00pages
89-97issue
1eissn
0022-2844issn
1432-1432journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Compared with the X chromosome, the mammalian Y chromosome is considerably diminished in size and has lost most of its ancestral genes during evolution. Interestingly, for the X-degenerate region on the Y chromosome, human has retained all 16 genes, while chimpanzee has lost 4 of the 16 genes since the divergence of t...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-008-9189-y
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutational bias toward expansion or contraction of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) is referred to as directionality of SSR evolution. In this communication, we report the mutational bias exhibited by mononucleotide SSRs occurring in the non-coding regions of several prokaryotic genomes. Our investigations revealed that...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-012-9491-6
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA sequences representing approximately 40% of the large-subunit rRNA gene from the lower dipteran Chironomus thummi were analyzed. Once aligned with their Drosophila counterparts, sequence and base content comparisons were carried out. Sequence identity was found to be high overall, except for six regions that displ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00173183
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phylogenetic relationships of nematodes, nematomorphs, kinorhynchs, priapulids, and some other major groups of invertebrates were studied by 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Kinorhynchs and priapulids form the monophyletic Cephalorhyncha clade that is the closest to the coelomate animals. When phylogenetic trees were generat...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006416
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single likelihood ancestor counting (SLAC), fixed effects likelihood (FEL), and several random effects likelihood (REL) methods were utilized to identify positively and negatively selected sites in sexually induced gene 1 (Sig1) of four different Thalassiosira species. The SLAC analysis did not find any sites affected...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-006-0016-z
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Darwinian theory requires that mutations be produced in a nonanticipatory manner; it is nonetheless consistent to suggest that mutations that have repeatedly led to nonviable phenotypes would be introduced less frequently than others-if under appropriate genetic control. Immunoglobulins produced during infection acqui...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006530
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper presents an essentially new method used to construct phylogenetic trees from related amino acid sequences. The method is based on a new distance measure which describes sequence relationships by means of typical steric and physicochemical properties of the amino acids and is advantageous in some essential p...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00160324
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-010-9340-4
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are the remnants of ancient germ cell infection by exogenous retroviruses and occupy up to 8% of the human genome. It has been suggested that HERV sequences have contributed to primate evolution by regulating the expression of cellular genes and mediating chromosome rearrangements...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-004-2656-1
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02603122
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002399910031
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02099942
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Characterization of sequences homologous to the Drosophila melanogaster gypsy transposable element was carried out in Drosophila subobscura (gypsyDS). They were found to be widely distributed among natural populations of this species. From Southern blot and in situ analyses, these sequences appear to be mobile in this...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00166248
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A model of nucleotide substitution that allows the transition/transversion rate bias to vary across sites was constructed. We examined the fit of this model using likelihood-ratio tests by analyzing 13 protein coding genes and 1 pseudogene. Likelihood-ratio testing indicated that a model that allows variation in the t...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006448
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gas chromatograph mass spectrometer instrument of the Viking mission has demonstrated the absence of organic compounds in the immediate surface layer of the two landing sites. The demonstration of the successful operation of the instrument (comparison of ground-based test data with those obtained during interplane...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01732368
更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006497
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-005-0154-8
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypothetical Products from Noncoding Frames (i.e., HyPNoFs) are hypothetical, not-coded proteins, translated from alternate reading frames (i.e., coding + 1 and coding + 2) of cDNAs. HyPNoFs of CD4, PKC, oncostatin, bcl-2 proto-oncogene, tumor suppressor p53, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), and tumor n...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00160503
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Computational and experimental attempts tried to characterize a universal core of genes representing the minimal set of functional needs for an organism. Based on the increasing number of available complete genomes, comparative genomics has concluded that the universal core contains < 50 genes. In contrast, experiment...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-005-0250-9
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Life is based on biopolymers that have the ability to replicate themselves. Here we consider how a self-replicating RNA system may have originated. We consider a reaction system in which polymerization is possible by the addition of an activated monomer to the end of a chain. We suppose that a small fraction of polyme...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-009-9276-8
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The observed and expected frequencies of occurrence of microsatellites in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated. In all cases, the observed frequencies exceeded the expected ones. In contrast to predictions by Messier et al. (1996), there is no critical number of repeats beyond which the observed freque...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006474
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The best reconstructions of the history of life will use both molecular time estimates and fossil data. Errors in molecular rate estimation typically are unaccounted for and no attempts have been made to quantify this uncertainty comprehensively. Here, focus is primarily on fossil calibration error because this error ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-004-2624-9
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To get a better understanding of the effect of interelement selection on the variation of long terminal repeat retrotransposon families, we have investigated the evolutionary history of blood in the Drosophila melanogaster species complex. We carried out a PCR approach to amplify the 5' untranslated region from blood ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002390010164
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microsatellite DNA sequences have become the dominant source of nuclear genetic markers for most applications. It is important to investigate the basis of variation between alleles and to know if current assumptions about the mechanisms of microsatellite mutation (that is to say, variations involving simple changes in...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006151
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Circadian clock genes are remarkably conserved between eucoelomates. Although Drosophila has one copy of each major component, vertebrates have two or (in the case of the Period genes) three paralogs (Per1-3). We investigated the possibility that the vertebrate Per genes arose through two genome duplications during th...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-005-0185-1
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have analyzed the gene that encodes receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium, which belongs to the most ancient and simple metazoan groups, the Porifera. RTKs are enzymes found only in metazoa. The sponge gene contains two introns in the extracellular part of the protein. However, the r...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006141
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Available molecular and biochemical data offer conflicting evidence for the origin of the cyanelle of Cyanophora paradoxa. We show that the similarity of cyanelle and green chloroplast sequences is probably a result of these two lineages independently developing the same pattern of directional nucleotide change (subst...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00182392
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is an 8/13 sequence match between actin and flagellin in their N-terminal regions. ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1007/s00239-001-0067-0
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper we present a new method for detecting block duplications in a genome. It is more stringent than previous ones in that it requires a more rigorous definition of paralogous genes and that it requires the paralogous proteins on the two blocks to be contiguous. In addition, it provides three criterion choice...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-002-2377-2
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Computational analysis of the hypothetical open reading frame MJ0236 from Methanococcus jannaschii reveals its membership to a family of bacterial and eukaryotic proteins, predicted to be the HMP-P kinases involved in thiamin biosyntheis (ThiD). The eukaryotic members of this family contain a C-terminal extension simi...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1007/pl00013145
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
